Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena
Encyclopedia
Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena (Weimar
, 14 October 1638 – Jena
, 3 May 1678), was duke of Saxe-Jena.
He was the seventh child but fourth surviving son of Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
and Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
.
Bernhard attended the University of Jena from February 1654 until November 1657. Subsequently, he was pulled into the politic affairs, when his father planned to marry him with some French noblewomen, in order to strengthen the relations of the Ernestine line
with the King Louis XIV. The French king, however, let him wait eighteen months for an audience. The stay in France finally led to a marrying with the duchess Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille. The wedding took place in Paris
on 10 June 1662. Shortly after, the couple moved to Jena
, where their five children were born:
In 1672 Bernhard and his brothers divided the paternal inheritance, and he received Jena.
The marriage of Bernhard and Marie Charlotte was totally unhappy, and, were they seemingly irreconciliable, the duke had decided to marry one of the ladies of his court, Marie Elisabeth of Kospoth, of old nobility. He solemnly promised that he would divorce his wife and marry her, and she ceded to his advances. They had one daughter:
Meanwhile, Bernhard's efforts to have his marriage annulled were unsuccessful, as no theologian or jurist could give him grounds for divorce; and he appeared to reconcile himself with Marie Charlotte.
Nevertheless, on 20 October 1672 he promised in writing to his mistress that he would never forget her, but would care and protect her as if she were his true wife, and giving her the style of "Lady of Alstädt" and an annual rent of 1000 Taler. Then, in 1674, they were married by a Jesuit priest named Andreas Wigand; with this, Bernhard make one of the few cases of bigamy
among princes. The contract declared the children to be legitimate and noble, until such time as an Imperial Act could bring them to a higher rank. She was given as Morgengabe a sum of 20,000 Taler and assigned the Schloss Dornburg as residence. She was obliged to keep the marriage secret until the death of the duke's first wife; should she reveal it, the duke would cease to be bound by the contract.
On 8 November 1676 Marie Elisabeth was raised by the Emperor to the rank of an Imperial Countess (Reichgräfin), along with her daughter, and any other legitimate children of hers, with the title of Countess of Altstädt (Gräfin von Altstädt) and the style of "hoch- und wohlgebohrne".
When Bernahrd died, was succeeded by his only surviving son Johann Wilhelm, born of his first wife after their reconciliation in 1675.
Marie Elisabeth obtained her Morgengabe, not without some difficulty. She survived his "husband" thirty-eight years.
Weimar
Weimar is a city in Germany famous for its cultural heritage. It is located in the federal state of Thuringia , north of the Thüringer Wald, east of Erfurt, and southwest of Halle and Leipzig. Its current population is approximately 65,000. The oldest record of the city dates from the year 899...
, 14 October 1638 – Jena
Jena
Jena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document...
, 3 May 1678), was duke of Saxe-Jena.
He was the seventh child but fourth surviving son of Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar , was a duke of Saxe-Weimar.Wilhelm was the fifth son of Johann, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and Dorothea Maria of Anhalt...
and Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau , was a princess of Anhalt-Dessau by birth and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.- Life :...
.
Bernhard attended the University of Jena from February 1654 until November 1657. Subsequently, he was pulled into the politic affairs, when his father planned to marry him with some French noblewomen, in order to strengthen the relations of the Ernestine line
Wettin (dynasty)
The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled the area of today's German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years...
with the King Louis XIV. The French king, however, let him wait eighteen months for an audience. The stay in France finally led to a marrying with the duchess Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille. The wedding took place in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
on 10 June 1662. Shortly after, the couple moved to Jena
Jena
Jena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document...
, where their five children were born:
- Wilhelm (b. Jena, 24 July 1664 - d. Jena, 21 June 1666).
- Stillborn daughter (Jena, 7 April 1666).
- Bernhard (b. Jena, 9 November 1667 - d. Jena, 26 April 1668).
- Charlotte MarieCharlotte Marie of Saxe-JenaCharlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena , was a German princess member of the House of Wettin in the branch of Saxe-Jena and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weimar....
(b. Jena, 20 December 1669 - d. Gräfentonna, 6 January 1703), married on 2 November 1683 to Wilhelm Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Weimar; they divorced in 1690. - Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-JenaJohann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-JenaJohann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Jena , was a duke of Saxe-Jena.He was the youngest but sole surviving son of Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena by his wife Marie Charlotte, daughter of Henry de La Trémoille, 3rd Duke of Thouars, 2nd Duke of La Tremoille, and Prince of Talmond and Taranto.-Life:When only...
(b. Jena, 28 March 1675 - d. Jena, 4 November 1690).
In 1672 Bernhard and his brothers divided the paternal inheritance, and he received Jena.
The marriage of Bernhard and Marie Charlotte was totally unhappy, and, were they seemingly irreconciliable, the duke had decided to marry one of the ladies of his court, Marie Elisabeth of Kospoth, of old nobility. He solemnly promised that he would divorce his wife and marry her, and she ceded to his advances. They had one daughter:
- Emilie Eleonore of Kospoth (b. Schloss Dornburg, 20 September 1672 - d. Merseburg, 3 May 1709); married in 1692 to Otto Wilhelm of Tümpling.
Meanwhile, Bernhard's efforts to have his marriage annulled were unsuccessful, as no theologian or jurist could give him grounds for divorce; and he appeared to reconcile himself with Marie Charlotte.
Nevertheless, on 20 October 1672 he promised in writing to his mistress that he would never forget her, but would care and protect her as if she were his true wife, and giving her the style of "Lady of Alstädt" and an annual rent of 1000 Taler. Then, in 1674, they were married by a Jesuit priest named Andreas Wigand; with this, Bernhard make one of the few cases of bigamy
Bigamy
In cultures that practice marital monogamy, bigamy is the act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another. Bigamy is a crime in most western countries, and when it occurs in this context often neither the first nor second spouse is aware of the other...
among princes. The contract declared the children to be legitimate and noble, until such time as an Imperial Act could bring them to a higher rank. She was given as Morgengabe a sum of 20,000 Taler and assigned the Schloss Dornburg as residence. She was obliged to keep the marriage secret until the death of the duke's first wife; should she reveal it, the duke would cease to be bound by the contract.
On 8 November 1676 Marie Elisabeth was raised by the Emperor to the rank of an Imperial Countess (Reichgräfin), along with her daughter, and any other legitimate children of hers, with the title of Countess of Altstädt (Gräfin von Altstädt) and the style of "hoch- und wohlgebohrne".
When Bernahrd died, was succeeded by his only surviving son Johann Wilhelm, born of his first wife after their reconciliation in 1675.
Marie Elisabeth obtained her Morgengabe, not without some difficulty. She survived his "husband" thirty-eight years.