Chongqing Metro
Encyclopedia
The Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) also known as Chongqing Metro, is a metro
system in Chongqing
, China
that has been in operation since 2005. CRT serves transportation needs in the city's main business and entertainment downtown areas. It is one of only two urban-rail
metro systems in operation in the west of China, the other being Chengdu Metro
, which opened in 2010.
As of September 2011, CRT consisted of three operating lines, Line 1, a conventional heavy-rail subway, Line 3, and Line 2; a "first of its kind heavy-monorail
" in China
whose technology is shared with Line 3. Line 2 runs through three administrative districts in the central city (Yuzhong
, Jiulongpo
, and Dadukou
). Line 1 serves as the system's backbone connecting Chongqing's most densely populated areas and Central Business Districts; Jeifangbei, Daping, and Shapingba.
CRT has a total track length of 35.55 km in operation. Line 3, which recently had a soft opening in September 2011, is expected full operation in a few months. Line 3 connects Chongqingbei (North) Intercity-Rail Station in Yubei District to Guanyinqiao CBD in Jiangbei District to central Yuzhong (Caiyuanba 'central' Rail station) to NanPing CBD in Nan'an District.
The whole system of Chongqing Rail Transit will eventually consist of 18 lines.
in China and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation
had also provided part of the funding of the project. Construction of the Chongqing Rail Transit has been carried out in cooperation between Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd.
and Hitachi Monorail
, making use of advanced Japanese monorail
technology. Construction on Line 2 began in 1999
, and it was officially opened to service in June 2005
from Jiaochangkou (Jiefangbei CBD) to Dongwuyuan Chongqing Zoo. An extension between Dongwuyuan and Xinshancun opened in July 2006
.
Line 1 is the system's first conventional subway running in a deep bore tunnel below Yuzhong and Shapingba Districts. The only other line planned to be conventional subway at this point is Line 6, which is under construction. Line 6 will connect the city's other main central business districts of NanPing in Nan'an District and Jiangbei's Guanyinqiao CBD to Jiefangbei CBD.
The monorail systems employs vehicles with strong climbing capabilities and but have heavy rail capacity which can transport 30,000 passengers per hour per direction
. Line 2, for example, is for the most part elevated above streets, although a 2.2 km section is underground, including 3 of its 18 stations in the Jeifangbei CBD and Daping downtown areas in densely populated Yuzhong District. In 2010, Line 2 delivered 45 million rides..
To keep up with demand, construction is under way on extensions to Line 1, Line 2, and Line 3, whose primary route is currently under trials. With the recent opening of Line 3 and the pending opening of Line 6 in 2012, all of the core urban area of the city will be accessible by the CRT.
line and the second completed in Western China. Passenger capacity of the line is 36,000 passengers/hour/direction.
In 1992, the Chongqing government had signed a Build-Operate-Transfer
in 1992 with a Hong Kong
company, and provided the land for the project, but work ceased in 1997 due to legal issues. Work resumed on the first stretch of the line (from Chaotianmen to Shapingba) on 9 June 2007, and opened to limited operation on July 28. An extension from Shapingba to University Town began in 2009 and is scheduled to be opened in 2013.
Line 1 has 14 stations, including from east to west: Chaotianmen, Xiaoshizi, Jiaochangkou, Qixinggang, Lianglukou, Eling, Daping, Shiyoulu, Xietaizi, Shiqiaopu, Gaomiaocun, Majiayan, Xiaolongkan, and Shapingba stations. Lieshimu, Ciqikou, Shuangpingnan, Shuangpingbei, Laijiaqiao, Tuzhu, Huxi, Daxuecheng (University Town), and Jiandingpo stations are scheduled to open in 2013 once the Phase 2 extension of Line 1 is complete.
Line 1 has transfer interchange stations with Line 2 at Jiaochangkou in Jeifangbei CBD and at Daping. Line 1 has a transfer station with Line 3 at Lianglukou, near the Chongqing Rail Station in the Caiyuanba section of central Yuzhong.
Current stations, from northeast to southwest, include Jiaochangkou, Linjiangmen, Huanghuayuan, Daxigou, Zengjiayan, Niujiaotuo, Liziba, Fortuguan, Daping, Yuanjiagang, Xiejiawan, Yangjiaping, Dongwuyuan, Dayancun, Mawangchang, Ping'an, Dadukuo, and Xinshancun.
rivers. Phase one is from Ertang to CQ North Railway Station and Phase Two is from CQ North Railway Station to Jiangbei International Airport. Part of Phase One and Part of Phase Two, from Lianglukou to Yuyang was opened to the public on September 27, 2011. This part is over 21 km long, and has 18 stations, five of which will be underground. Most trains on this line consists of 6 carriages per train, bigger than on the older Line 2 monorail.
Current stations of Line 3 include, from south to north, Ertang, Liugongli, Wugongli, Sigongli, Nanping, Gongmao, Tongyuanju, Lianglukou, Niujiaotuo, Huaxinjie, Guanyinqiao, Hongqihegou, Xinpaifang, Zhengjiayuanzi, Tangjiayuanzi, Shiziping, Huocheke, and Longtousi. There are interchange stations in central Yuzhong district for transfer with Line 1 at Lianglukou (Caiyuanba Intercity Rail/Bus Station), and with Line 2 at Niujiaotuo.
The whole line of Line Ⅲ, from Ertang to Jiangbei International Airport will be in use at the end of 2011.
Rapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...
system in Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
, China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
that has been in operation since 2005. CRT serves transportation needs in the city's main business and entertainment downtown areas. It is one of only two urban-rail
Rapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...
metro systems in operation in the west of China, the other being Chengdu Metro
Chengdu Metro
Chengdu Metro, commonly known as Metro in Chengdu, is a metro system in Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province in China. It has one line, Line 1, which was constructed between December 2005 and 2010 . It is operated by Chengdu Metro Limited Liability Company...
, which opened in 2010.
As of September 2011, CRT consisted of three operating lines, Line 1, a conventional heavy-rail subway, Line 3, and Line 2; a "first of its kind heavy-monorail
Monorail
A monorail is a rail-based transportation system based on a single rail, which acts as its sole support and its guideway. The term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system, or the vehicles traveling on such a beam or track...
" in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
whose technology is shared with Line 3. Line 2 runs through three administrative districts in the central city (Yuzhong
Yuzhong District
Yuzhong District is the central district and heart of Chongqing municipality. It is the capital of the municipality and is also the political, economical, and entertainment center of the city of Chongqing...
, Jiulongpo
Jiulongpo District
Jiulongpo is a district belonging to Chongqing. Its total population is around 675,000, while its urban city population is nearly 650,000 .-Location:...
, and Dadukou
Dadukou District
Dadukou District a district of Chongqing municipality.Dadukou is an industrialised district where the Chongqing Iron & Steel Company Limited is based. Most of the facilities, including school, hospitals, shopping-malls, etc. are organised around Chong Gang.-References:...
). Line 1 serves as the system's backbone connecting Chongqing's most densely populated areas and Central Business Districts; Jeifangbei, Daping, and Shapingba.
CRT has a total track length of 35.55 km in operation. Line 3, which recently had a soft opening in September 2011, is expected full operation in a few months. Line 3 connects Chongqingbei (North) Intercity-Rail Station in Yubei District to Guanyinqiao CBD in Jiangbei District to central Yuzhong (Caiyuanba 'central' Rail station) to NanPing CBD in Nan'an District.
The whole system of Chongqing Rail Transit will eventually consist of 18 lines.
History
The Chongqing Rail Transit is part of the central government's project to develop the Western regionsChina Western Development
China Western Development , also China's Western Development, Western China Development, Great Western Development Strategy, or the Open Up the West Program is a policy adopted by the People's Republic of China to boost its less developed western regions.The policy covers 6 provinces , 5 autonomous...
in China and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation
Japan Bank for International Cooperation
The , also known by its acronym, JBIC, is a Japanese public financial institution and export credit agency, and was created on October 1, 1999, through the merging of the Japan Export-Import Bank and the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund ....
had also provided part of the funding of the project. Construction of the Chongqing Rail Transit has been carried out in cooperation between Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd.
Changchun Car Company
Changchun Railway Vehicles Company Ltd. is a Chinese rolling stock manufacturer under China CNR Corporation. While the CRV emerged in 2002, the company's roots date back to the establishment of the Changchun Car Company in 1954....
and Hitachi Monorail
Hitachi Monorail
The Hitachi Monorail System refers to the family of monorails offered by Hitachi, Ltd.-List of notable Hitachi monorails:Hitachi's designs are ALWEG-based, and are available in three configurations:-Large:*Kitakyushu monorail, opened 1984...
, making use of advanced Japanese monorail
Monorails in Japan
-Currently operational:*Chiba Urban Monorail : Chiba, Chiba, 1988.*Disney Resort Line: Urayasu, Chiba, 2001.*Kitakyūshū Monorail: Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, 1985.*Okinawa Monorail : Naha, Okinawa, 2003....
technology. Construction on Line 2 began in 1999
1999 in rail transport
-January events:* January 15 – The Harbour Island People Mover ends service between Downtown Tampa and Harbour Island in Tampa, Florida, United States....
, and it was officially opened to service in June 2005
2005 in rail transport
- January events : January 6 – Graniteville train disaster – A Norfolk Southern train carrying a few carloads of hazardous materials collides with a parked train in Graniteville, South Carolina, causing the deaths of 9 people and the injury of over 250 more...
from Jiaochangkou (Jiefangbei CBD) to Dongwuyuan Chongqing Zoo. An extension between Dongwuyuan and Xinshancun opened in July 2006
2006 in rail transport
- January events : January 5 – Railway workers across India begin voting on whether or not to hold a strike against Indian Railways in February. The union's demands center around pay scales, pensions, and private investment into the railway...
.
Network
CRT is a unique metro system in China in that most lines use heavy monorail technology. Due to Chongqing's surrounding geography as a hilly, multiple-river city, it is not feasible to construct an all-heavy rail tunnel system given the depths of some many of the stations as one transports through the network. For this reason, only two lines are planned to be heavy-rail while all others are planned to be straddle-beam monorail using heavy vehicles.Line 1 is the system's first conventional subway running in a deep bore tunnel below Yuzhong and Shapingba Districts. The only other line planned to be conventional subway at this point is Line 6, which is under construction. Line 6 will connect the city's other main central business districts of NanPing in Nan'an District and Jiangbei's Guanyinqiao CBD to Jiefangbei CBD.
The monorail systems employs vehicles with strong climbing capabilities and but have heavy rail capacity which can transport 30,000 passengers per hour per direction
Passengers per hour per direction
Passengers per hour per direction or passengers per hour in peak direction is a transport-related term used to describe the capacity of a rapid transit or public transport system.-Directional flow:...
. Line 2, for example, is for the most part elevated above streets, although a 2.2 km section is underground, including 3 of its 18 stations in the Jeifangbei CBD and Daping downtown areas in densely populated Yuzhong District. In 2010, Line 2 delivered 45 million rides..
To keep up with demand, construction is under way on extensions to Line 1, Line 2, and Line 3, whose primary route is currently under trials. With the recent opening of Line 3 and the pending opening of Line 6 in 2012, all of the core urban area of the city will be accessible by the CRT.
| |
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Extension |
in km |
|
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| Line 1 Line 1, Chongqing Rail Transit Line 1 of Chongqing Rail Transit runs westward from Chaotianmen to Shapingba. Line 1 begin operation on 28 July 2011.Line 1 runs 16.4 km from Chaotianmen in downtown Chongqing west to Shapingba, and eventually all the way to Shuangbei for a total length of 22.41 km. It is the city's first... |
Chaotianmen | Shapingba | 2011 | — | 16.40 | 14 |
| Line 2 Line 2, Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 of Chongqing Rail Transit runs southeastward from Jiaochangkou to Xinshancun. Line 2 begin operation on 18 June 2005 and it was expanded in 1 June 2006 from Dongwuyuan to Xinshancun.... |
Jiaochangkou | Xinshancun | 2005 | 2006 | 16.50 | 15 |
| Line 3 Line 3, Chongqing Rail Transit Line 3, Chongqing Rail TransitChongqing Rail Transit Line 3 runs from north to south, linking the districts separated by Chongqing's two main rivers, the Yangtze and Jialing rivers. The first phase of the line began construction on 5 April 2007, and as of late September 2011 is currently under... |
Lianglukou | Changfu | 2011 | — | 18.15 | 18 |
Line 1
Line 1 runs 16.4 km from Chaotianmen in downtown Chongqing west to Shapingba, and eventually all the way to Shuangbei for a total length of 22.41 km. It is the city's first all-heavy rail subwayRapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...
line and the second completed in Western China. Passenger capacity of the line is 36,000 passengers/hour/direction.
In 1992, the Chongqing government had signed a Build-Operate-Transfer
Build-Operate-Transfer
Build-own-operate-transfer or build-operate-transfer is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the private or public sector to finance, design, construct, and operate a facility stated in the concession contract...
in 1992 with a Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
company, and provided the land for the project, but work ceased in 1997 due to legal issues. Work resumed on the first stretch of the line (from Chaotianmen to Shapingba) on 9 June 2007, and opened to limited operation on July 28. An extension from Shapingba to University Town began in 2009 and is scheduled to be opened in 2013.
Line 1 has 14 stations, including from east to west: Chaotianmen, Xiaoshizi, Jiaochangkou, Qixinggang, Lianglukou, Eling, Daping, Shiyoulu, Xietaizi, Shiqiaopu, Gaomiaocun, Majiayan, Xiaolongkan, and Shapingba stations. Lieshimu, Ciqikou, Shuangpingnan, Shuangpingbei, Laijiaqiao, Tuzhu, Huxi, Daxuecheng (University Town), and Jiandingpo stations are scheduled to open in 2013 once the Phase 2 extension of Line 1 is complete.
Line 1 has transfer interchange stations with Line 2 at Jiaochangkou in Jeifangbei CBD and at Daping. Line 1 has a transfer station with Line 3 at Lianglukou, near the Chongqing Rail Station in the Caiyuanba section of central Yuzhong.
Line 2
Line 2, which currently runs 19.15 km and services 18 stations, begins as a subway under downtown Jeifangbei, then runs west along the southern bank of the Jialing River on an elevated line, and then turns south into the city's southwestern inner suburbs, terminating in Dadukou district. Aside from Jeifangbei, Line 2 runs through Daping CBD and Yingjiaping CBD in Jiulongpo District and the Chongqing City Zoo at Dongwuyuan Station. A 6.2-kilometer extension of Line 2 into Ba'nan is currently under construction. Most trains consist of four carriages per train on this line.Current stations, from northeast to southwest, include Jiaochangkou, Linjiangmen, Huanghuayuan, Daxigou, Zengjiayan, Niujiaotuo, Liziba, Fortuguan, Daping, Yuanjiagang, Xiejiawan, Yangjiaping, Dongwuyuan, Dayancun, Mawangchang, Ping'an, Dadukuo, and Xinshancun.
Line 3
Line 3 runs from north to south, linking the districts separated by Chongqing's two main rivers, the Yangtze (Chang Jiang) and JialingJialing River
The Jialing River is a tributary of the Yangtze River with its source in Gansu province. It gets its name from its crossing the Jialing Vale in Feng County of Shaanxi. It was once known as Langshui or Yushui .-Overview:...
rivers. Phase one is from Ertang to CQ North Railway Station and Phase Two is from CQ North Railway Station to Jiangbei International Airport. Part of Phase One and Part of Phase Two, from Lianglukou to Yuyang was opened to the public on September 27, 2011. This part is over 21 km long, and has 18 stations, five of which will be underground. Most trains on this line consists of 6 carriages per train, bigger than on the older Line 2 monorail.
Current stations of Line 3 include, from south to north, Ertang, Liugongli, Wugongli, Sigongli, Nanping, Gongmao, Tongyuanju, Lianglukou, Niujiaotuo, Huaxinjie, Guanyinqiao, Hongqihegou, Xinpaifang, Zhengjiayuanzi, Tangjiayuanzi, Shiziping, Huocheke, and Longtousi. There are interchange stations in central Yuzhong district for transfer with Line 1 at Lianglukou (Caiyuanba Intercity Rail/Bus Station), and with Line 2 at Niujiaotuo.
The whole line of Line Ⅲ, from Ertang to Jiangbei International Airport will be in use at the end of 2011.
Network expansion
Chongqing Rail Transit is currently expected to have 6 lines crisscrossing the urban districts of the city by 2015, in addition to one loop line connecting them. However, in addition to the extensions to Line 1, Line 2, and Line 3, only one new line was currently under construction as of mid-circa 2011.Lines Under Construction
| Planned Open Date | Route | Name | Terminals | Length(km) | Stations | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Line 6 Line 6, Chongqing Rail Transit CRT Line 6 will be the second heavy-rail subway and is currently under-construction. It is scheduled to open in late 2012 and will connect Nan'An, Yuzhong, and Jiangbei districts in central Chongqing.... |
Phase I | Lijia | Shangxin Jie | 23.55 | 16 | under construction | |
| 2014 | Line 3 Line 3, Chongqing Rail Transit Line 3, Chongqing Rail TransitChongqing Rail Transit Line 3 runs from north to south, linking the districts separated by Chongqing's two main rivers, the Yangtze and Jialing rivers. The first phase of the line began construction on 5 April 2007, and as of late September 2011 is currently under... |
Phase III | Ertang | Yudong | 26.01 | 12 | Phase III under construction |
Line 6
Line 6 will be the second heavy-rail subway and is currently under-construction. It is scheduled to open in late 2012 and will connect Nan'an, Yuzhong, and Jiangbei districts in central Chongqing.Future lines
| Planned Open Date | Route | Name | Terminals | Length(km) | Stations | Status | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Time table | Line 4 | Chongqing West Railway Station | International Western Region Panda Convention Center |
26 | proposed | ||||
| Line 5 | Jijiang | Danzishi | 32 | planned | |||||
| Line 7 | Qingmuguan | Jiulong Garden District | 15 | planned | |||||
| Line 8 | Jieshi | Yuzuibei | ~13 | proposed | |||||
| Line 9 | Shapingba | Liangjing | ~17 | planned | |||||
| Line 10/Airport Express | Jiangbei Airport T3 | CQ North Railway Station | 4 | Proposed | |||||
| Line 11 | Tiaoding | Tudibao | ~18 | planned | |||||
| Line 12 | Jiangjin | Xiyong | 7 | planned | |||||
| Line 13 | Higher Education Mega Center | International Western Region Panda Convention Center |
5 | planned | |||||
| Line 14 | Longxing | Yulin | 4 | planned | |||||
| Line 15 | Chongqing North Railway Station | Fusheng | 6 | planned | |||||
| Line 16 | Fusheng | Shuangbeibei | 10 | planned | |||||
| Line 17 | Lujiaonan | Baishiyi | 10 | planned | |||||
| Circle line | Chongqing West Railway Station | Chongqing West Railway Station | 31 | planned | express line |
See also
- List of metro systems
- List of monorail systems
- Metro systems by annual passenger ridesMetro systems by annual passenger ridesThe most-used metro systems in terms of passenger rides per year:# Tokyo Subway 3.161 billion # Moscow Metro 2.348 billion # Seoul Subway 2.048 billion...