Chronic poverty is a term used to describe poverty

Poverty

Poverty is the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter. About 1.7 billion people are estimated to live...

with an extended duration. Both the implicit poverty line and the duration needed to allow such a classification are arbitrary and debated. And the purpose of the literature is to argue that the identification of this kind of poverty is important because it may require different policies than those needed for addressing transient poverty.