Camille Le Mercier d'Erm
Encyclopedia
Camille Le Mercier d'Erm (1888 in Rennes
- 1978 in Dinard
) was a French poet, historian and Breton nationalist. He later adopted the neo-Bardic name Kammermor. He is also known as Kamil Ar Merser 'Erm, the Breton language
form of his name. His work as a poet and historian is marked by nationalist claims and calls to rebellion against the French state on the model of Irish nationalism
.
He was the grandson of a Chouan
officer. He was based in Paris when in 1909 he published his first collections of poetry. The same year, in the Revue de l’Ouest, he wrote "Traditionalism and separatism", an article advocating separatist politics in defence of cultural tradition. His proposals caused a sensation. He was the principal founder of the Breton Nationalist Party
in 1911, and was arrested when the party launched a protest in the same year at the official opening of a monument to the unity of Brittany and France. Le Mercier d'Erm also founded the activist journal Breiz Dishual (Free Brittany).
The party and journal folded in 1914 on the outbreak of World War I
. Immediately after the war, Le Mercier d'Erm helped to found a replacement journal, Breiz Atao
(Brittany Forever), which was created in 1919. He also continued to play a leading role among young Breton nationalist activists between the wars. He launched the newspaper La Bretagne libertaire in 1921, with the article "La Nation bretonne et l’Internationale" (The Breton nation and the Internationale). In 1941 on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the Breton Nationalist Party, the newly formed Breton National Party
(a different organisation) organised a heartfelt tribute to Le Mercier d'Erm, as a pioneer of Breton nationalism.
Rennes
Rennes is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department.-History:...
- 1978 in Dinard
Dinard
Dinard is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in north-western France.Dinard is on the Côte d'Émeraude of Brittany. Its beaches and mild climate make it a popular holiday destination, and this has resulted in the town having a variety of famous visitors and residents...
) was a French poet, historian and Breton nationalist. He later adopted the neo-Bardic name Kammermor. He is also known as Kamil Ar Merser 'Erm, the Breton language
Breton language
Breton is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany , France. Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages. Like the other Brythonic languages, Welsh and Cornish, it is classified as...
form of his name. His work as a poet and historian is marked by nationalist claims and calls to rebellion against the French state on the model of Irish nationalism
Irish nationalism
Irish nationalism manifests itself in political and social movements and in sentiment inspired by a love for Irish culture, language and history, and as a sense of pride in Ireland and in the Irish people...
.
He was the grandson of a Chouan
Chouan
Chouan is a French surname. It was used as a nom de guerre by the Chouan brothers, most notably Jean Cottereau, better known as Jean Chouan, who led a major revolt in Bas-Maine against the French Revolution...
officer. He was based in Paris when in 1909 he published his first collections of poetry. The same year, in the Revue de l’Ouest, he wrote "Traditionalism and separatism", an article advocating separatist politics in defence of cultural tradition. His proposals caused a sensation. He was the principal founder of the Breton Nationalist Party
Breton Nationalist Party
The Breton Nationalist Party was a French political party that advocated independence for Brittany. It existed from 1911 to 1914.-Origins:...
in 1911, and was arrested when the party launched a protest in the same year at the official opening of a monument to the unity of Brittany and France. Le Mercier d'Erm also founded the activist journal Breiz Dishual (Free Brittany).
The party and journal folded in 1914 on the outbreak of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. Immediately after the war, Le Mercier d'Erm helped to found a replacement journal, Breiz Atao
Breiz Atao
Breiz Atao , was a Breton nationalist journal in the mid-twentieth century. The term is also used for the broader movement associated with the journal's political position....
(Brittany Forever), which was created in 1919. He also continued to play a leading role among young Breton nationalist activists between the wars. He launched the newspaper La Bretagne libertaire in 1921, with the article "La Nation bretonne et l’Internationale" (The Breton nation and the Internationale). In 1941 on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the Breton Nationalist Party, the newly formed Breton National Party
Breton National Party
The Breton National Party was a nationalist party in Brittany that existed from 1931 to 1944. The party was disbanded after the liberation of France in World War II, because of ties to the Nazi party....
(a different organisation) organised a heartfelt tribute to Le Mercier d'Erm, as a pioneer of Breton nationalism.
Publications
- Le poème de Paris nocturne - Ed. Les Gémeaux. 1909.
- La Muse aux violettes - Ed. Sansot. 1909.
- Les exils - Ed. Sansot. 1909.
- Les poètes de Paris - Ed. Louis Michaud. 1911.
- Les ballades d'amour - Ed. Louis Michaud. 1912.
- Les rondeaux d'amour - Ed. Louis Michaud. 1912.
- Défense et illustration de la langue bretonne. Les éléments d'une littérature nationale. Edition du Parti Nationaliste Breton - s.l., Imprimerie Breiz Dishual. 1913.
- Le barde Mathaliz (Georges Le Rumeur): membre du gorsedd de Bretagne-armorique [...] Edition du Parti Nationaliste Breton, 1913.
- La question bretonne, le nationalisme et l'action française Edition du Parti Nationaliste Breton, 1913. Rennes, Imprimerie du Journal de Rennes
- Bretagne et Germanie - Ed. de l'Hermine. 1914.
- Les origines du nationalisme breton. Edition du Parti Nationaliste Breton, 1914.
- Jean-Michel Renaitour - Aviateur lyrique - Ed. Les Argonautes. 1917.
- Irlande à jamais, odes aux martyrs de 1916. Edition du Parti Nationaliste Breton - s.l. , Imprimerie Artistique de l'Ouest , NiortNiortNiort is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.The Latin name of the city was Novioritum.The population of Niort is 60,486 and more than 137,000 people live in the urban area....
. 1919 - La Guerre ? - Ed. Les Argonautes. 1919.
- Les bardes et poètes nationaux de la Bretagne armoricaine. Kelenn. 1919.
- Les hymnes nationaux des peuples celtiques - Ed. A l'Enseigne de l'Hermine. 1920.
- La Bretagne vue par les écrivains et les artistes - Ed. Vald. Rasmussen. 1925.
- La chanson des siècles bretons. Bilingue Breton-Français. Poems and popular songs inspired by the historical traditions of the Breton people presented with bibliographical notices and critiques, music and French translations. DinardDinardDinard is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in north-western France.Dinard is on the Côte d'Émeraude of Brittany. Its beaches and mild climate make it a popular holiday destination, and this has resulted in the town having a variety of famous visitors and residents...
, à l'Enseigne de l'hermine, 1926 - Buez ar pevar mab emon. Duc d'Ordon. Laket e form eun dragedi. Seizvet moulladur embannet gant. Dinard, A l'enseigne de l'Hermine, 1928.
- La France pittoresque et artistique la Bretagne suivie d'un guide. Rasmussen, 1929.
- Les Saints Bretons de la côte d'Emeraude - Ed. de l'Hermine. 1934.
- L'Etrange Aventure de l'Armée de Bretagne, le Drame du Camp de Conlie et du Mans. 1939.
- Sang d'occident - Ed. de l'Hermine. 1965.
- Patrie perdue - Ed. de l'Hermine. 1973.
- Une Armée de Chouans - Ed. Perrin. 1975.
- Marcelle au Luxembourg - Ed. de L'Hermine. 1976.
- Eternités - Ed. de l'Hermine. 1978.