Biological transmutation
Encyclopedia
A biological transmutation is defined as a nuclear transmutation
occurring in a living organism. Such transmutations are strongly believed not to occur according to mainstream physics
, chemistry
and biology
, however proponents of the hypothesis claim to have empirical evidence that they do.
He formulated the biological transmutation hypothesis as an explanation.
For example, one of the claims is that biological organisms can transform Potassium into Calcium via the addition of one hydrogen nucleus: K39 + H1 = Ca40. None of the fusing elements would be travelling at high velocity since biological organisms lack any mechanism to do this. The environment would have neither high pressure nor high temperature since no biological organisms could survive the required pressure and temperature, not even for extremely short periods of time. This amounts to having a nuclear fusion
reaction in a low energy environment, which would go against basic physical laws.
In 1993 Kervran was awarded a parodic Ig Nobel prize due to his "improbable research" in biological transmutation, calling him an "ardent admirer of alchemy".
Proponents state that the strong interactions that take place in known nuclear processes (particle accelerators, atomic bombs, nuclear reactors, or stars) do not rule out that other nuclear processes may rely on the so-called "weak" interactions. Kervran introduced a new theory of "weak" interactions by "neutral currents", claiming that the enzymes can not only facilitate chemical reactions but also facilitate biological transmutations. Kervran proposed the idea that a sea of neutrinos or bosons brings high energy to the reaction and carries away the excess energy and the possibility of radioactive products, thus addressing some criticism.
Kervran claims that physics laws that apply to physical high energy reactions do not apply to biological reactions. He named them "biological transmutation at low energy". Mainstream physicists say that biological reactions are chemical reactions, and that all chemicals reactions follow the same set of rules — in other words, it doesn't matter that the reaction happens inside a cyclotron or inside the body of a living entity.
In 2003, Russian researchers claimed to have converted nuclear waste into non-radioactive elements using microbiological cultures, as well as the transmutation of manganese
into iron
in microbiological culture
s.
The basic principles behind biological transmutation are similar to those behind the philosophy of Yin and Yang
. For example, philosopher George Ohsawa
wrote in 1982 a condensation of Kervran's claims, re-interpreting the reactions as recombinations of Ying and Yang, and saying that he had himself managed to transmute carbon into iron, obtaining in 1966-02-04 French Patent number FR1427109 titled "
Fabrication d'aciers spéciaux par transmutation à faible énergie"
The electrochemistry of cold fusion
resembles the alleged transmutations of biological chemistry.
Nuclear Fusion and Transmutation of Isotopes in Biological Systems by Vladimir I. Vysotskii and Alla A. Kornilova Moscow, Peace, 2003
Nuclear Transmutation of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes in Biological Systems by Vladimir I. Vysotskii, Alla A. Kornilova ISBN : 978-81-8274-430-1 Publication Year: 2010
Nuclear transmutation
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or isotope into another. In other words, atoms of one element can be changed into atoms of other element by 'transmutation'...
occurring in a living organism. Such transmutations are strongly believed not to occur according to mainstream physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
, chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
and biology
Biology
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines...
, however proponents of the hypothesis claim to have empirical evidence that they do.
Claimed phenomena
Louis Kervran claims to have conducted experiments and studies demonstrating phenomena such as anomalous increase in calcium and decrease in magnesium levels during the synthesis of egg shells and anomalous excretion of magnesium. Here, "anomalous" refers to a violation of the Lavoisier principle.He formulated the biological transmutation hypothesis as an explanation.
For example, one of the claims is that biological organisms can transform Potassium into Calcium via the addition of one hydrogen nucleus: K39 + H1 = Ca40. None of the fusing elements would be travelling at high velocity since biological organisms lack any mechanism to do this. The environment would have neither high pressure nor high temperature since no biological organisms could survive the required pressure and temperature, not even for extremely short periods of time. This amounts to having a nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy...
reaction in a low energy environment, which would go against basic physical laws.
Mainstream perspective
Proponents have presented much evidence for biological transmutations, but mainstream science has decided to ignore it. Since these anomalies are not observed by mainstream science the foremost challenge to these claims is that the evidence is flawed. The "anomalous" evidence is either the result of experimental error or intentional falsification. Even if the evidence were reliable the biological transmutation hypothesis does not fit within mainstream theory. According to current models, nuclear reactions, such as transmutations, require large amounts of energy per particle. The required energy density is far larger than the energy densities manipulated by known molecular biology systems which function within the scale of chemical reactions. In addition, known nuclear reactions produce ionizing radiation, which has not been detected and would be damaging to biological systems.In 1993 Kervran was awarded a parodic Ig Nobel prize due to his "improbable research" in biological transmutation, calling him an "ardent admirer of alchemy".
Proponent theories
Defenders of the transmutation hypothesis have suggested some explanatory theories. To this day, these theories have not been mentioned, corroborated or developed by other scientists.Proponents state that the strong interactions that take place in known nuclear processes (particle accelerators, atomic bombs, nuclear reactors, or stars) do not rule out that other nuclear processes may rely on the so-called "weak" interactions. Kervran introduced a new theory of "weak" interactions by "neutral currents", claiming that the enzymes can not only facilitate chemical reactions but also facilitate biological transmutations. Kervran proposed the idea that a sea of neutrinos or bosons brings high energy to the reaction and carries away the excess energy and the possibility of radioactive products, thus addressing some criticism.
Kervran claims that physics laws that apply to physical high energy reactions do not apply to biological reactions. He named them "biological transmutation at low energy". Mainstream physicists say that biological reactions are chemical reactions, and that all chemicals reactions follow the same set of rules — in other words, it doesn't matter that the reaction happens inside a cyclotron or inside the body of a living entity.
Other assertions
Another supporter of Biological transmutations can be found in Solomon Goldfein who noted that MgATP (Magnesium-Adenosine Triphosphate) had the configuration of a cyclotron on a molecular scale. There has been no reported follow ups to Goldfein's work and again it lies well outside mainstream physics, biology, and coordination chemistry.In 2003, Russian researchers claimed to have converted nuclear waste into non-radioactive elements using microbiological cultures, as well as the transmutation of manganese
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
into iron
Iron
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...
in microbiological culture
Microbiological culture
A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested,...
s.
The basic principles behind biological transmutation are similar to those behind the philosophy of Yin and Yang
Yin and yang
In Asian philosophy, the concept of yin yang , which is often referred to in the West as "yin and yang", is used to describe how polar opposites or seemingly contrary forces are interconnected and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other in turn. Opposites thus only...
. For example, philosopher George Ohsawa
George Ohsawa
George Ohsawa, born , was the founder of the Macrobiotic diet and philosophy. When living in Europe he went by the pen names of Musagendo Sakurazawa, Nyoiti Sakurazawa, and Yukikazu Sakurazawa...
wrote in 1982 a condensation of Kervran's claims, re-interpreting the reactions as recombinations of Ying and Yang, and saying that he had himself managed to transmute carbon into iron, obtaining in 1966-02-04 French Patent number FR1427109 titled "
Fabrication d'aciers spéciaux par transmutation à faible énergie"
The electrochemistry of cold fusion
Cold fusion
Cold fusion, also called low-energy nuclear reaction , refers to the hypothesis that nuclear fusion might explain the results of a group of experiments conducted at ordinary temperatures . Both the experimental results and the hypothesis are disputed...
resembles the alleged transmutations of biological chemistry.
Uses
In 2011, Russian researcher taught a course about using biological transmutations:- Study of hard or soft radioactivity effects on DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
and free radicals; - Questions about DNA repairing and stability in low rate irradiations;
- Study and applications of activated water in biology and medicine;
- Study of isotopical anomalies in living systems, and possible nuclear reactions in biological and microbiological systems;
- Ecology of radiations and question of using and desactivation of nuclear waste.
See also
- The Secret Life of PlantsThe Secret Life of PlantsThe Secret Life of Plants is a book by Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, described as "A fascinating account of the physical, emotional, and spiritual relations between plants and man."...
Nuclear Fusion and Transmutation of Isotopes in Biological Systems by Vladimir I. Vysotskii and Alla A. Kornilova Moscow, Peace, 2003
Nuclear Transmutation of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes in Biological Systems by Vladimir I. Vysotskii, Alla A. Kornilova ISBN : 978-81-8274-430-1 Publication Year: 2010
Further reading
Une histoire des transmutations biologiques- Thorough list of experiments going back to 1822: