Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania
Encyclopedia
Cambridge Springs is a borough in Crawford County
, Pennsylvania
, United States
. The population was 2,363 at the 2000 census.
, Massachusetts
. It was incorporated into the borough
of Cambridgeboro on April 3, 1866.
In the late nineteenth century, Cambridgeboro was known for its mineral springs
. The discovery of the springs eventually led to renaming of borough to Cambridge Springs on April 1, 1897. It was a resort town featuring a variety of hotels including the Rider Hotel, which burned down in 1931. Only one of these hotels, the Riverside Inn
, remains in active use today and has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places
since 1978.
In 1904, the Rider Hotel in Cambridge Springs was the site of a famous chess
tournament won by Frank Marshall ahead of World Champion
Emanuel Lasker
and fourteen other players. A variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined
opening
played several times there is today known as the Cambridge Springs Defense (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5 in algebraic notation
).
From 1912 to 1987 it was home to Alliance College
. In 1912 United States President William Howard Taft traveled to Cambridge Springs for the dedication.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the borough has a total area of 0.872 square miles (2.3 km²), all of it land.
was 2975.9 PD/sqmi. There were 741 housing units at an average density of 857.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the borough was 84.9 percent White, 12.8 percent African American, 0.3 percent Native American, 0.3 percent Asian, 0.9 percent from other races
, and 0.7 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5 percent of the population.
There were 675 households out of which 21.7 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7 percent were married couples
living together, 19.0 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4 percent were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the borough the population was spread out with 19.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 40.9% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 54.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 46.4 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $31,957, and the median income for a family was $39,196. Males had a median income of $31,146 versus $22,350 for females. The per capita income
for the borough was $12,863. About 8.7% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.
Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of 2010, the population was 88,765.Crawford County was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named for Colonel William Crawford...
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 2,363 at the 2000 census.
History
The village of Cambridge was settled in 1822 and was named for the town of CambridgeCambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...
, Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
. It was incorporated into the borough
Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough is a self-governing municipal entity that is usually smaller than a city. There are 958 boroughs in Pennsylvania. All municipalities in Pennsylvania are classified as either cities, boroughs, or townships...
of Cambridgeboro on April 3, 1866.
In the late nineteenth century, Cambridgeboro was known for its mineral springs
Mineral Springs
Mineral Springs is the name of several locations in the United States:* Mineral Springs, Arkansas* Mineral Springs, North Carolina* Mineral Springs Township, North Dakota* Mineral Springs at Green Springs, Ohio...
. The discovery of the springs eventually led to renaming of borough to Cambridge Springs on April 1, 1897. It was a resort town featuring a variety of hotels including the Rider Hotel, which burned down in 1931. Only one of these hotels, the Riverside Inn
Riverside Inn (Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania)
The Riverside Inn is a hotel and dinner theater in Cambridge Springs, Crawford County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Built in the late-1880s at the height of the mineral springs craze in the United States, it was operated as a resort for vacationers heading to the nearby springs that gave...
, remains in active use today and has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
since 1978.
In 1904, the Rider Hotel in Cambridge Springs was the site of a famous chess
Chess
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...
tournament won by Frank Marshall ahead of World Champion
World Chess Championship
The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the board game chess. Men and women of any age are eligible to contest this title....
Emanuel Lasker
Emanuel Lasker
Emanuel Lasker was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years...
and fourteen other players. A variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined
Queen's Gambit Declined
The Queen's Gambit Declined is a chess opening in which Black declines a pawn offered by White in the Queen's Gambit:This is known as the Orthodox Line of the Queen's Gambit Declined...
opening
Chess opening
A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a chess game. Recognized sequences of opening moves are referred to as openings as initiated by White or defenses, as created in reply by Black. There are many dozens of different openings, and hundreds of named variants. The Oxford Companion to...
played several times there is today known as the Cambridge Springs Defense (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5 in algebraic notation
Algebraic chess notation
Algebraic notation is a method for recording and describing the moves in a game of chess. It is now standard among all chess organizations and most books, magazines, and newspapers...
).
From 1912 to 1987 it was home to Alliance College
Alliance College
Alliance College was an independent, liberal arts college located in Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania, offering a special program in Polish and Slavic languages . From 1948 until its closing in 1987, the college was an accredited four-year co-educational liberal arts institution...
. In 1912 United States President William Howard Taft traveled to Cambridge Springs for the dedication.
Geography
Cambridge Springs is located at 41°48′8"N 80°3′33"W (41.802324, -80.059174).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the borough has a total area of 0.872 square miles (2.3 km²), all of it land.
Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,595 people, 675 households, and 484 families residing in the borough. The population densityPopulation density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 2975.9 PD/sqmi. There were 741 housing units at an average density of 857.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the borough was 84.9 percent White, 12.8 percent African American, 0.3 percent Native American, 0.3 percent Asian, 0.9 percent from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 0.7 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5 percent of the population.
There were 675 households out of which 21.7 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7 percent were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 19.0 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4 percent were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the borough the population was spread out with 19.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 40.9% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 54.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 46.4 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $31,957, and the median income for a family was $39,196. Males had a median income of $31,146 versus $22,350 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the borough was $12,863. About 8.7% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.
External links
- Cambridge Springs Boro (Crawford County Government)