Chroniosuchia
Encyclopedia
The Chroniosuchia are a suborder or order of labyrinthodonts that lived in the middle Permian
and the upper Triassic
periods of Eastern Europe
, Kyrgyzstan
, China
and Germany
. They were all rather short limbed with a strong tail and elongated snout, somewhat resembling modern crocodiles. They likely had ecological niches as riverside predators, and may have been competed out with the advent of real crocodiles in the late Triassic
. Most forms bore a heavy armour of scute
s along the back, possibly for protection against land born predators like therapsids.
Permian
The PermianThe term "Permian" was introduced into geology in 1841 by Sir Sir R. I. Murchison, president of the Geological Society of London, who identified typical strata in extensive Russian explorations undertaken with Edouard de Verneuil; Murchison asserted in 1841 that he named his "Permian...
and the upper Triassic
Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Mya . As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. Both the start and end of the Triassic are marked by major extinction events...
periods of Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
, Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. They were all rather short limbed with a strong tail and elongated snout, somewhat resembling modern crocodiles. They likely had ecological niches as riverside predators, and may have been competed out with the advent of real crocodiles in the late Triassic
Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Mya . As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. Both the start and end of the Triassic are marked by major extinction events...
. Most forms bore a heavy armour of scute
Scute
A scute or scutum is a bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, the feet of some birds or the anterior portion of the mesonotum in insects.-Properties:...
s along the back, possibly for protection against land born predators like therapsids.
Taxonomy
- ReptiliomorphaReptiliomorphaReptiliomorpha refers to an order or subclass of reptile-like amphibians, which gave rise to the amniotes in the Carboniferous. Under phylogenetic nomenclature, the Reptiliomorpha includes their amniote descendants though, even in phylogenetic nomenclature, the name is mostly used when referring to...
- Order Chroniosuchia
- Family Bystrowianidae
- AxitectumAxitectumAxitectum is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from lower Triassic deposits of Nizhni Novgorod and Kirov Regions, Russia. It was a rather large animal judging by the size of it's vertebrae. The back was covered in bands of highly ornamented osteoderm plates, similar to those found in...
- BystrowianaBystrowianaBystrowiana is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from upper Permian deposits of Vladimir Region, Russia and Jiyuan, China. The genus is named in honour of Dr. Alexey Bystrow, who was a Russian paleontologist. It was first named by Vyushkov in 1957 and the type species is Bystrowiana...
- BystrowiellaBystrowiellaBystrowiella is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from upper Middle Triassic deposits of Kupferzell and Vellberg, northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was first named by Florian Witzmann, Rainer R. Schoch and Michael W...
- DromotectumDromotectumDromotectum is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from lower Triassic deposits of Samara Region, european Russia. It is known from the holotype PIN 2424/23, which consists of armor scute and from PIN 2424/65, 4495/14 and 2252/397 which can be assigned to this genus. It was found in the...
- SynesuchusSynesuchusSynesuchus is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from middle Triassic deposits of Komi Republic, northern Fore-Ural of Russia. It is known from the holotype PIN 4466/12, which consists of armor scute and from the referred materials PIN 4466/10, 4466/11, 4466/13 and 4466/14. It was...
- Axitectum
- Family Chroniosuchidae
- ChroniosaurusChroniosaurusChroniosaurus is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian deposits of Novgorod, Orenburg and Vologda Regions, Russia. It was first named by Tverdokhlebova in 1972 and the type species is Chroniosaurus dongusensis....
- ChroniosuchusChroniosuchusChroniosuchus is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian deposits of Arkhangelsk, Orenburg and Vologda Regions, Russia. It was first named by Vjuschkov in 1957 and the type species is Chroniosuchus paradoxus....
- IngentidensIngentidensIngentidens is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian mudstone deposits of Dashankou locality, Xidagou Formation of China. It was first named by Jin-Ling Li and Zheng-Wu Cheng in 1999, from a mandible . The type species is Ingentidens corridoricus...
- JarilinusJarilinusJarilinus is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian deposits of Novgorod and Orenburg Region, Russia. It was first named by V. K. Golubev in 1998, from skull fragments and trunk scutes. The type species is Jarilinus mirabilis....
- MadygenerpetonMadygenerpetonMadygenerpeton is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from middle and upper Triassic deposits of Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan. It was first named by paleontologists Rainer R. Schoch, Sebastian Voigt and Michael Buchwitz in 2010 from a nearly complete skull and associated osteoderms....
- PhratochronisPhratochronisPhratochronis is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian mudstone deposits of Dashankou locality, Xidagou Formation of China. It was first named by Jin-Ling Li and Zheng-Wu Cheng in 1999, from a maxilla and premaxilla with almost complete dentition . The type species is...
- UralerpetonUralerpetonUralerpeton is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian deposits of Vladimir Region, European Russia. It was first named by V. K. Golubev in 1998, from skull fragments and trunk scutes. The type species is Uralerpeton tverdokhlebovae....
- SuchonicaSuchonicaSuchonica is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian deposits of Sukhona Formation of Vologda Region, Russia. It was first named by V. K. Golubev in 1999, from the anterior armor scute . The type species is Suchonica vladimiri....
- Chroniosaurus
- Family Bystrowianidae