Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence
Encyclopedia
The cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence or CAPS method is a technique in molecular biology
for the analysis of genetic marker
s. It is an extension to the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
(RFLP) method, using polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) to more quickly analyse the results.
Like RFLP, CAPS works on the principle that genetic differences between individuals can create or abolish restriction endonuclease restriction sites, and that these differences can be detected in the resulting DNA fragment length after digestion.
In the CAPS method, PCR amplification is directed across the altered restriction site, and the products digested with the restriction enzyme. When fractionated by agarose or acrylamide
gel electrophoresis
, the digested PCR products will give readily distinguishable patterns of bands. Alternatively, the amplified segment can by analyzed by Allele specific oligonucleotide
(ASO) probes, a process that can often be done by a simple Dot blot
.
Molecular biology
Molecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity. This field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry...
for the analysis of genetic marker
Genetic marker
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify cells, individuals or species. It can be described as a variation that can be observed...
s. It is an extension to the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism, or RFLP , is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. It refers to a difference between samples of homologous DNA molecules that come from differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, and to a related...
(RFLP) method, using polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction is a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence....
(PCR) to more quickly analyse the results.
Like RFLP, CAPS works on the principle that genetic differences between individuals can create or abolish restriction endonuclease restriction sites, and that these differences can be detected in the resulting DNA fragment length after digestion.
In the CAPS method, PCR amplification is directed across the altered restriction site, and the products digested with the restriction enzyme. When fractionated by agarose or acrylamide
Acrylamide
Acrylamide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C3H5NO. Its IUPAC name is prop-2-enamide. It is a white odourless crystalline solid, soluble in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Acrylamide is incompatible with acids, bases, oxidizing agents, iron, and iron salts...
gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is a method used in clinical chemistry to separate proteins by charge and or size and in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate a mixed population of DNA and RNA fragments by length, to estimate the size of DNA and RNA fragments or to separate proteins by charge...
, the digested PCR products will give readily distinguishable patterns of bands. Alternatively, the amplified segment can by analyzed by Allele specific oligonucleotide
Allele specific oligonucleotide
An allele-specific oligonucleotide is a short piece of synthetic DNA complementary to the sequence of a variable target DNA. It acts as a probe for the presence of the target in a Southern blot assay or, more commonly, in the simpler Dot blot assay...
(ASO) probes, a process that can often be done by a simple Dot blot
Dot blot
right|thumb|350px|Schematic of the use of two [[Allele specific oligonucleotide|ASO]] probes on duplicate Dot-blot filters.A Dot blot is a technique in molecular biology used to detect biomolecules. It represents a simplification of the northern blot, Southern blot, or western blot methods...
.