Chromodorididae
Encyclopedia
Chromodorididae are a taxonomic family
of medium-sized to large, colorful, sea slugs; dorid nudibranch
s in the superfamily Doridoidea
. These are marine
gastropod mollusks.
They have a worldwide distribution, but most species are centered in the Indo-Pacific
region. Several genera, however, can be found in more than one ocean or are scattered among regions separated by biogeographical barriers. These widespread genera (Mexichromis
, Chromodoris
, Glossodoris
and Hypselodoris
) have been found, in a scientific paper published in 2007, to be paraphyletic
or polyphyletic
. All Chromodorid nudibranchs feed on sponges.
The family Cadlinidae Bergh
, 1891 was considered a synonym of the Chromodorididae. Research by R.F. Johnson in 2011 has shown that Cadlina does not belong to the family Chromodorididae
. She has therefore brought back the name Cadlinidae from synonymy with Chromodorididae. The chromodorid nudibranchs without Cadlina are now monophyletic and turn out to be a possible sister to the family Actinocyclidae
.
Genera brought into synonymy :
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of medium-sized to large, colorful, sea slugs; dorid nudibranch
Nudibranch
A nudibranch is a member of what is now a taxonomic clade, and what was previously a suborder, of soft-bodied, marine gastropod mollusks which shed their shell after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colors and striking forms...
s in the superfamily Doridoidea
Doridoidea
Doridoidea, commonly known as dorid nudibranchs, are a taxonomic superfamily of medium to large, shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea, included in the clade Nudibranchia....
. These are marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...
gastropod mollusks.
They have a worldwide distribution, but most species are centered in the Indo-Pacific
Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a biogeographic region of the Earth's seas, comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia...
region. Several genera, however, can be found in more than one ocean or are scattered among regions separated by biogeographical barriers. These widespread genera (Mexichromis
Mexichromis
Mexichromis is a genus of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Mexichromis include:* Mexichromis amalguae Gosliner & Bertsch, 1988...
, Chromodoris
Chromodoris
Chromodoris is a genus of very colorful sea slugs or dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae. -Species:Species in the genus Chromodoris include:* Chromodoris africana Eliot, 1904* Chromodoris aila Er...
, Glossodoris
Glossodoris
Glossodoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Glossodoris include: * Glossodoris aeruginosa Rudman, 1995...
and Hypselodoris
Hypselodoris
Hypselodoris is a genus of colorful sea slugs or dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae. -Species:Species in the genus Hyselodoris genus include:* Hypselodoris acriba Marcus & Marcus, 1967...
) have been found, in a scientific paper published in 2007, to be paraphyletic
Paraphyly
A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants...
or polyphyletic
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is one whose members' last common ancestor is not a member of the group.For example, the group consisting of warm-blooded animals is polyphyletic, because it contains both mammals and birds, but the most recent common ancestor of mammals and birds was cold-blooded...
. All Chromodorid nudibranchs feed on sponges.
The family Cadlinidae Bergh
Rudolph Bergh
Rudolph Bergh , full name Ludvig Sophus Rudolph Bergh, was a Danish physician and malacologist. He worked in Copenhagen....
, 1891 was considered a synonym of the Chromodorididae. Research by R.F. Johnson in 2011 has shown that Cadlina does not belong to the family Chromodorididae
Chromodorididae
Chromodorididae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, colorful, sea slugs; dorid nudibranchs in the superfamily Doridoidea. These are marine gastropod mollusks....
. She has therefore brought back the name Cadlinidae from synonymy with Chromodorididae. The chromodorid nudibranchs without Cadlina are now monophyletic and turn out to be a possible sister to the family Actinocyclidae
Actinocyclidae
Actinocyclidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea.-Taxonomy :Genera within the family Actinocyclidae include:...
.
Genera
Genera within the family Chromodorididae include:- ArdeadorisArdeadorisArdeadoris is a genus of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :This genus includes the following species:* Ardeadoris egretta Rudman, 1984...
RudmanWilliam B. RudmanDr. William B. Rudman, usually known as Bill Rudman , from New Zealand and Australia, is a biologist, a researcher who studies molluscs, in other words, a malacologist...
, 1984 - Berlanguella Ortea, Bacallado & Valdés, 1992
- CadlinellaCadlinellaCadlinella is a genus of colorful sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae...
Thiele, 1931 - CeratosomaCeratosomaCeratosoma is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.This nudibranch genus is not to be confused with the muricid gastropod genus Ceratostoma.- Species :...
J. E. Gray and M. E. Gray, 1850 - ChromodorisChromodorisChromodoris is a genus of very colorful sea slugs or dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae. -Species:Species in the genus Chromodoris include:* Chromodoris africana Eliot, 1904* Chromodoris aila Er...
Alder and Hacock, 1855 - the type genusType genusIn biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological... - DigidentisDigidentisDigidentis is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Digidentis include:* Digidentis kulonba Burn, 1966...
RudmanWilliam B. RudmanDr. William B. Rudman, usually known as Bill Rudman , from New Zealand and Australia, is a biologist, a researcher who studies molluscs, in other words, a malacologist...
, 1984 - DiversidorisDiversidorisDiversidoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Diversidoris include:* Diversidoris aurantionodulosa Rudman, 1987...
RudmanWilliam B. RudmanDr. William B. Rudman, usually known as Bill Rudman , from New Zealand and Australia, is a biologist, a researcher who studies molluscs, in other words, a malacologist...
, 1987 - DurvilledorisDurvilledorisDurvilledoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Durvilledoris include:* Durvilledoris albofimbria Rudman, 1995...
RudmanWilliam B. RudmanDr. William B. Rudman, usually known as Bill Rudman , from New Zealand and Australia, is a biologist, a researcher who studies molluscs, in other words, a malacologist...
, 1984 - GlossodorisGlossodorisGlossodoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Glossodoris include: * Glossodoris aeruginosa Rudman, 1995...
EhrenbergChristian Gottfried EhrenbergChristian Gottfried Ehrenberg , German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist, was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time.- Early collections :...
, 1831 - HypselodorisHypselodorisHypselodoris is a genus of colorful sea slugs or dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae. -Species:Species in the genus Hyselodoris genus include:* Hypselodoris acriba Marcus & Marcus, 1967...
Stimpson, 1855 - MexichromisMexichromisMexichromis is a genus of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Mexichromis include:* Mexichromis amalguae Gosliner & Bertsch, 1988...
Bertsch, 1977 - NoumeaNoumea (gastropod)Noumea is a genus of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Noumea include:* Noumea alboannulata Rudman, 1986...
Risbec, 1928 - PectenodorisPectenodorisPectenodoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Pectenodoris include:* Pectenodoris aurora Johnson & Gosliner, 1998...
RudmanWilliam B. RudmanDr. William B. Rudman, usually known as Bill Rudman , from New Zealand and Australia, is a biologist, a researcher who studies molluscs, in other words, a malacologist...
, 1984 - RisbeciaRisbeciaRisbecia is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae. - Species :Species in the genus Risbecia include: * Risbecia ghardaqana...
Odhner, 1934 - ThorunnaThorunnaThorunna is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Thorunna include:* Thorunna africana Rudman, 1984* Thorunna australis Risbec, 1928...
BerghRudolph BerghRudolph Bergh , full name Ludvig Sophus Rudolph Bergh, was a Danish physician and malacologist. He worked in Copenhagen....
, 1878 - TyrinnaTyrinnaTyrinna is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.- Species :Species in the genus Tyrinna include:* Tyrinna evelinae Marcus, 1958* Tyrinna nobilis Bergh, 1898...
BerghRudolph BerghRudolph Bergh , full name Ludvig Sophus Rudolph Bergh, was a Danish physician and malacologist. He worked in Copenhagen....
, 1898 - VerconiaVerconiaVerconia is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae. Its host sponges are darwinella and dendrilla.- Species :Species in the genus Verconia include:...
Pruvot-FolAlice Pruvot-FolAlice Pruvot-Fol was a French opisthobranch malacologist.She was the author of many new species, mostly described on the basis of preserved animals....
, 1931
Genera brought into synonymy :
- Actinodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 : synonym of Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
- Babaina Odhner in Franc, 1968 : synonym of Thorunna Bergh, 1878
- Casella H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
- Chromolaichma Bertsch, 1977 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
- Crepidodoris Pagenstecher, 1877 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
- Doriprismatica D'Orbigny, 1839 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
- Felimare Marcus & Marcus, 1967 : synonym of Hypselodoris Stimpson, 1855
- Felimida Marcus, 1971 : synonym of Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
- Goniobranchus Pease, 1866 : synonym of Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
- Jeanrisbecia Franc, 1968 : synonym of Risbecia Odhner, 1934
- Lissodoris Odhner, 1934 : synonym of Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
- Orodoris Bergh, 1875 : synonym of Ceratosoma Gray, 1850
- Pterodoris Ehrenbegh, 1831 : synonym of Hypselodoris Stimpson, 1855
- Rosodoris Pruvot-Fol, 1954 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831