Bolivian general election, 1978
Encyclopedia
Bolivia
held a general election on 9 July 1978, electing both a new President of the Republic
and a new National Congress
.
The official number of votes surpassed that of registered voters, being at the same time lower than the total sum corresponding to the valid, blank and invalid votes.
After examining a number of allegations of fraud and other irregularities, the Electoral court decided to annul the results (20 July).
UNP – Nationalist Union of the People
(Unión Nacionalista del Pueblo). Electoral alliance formed by
Bolivian Socialist Falange
, FSB (right-wing pro-military faction led by Gaston Moreira Ostria);
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Julio
, MNR-J (pro-military faction led by Rubén Julio Castro);
Authentic Revolutionary Party
, PRA (pro-military faction led by Jorge Ríos Gamarra);
Committee of National Unity
, CUN;
Popular Christian Movement
, MPC;
Revolutionary Left Party, PIR;
Liberal Party
, PL;
Barrientista National Union
, UNB;
Republican Socialist Unity Party
, PURS;
Social Christian Party
, PSC.
UDP – Democratic and Popular Union (Unidad Democratica y Popular). Electoral alliance formed by
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the Left, MNRI;
Communist Party of Bolivia
, PCB;
Revolutionary Left Movement
, MIR;
Tupaj Katari Revolutionary Movement
, MRTK;
Socialist Party
-Guillermo Aponte Burela, PS-Aponte;
Movement of the National Left
, MIN;
Popular Movement for National Liberation
, MPLN;
Alliance of the National Left, ALIN;
Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist-Posadist
, POR-TP;
Organization of Revolutionary Unity
, OUR;
Center for the Study of Natural Resources
, CERNA;
Offensive of the Democratic Left
, OID.
ADRN – Democratic Alliance of National Revolution
(Alianza Democrática de la Revolución Nacional). Electoral alliance formed by
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, MNR (historical faction led by Víctor Paz Estenssoro
) and
Authentic Revolutionary Party
, PRA (historical faction led by Walter Guevara Arce
).
PDC – Christian Democratic Party
.
PRB – Barrientista Revolutionary Party
.
MNRP – Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People
.
FRI – Revolutionary Left Front
(Frente Revolucionario de Izquierda). Electoral alliance formed by
Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left
, PRIN;
Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist), PCML;
Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party
, VCPOR;
Revolutionary Workers' Party
, POR;
Revolutionary Party of the Workers of Bolivia
, PRTB.
MITKA – Indian Movement Tupaj Katari.
PS-1 – Socialist Party-One
.
PRO – Eastern Rural Party
.
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
held a general election on 9 July 1978, electing both a new President of the Republic
President of Bolivia
The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
and a new National Congress
National Congress of Bolivia
The Plurinational Legislative Assembly also known as the National Congress is the national legislature of Bolivia, based in the nation's de facto capital, La Paz....
.
Presidential election results
| Presidential candidates | Candidates for Vice President | Party/Alliance | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juan Pereda Asbún (independent) | Alfredo Franco Guachalla (MNR-J) | UNP | 986,140 | 50.90 |
| Hernán Siles Zuazo Hernán Siles Zuazo Hernán Siles Zuazo was a politician from Bolivia. He served as his country's constitutionally elected president twice, from 1956 to 1960 and again from 1982 to 1985.... (MNRI) |
Edil Sandoval Morón (MNRI) | UDP | 484,383 | 25.00 |
| Víctor Paz Estenssoro Víctor Paz Estenssoro Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro was a politician and president of Bolivia. He ran for president 8 times , winning in 1951, 1960, 1964, and 1985.... (MNR) |
Walter Guevara Arce Wálter Guevara Wálter Guevara Arze was a Bolivian statesman, cabinet minister, writer, diplomat, and, rather briefly, president .-Background and earlier career:... (PRA) |
ADRN | 213,622 | 11.03 |
| René Bernal Escalante (PDC) | Remo Di Natale (PDC) | PDC/PRB | 167,131 | 08.63 |
| Juan Pereda Asbún (independent) | Jaime Arellano Castaneda (MNRP) | MNRP | 40,905 | 02.11 |
| Casiano Amurrio Rocha (PCML) | Domitila Chungara (independent) | FRI | 23,459 | 01.21 |
| Luciano Tapia Quisbert (MITKA) | Isidoro Copa Mayo (MITKA) | MITKA | 12,207 | 00.63 |
| Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz was a noted writer, dramatist, jourmalist, social commentator, university professor, and socialist political leader from Bolivia... (PS-1) |
Carlos Gómez García (PS-1) | PS-1 | 8,323 | 00.43 |
| René Bernal Escalante (PDC) | Remo Di Natale (PDC) | PRO | 1,171 | 00.06 |
| Valid votes | 1,937,341 | 100 | ||
| Invalid votes | 53,330 | |||
| Votes cast | 1,971,968 | |||
| Registered voters | 1,921,556 | |||
| Population | 5,292,497 | |||
The official number of votes surpassed that of registered voters, being at the same time lower than the total sum corresponding to the valid, blank and invalid votes.
After examining a number of allegations of fraud and other irregularities, the Electoral court decided to annul the results (20 July).
UNP – Nationalist Union of the People
Nationalist Union of the People
The Nationalist Union of the People was a right-wing, pro-military electoral political alliance in Bolivia.The UNP was formed in January 1978 by...
(Unión Nacionalista del Pueblo). Electoral alliance formed by
Bolivian Socialist Falange
Bolivian Socialist Falange
The Bolivian Socialist Falange was a Bolivian political party established in the year 1937. A right-wing party drawing inspiration from fascism, it was the country's second-largest party between approximately 1954 and 1974...
, FSB (right-wing pro-military faction led by Gaston Moreira Ostria);
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Julio
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Julio
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Julio was a pro-military political party in Bolivia....
, MNR-J (pro-military faction led by Rubén Julio Castro);
Authentic Revolutionary Party
Authentic Revolutionary Party
The Authentic Revolutionary Party was a right-wing political party in Bolivia.The Authentic Revolutionary Party was founded in 1959 as a faction of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement , the ruling party under the presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro by Wálter Guevara Arze,...
, PRA (pro-military faction led by Jorge Ríos Gamarra);
Committee of National Unity
Committee of National Unity
The Committee of National Unity was a right-wing self-styled "technocratic" organization of moderate conservative business and government leaders in Bolivia....
, CUN;
Popular Christian Movement
Popular Christian Movement
The Popular Christian Movement was fouded by General René Barrientos Ortuño in 1966 after the overthrow on 5 November 1964 of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement government of President Víctor Paz Estenssoro by a military coup under the leadership of René Barrientos and General Alfredo Ovando...
, MPC;
Revolutionary Left Party, PIR;
Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Bolivia)
The Liberal Party was one of two major political parties in Bolivia in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The other was the Conservative Party. The Liberal Party was formally founded in 1883 by Eliodoro Camacho...
, PL;
Barrientista National Union
Barrientista National Union
The Barrientista National Union was a right-wing "Barrientista" political party in Bolivia.The Barrientista National Union was founded by Rolando Pardo Rojas and Eduardo S...
, UNB;
Republican Socialist Unity Party
Republican Socialist Unity Party
The Republican Socialist Unity Party was a political party founded on 10 November, 1946 in Bolivia as the fusion of the Republican Socialist Party, the Genuine Republican Party, the United Socialist Party, and the Independent Socialist Party.The PURS was a last-ditch effort of Bolivia's...
, PURS;
Social Christian Party
Social Christian Party (Bolivia)
The Social Christian Party was a progressive Christian-democratic political party in Bolivia.In 1978 the pro-military group split from the Christian Democratic Party and founded the Social Christian Party...
, PSC.
UDP – Democratic and Popular Union (Unidad Democratica y Popular). Electoral alliance formed by
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the Left, MNRI;
Communist Party of Bolivia
Communist Party of Bolivia
The Communist Party of Bolivia is a communist party in Bolivia. It was founded in 1950 by Raúl Ruiz González and other former members of the Revolutionary Left Party . It remained small and did not hold its first national party congress until 1959....
, PCB;
Revolutionary Left Movement
Revolutionary Left Movement (Bolivia)
The Revolutionary Left Movement - New Majority is a social democratic political party in Bolivia...
, MIR;
Tupaj Katari Revolutionary Movement
Tupaj Katari Revolutionary Movement
The Tupaj Katari Revolutionary Movement is a left-wing political party in Bolivia....
, MRTK;
Socialist Party
Socialist Party (Bolivia, 1971)
The Socialist Party was a left-wing political party in Bolivia.This Socialist Party was established on 1 May 1971 by the merger of three small parties supporting the former military Co-President and the President General Alfredo...
-Guillermo Aponte Burela, PS-Aponte;
Movement of the National Left
Movement of the National Left
The Movement of the National Left was a left-wing political party in Bolivia.In 1978, Luis Sandoval Morón split from the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement and founded the Movement of the National Left...
, MIN;
Popular Movement for National Liberation
Popular Movement for National Liberation
The Popular Movement for National Liberation was a left-wing political party in Bolivia....
, MPLN;
Alliance of the National Left, ALIN;
Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist-Posadist
Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist-Posadist
The Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist-Posadist was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia....
, POR-TP;
Organization of Revolutionary Unity
Organization of Revolutionary Unity
The Organization of Revolutionary Unity was a small left-wing political party in Bolivia....
, OUR;
Center for the Study of Natural Resources
Center for the Study of Natural Resources
The Center for the Study of Natural Resources was a Bolivian environmental organization...
, CERNA;
Offensive of the Democratic Left
Offensive of the Democratic Left
The Offensive of the Democratic Left was a small reform-oriented centrist political party in Bolivia....
, OID.
ADRN – Democratic Alliance of National Revolution
Democratic Alliance of National Revolution
The Democratic Alliance of National Revolution was a centrist electoral political alliance in Bolivia.The ADRN was formed in 1978 by...
(Alianza Democrática de la Revolución Nacional). Electoral alliance formed by
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, MNR (historical faction led by Víctor Paz Estenssoro
Víctor Paz Estenssoro
Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro was a politician and president of Bolivia. He ran for president 8 times , winning in 1951, 1960, 1964, and 1985....
) and
Authentic Revolutionary Party
Authentic Revolutionary Party
The Authentic Revolutionary Party was a right-wing political party in Bolivia.The Authentic Revolutionary Party was founded in 1959 as a faction of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement , the ruling party under the presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro by Wálter Guevara Arze,...
, PRA (historical faction led by Walter Guevara Arce
Wálter Guevara
Wálter Guevara Arze was a Bolivian statesman, cabinet minister, writer, diplomat, and, rather briefly, president .-Background and earlier career:...
).
PDC – Christian Democratic Party
Christian Democratic Party (Bolivia)
The Christian Democratic Party is a progressive Christian-democratic political party in Bolivia....
.
PRB – Barrientista Revolutionary Party
Barrientista Revolutionary Party
The Barrientista Revolutionary Party was a right-wing "Barrientista" political party in Bolivia....
.
MNRP – Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People
The Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People was founded in April 1965 by Jaime Arellano Castañeda following a split in the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement...
.
FRI – Revolutionary Left Front
Revolutionary Left Front
-Foundation:FRI was formed at a national conference of leftwing forces, held in La Paz April 23, 1978. The meeting was organized by an initiative committee . The founding of FRI in April 1978 was a formalization of an already existing informal cooperation between different political groups...
(Frente Revolucionario de Izquierda). Electoral alliance formed by
Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left
Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left
The Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left was a left-wing political party in Bolivia. It was founded in 1963 by the labor leader Juan Lechín Oquendo and by Mario Torres Calleja and Edwin Moller in lesser roles...
, PRIN;
Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist), PCML;
Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party
Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party
The Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia....
, VCPOR;
Revolutionary Workers' Party
Revolutionary Workers' Party (Bolivia)
The Revolutionary Workers' Party is a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. At its height in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the POR was one of the few Trotskyist parties in history to gain a mass working-class following.-Beginnings:...
, POR;
Revolutionary Party of the Workers of Bolivia
Revolutionary Party of the Workers of Bolivia
The Revolutionary Party of the Workers of Bolivia was a political party in Bolivia, formed in 1972 as the political wing of the National Liberation Army . PRTB was later move away from the foquismo line of ELN. PRTB published El proletario....
, PRTB.
MITKA – Indian Movement Tupaj Katari.
PS-1 – Socialist Party-One
Socialist Party (Bolivia, 1971)
The Socialist Party was a left-wing political party in Bolivia.This Socialist Party was established on 1 May 1971 by the merger of three small parties supporting the former military Co-President and the President General Alfredo...
.
PRO – Eastern Rural Party
Eastern Rural Party
The Eastern Rural Party was a small right-wing political party in Bolivia.The Eastern Rural Party was established in 1978 by a large landowner Víctor Hugones....
.