Biomimetics
Encyclopedia
Biomimetics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems as models for the design and engineering of materials and machines. It is widely regarded as being synonymous with biomimicry
, biomimesis, biognosis and similar to biologically inspired design.
Biomimetics was coined by the American biophysicist and polymath
Otto Schmitt
during the 1950s. It was during his doctoral research that he developed the Schmitt trigger by studying the nerves in squid, attempting to engineer a device that replicated the biological system of nerve propagation. He continued to focus on devices that mimic natural systems and by 1957 he had perceived a converse to the standard view of biophysics at that time, a view he would come to call biomimetics.
A similar term, 'Bionics
' was coined by Jack Steele in 1960 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio where Otto Schmitt also worked. Steele defined bionics
as "the science of systems which have some function copied from nature, or which represent characteristics of natural systems or their analogues". During a later meeting in 1963 Schmitt stated,
In 1969 the term biomimetics was used by Schmitt to title one of his papers and by 1974 it had found its way into Webster's Dictionary.
Biomimicry
Biomimicry or biomimetics is the examination of nature, its models, systems, processes, and elements to emulate or take inspiration from in order to solve human problems. The term biomimicry and biomimetics come from the Greek words bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate...
, biomimesis, biognosis and similar to biologically inspired design.
History
The term biomimetics is derived from the Greek word βίος, bios, "life" and the suffix mimetic, "having an aptitude for mimicry" a word originally used in the 1630s, from the Greek μιμητικός, mimetikos, "imitative,".Biomimetics was coined by the American biophysicist and polymath
Polymath
A polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable...
Otto Schmitt
Otto Schmitt
Otto Herbert Schmitt was an American inventor, engineer, and biophysicist known for his scientific contributions to biophysics and for establishing the field of biomedical engineering...
during the 1950s. It was during his doctoral research that he developed the Schmitt trigger by studying the nerves in squid, attempting to engineer a device that replicated the biological system of nerve propagation. He continued to focus on devices that mimic natural systems and by 1957 he had perceived a converse to the standard view of biophysics at that time, a view he would come to call biomimetics.
A similar term, 'Bionics
Bionics
Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.The word bionic was coined by Jack E...
' was coined by Jack Steele in 1960 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio where Otto Schmitt also worked. Steele defined bionics
Bionics
Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.The word bionic was coined by Jack E...
as "the science of systems which have some function copied from nature, or which represent characteristics of natural systems or their analogues". During a later meeting in 1963 Schmitt stated,
In 1969 the term biomimetics was used by Schmitt to title one of his papers and by 1974 it had found its way into Webster's Dictionary.
Videos
- Design by Nature - National Geographic
- Michael Pawlyn: Using nature's genius in architecture from TED 2010
- Janine Benyus: Biomimicry in Action from TED 2009
- Robert Full shows how human engineers can learn from animals' tricks from TED 2002
External links
- Biomimetic MicroElectronic Systems at the University of Southern California
- Centre for Biomimetics at the University of Reading
- Biomimetics and Natural Technologies Group at the University of Bath
- Biomimetic Robotics Lab at Stanford University
- The Biomimetics Laboratory at the University of Auckland
- Biomimetics for Innovation and Design Laboratory at the University of Toronto
- Biomimetics Advanced Concepts Team at the European Space Agency
- Biomimetic Devices Laboratory at Tufts University
- Molecular Biomimetics, Sarikaya Research Group at the University of Washington
See also
- Bioinspiration & BiomimeticsBioinspiration & BiomimeticsBioinspiration & Biomimetics is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes research involving the study and distillation of principles and functions found in biological systems that have been developed through evolution....
(peer-reviewed journal) - Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (peer-reviewed journal)