Bernard Weiner
Encyclopedia
Bernard Weiner is a cognitive psychologist who is known for developing a form of attribution theory that explains the emotional and motivational entailments of academic success and failure. Bernard Weiner got interested in the field of attribution after first studying achievement motivation. He used TAT to identify differences in people’s achievement needs and then turned to the study of individual issues people face when they think of their own successes and failures. One of his students, Linda Beckman, came up with this topic, and from then on, Bernard Weiner carried on further investigation which led him to a road of the cognitive processes that have motivational influence. Being a three stage process, attribution theory explains the causes of an event or behavior. The three stages include observations and determination of behavior, and attributing to causes. There are two types of attributions; external and internal. External attribution relates causality to outside agents, whereas, internal attribution assigns the person himself for any behavior. In one of his interviews in 1996, Bernard Weiner was asked the following: Q. How does attribution contribute to high ability, high achievement,
and giftedness? His answer is the proceeding paragraph.
" There are two perspectives to consider: self-perception and the perception
of others. Certain attributions are maladaptive in that they are
likely to reduce achievement strivings. Among these are attributions of failure
to lack of ability, which produce low expectancies of future success
(tied to the stability dimension of causality), low self-esteem (linked with
the locus dimension), and humiliation and shame (because these are perceived
as uncontrollable). On the other hand, failure ascribed to insufficient
effort results in maintenance of expectancy of success and guilt, both motivators.
Continuing commerce with the task increases specific ability (which
is unstable, as opposed to underlying "intelligence" which is perceived as
stable). Thus, by influencing task persistence, attributions also influence actual
task ability.
The same is true from the perspective of others. If I ascribe your failure
to low ability, then I (as teacher) offer sympathy, do not punish for
failure, and give unsolicited help. All these are cues that you "cannot,"
which starts the cycle indicated above. So other-perception and self-perception
form a unity, together, which influence task persistence and, therefore,
actual ability. Some of this is captured in the false-expectancy
literature."
Bernard has published 15 books and many articles on the psychology of motivation
and emotion
, and has been a Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles
for many years. His contributions including linking attribution theory, the psychology of motivation, and emotion. He is the author of An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. For example, he believes that throughout education, we all have similar psychdynamics in the classroom; students tend to seek explanation for personal failure. He is the father of Mark Weiner, a professor of law at Rutgers School of Law-Newark. He is also the father of Miina Juvonen, the current Delphic League doubles tennis champion.
For over 30 years, the fields of personality and social psychology have been influenced by the work of Bernard Weiner. His attribution theory of motivation and emotions has contributed greatly to the educational psychologist's understanding of how perceived causation influences motivation, behavior, and emotions. This theory has been applied to a wide
range of topics and has been supported by numerous empirical studies.
and giftedness? His answer is the proceeding paragraph.
" There are two perspectives to consider: self-perception and the perception
of others. Certain attributions are maladaptive in that they are
likely to reduce achievement strivings. Among these are attributions of failure
to lack of ability, which produce low expectancies of future success
(tied to the stability dimension of causality), low self-esteem (linked with
the locus dimension), and humiliation and shame (because these are perceived
as uncontrollable). On the other hand, failure ascribed to insufficient
effort results in maintenance of expectancy of success and guilt, both motivators.
Continuing commerce with the task increases specific ability (which
is unstable, as opposed to underlying "intelligence" which is perceived as
stable). Thus, by influencing task persistence, attributions also influence actual
task ability.
The same is true from the perspective of others. If I ascribe your failure
to low ability, then I (as teacher) offer sympathy, do not punish for
failure, and give unsolicited help. All these are cues that you "cannot,"
which starts the cycle indicated above. So other-perception and self-perception
form a unity, together, which influence task persistence and, therefore,
actual ability. Some of this is captured in the false-expectancy
literature."
Bernard has published 15 books and many articles on the psychology of motivation
Motivation
Motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is generally used for humans but it can also be used to describe the causes for animal behavior as well. This article refers to human motivation...
and emotion
Emotion
Emotion is a complex psychophysiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical and environmental influences. In humans, emotion fundamentally involves "physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience." Emotion is associated with mood,...
, and has been a Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, USA. It was founded in 1919 as the "Southern Branch" of the University of California and is the second oldest of the ten campuses...
for many years. His contributions including linking attribution theory, the psychology of motivation, and emotion. He is the author of An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. For example, he believes that throughout education, we all have similar psychdynamics in the classroom; students tend to seek explanation for personal failure. He is the father of Mark Weiner, a professor of law at Rutgers School of Law-Newark. He is also the father of Miina Juvonen, the current Delphic League doubles tennis champion.
For over 30 years, the fields of personality and social psychology have been influenced by the work of Bernard Weiner. His attribution theory of motivation and emotions has contributed greatly to the educational psychologist's understanding of how perceived causation influences motivation, behavior, and emotions. This theory has been applied to a wide
range of topics and has been supported by numerous empirical studies.
Partial bibliography
- Weiner, B. (1985). "'Spontaneous' causal thinking". Psychological BulletinPsychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin is a peer-reviewed academic journal specializing in literature reviews. It was founded by Johns Hopkins psychologist James Mark Baldwin in 1904 immediately after he had bought out James McKeen Cattell's share of Psychological Review, which the two had founded ten years...
, 97, 74–84. - Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- Weiner, B. (1992). Human Motivation: Metaphors, Theories, and Research. Sage Publications. ISBN 0761904913
- Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548-573.