Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze
Encyclopedia
The Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze (Porytowe Hill) took place on June 14, 1944, between Polish and Russian partisans and Nazi German forces. It was the largest battle between underground anti-Nazi resistance and German occupation forces in occupied Europe.
In the Spring of 1944 numerous partisan units operated in the Lublin
region, including those associated with the Home Army (AK), Bataliony Chłopskie (BCh), National Military Organization
(NOW) as well as the communist Armia Ludowa
(AL) and Russian partisans. These fighters kept being pushed westward by the Germans, as the front approached from the east. The activities of the partisan units mostly consisted of attacks on German supply lines and convoys. As a result, in May 1944, the Germans developed a detailed plan of an anti-partisan action, code named "Sturmwind" (Storm-wind) which they put into effect in early June. The purpose of the operation was the elimination of Polish and Russian partisan units from the area of Janów Forests.
The German commander in charge was Gen. Siegfried Haenicke
. The Russian partisans were under the command of Nikolai Prokopiuk. The NOW-AK forces were commanded by Bolesław Usow (the top commander of the unit, Franciszek Przysiężniak
was not present until later) and the AL units by Stanisław Szelest. There were also several "mixed" units under various commanders.
On the 14th of June the Polish and Russian partisans, numbering around 3000 in total, found themselves tightly surrounded by the German forces. The German units consisted of between 25000 to 30000 soldiers, with artillery, tanks and armored cars and air support.
After an artillery and mortar barrage the Germans managed to make two breaks in the partisans' line of defense. However, these attacks were eventually driven back, though at a high cost for the Poles and Russians. The Germans, relying on their superior numbers and armaments, managed to take control of a nearby small woods from which they could keep the partisans under constant fire, causing high casualties among them. Using this as a base for further attacks, German forces managed to seize the western side of the Porytowe Hill which breached the main line of defense. However, soon, the Poles and Russians counterattacked, recovered lost positions and, on the night of the 14th of June made an attempt to break out of the from the trap. The main columns of the partisans, after fierce fighting, many casualties and a forced 40 kilometer march managed to make it to the relative safety of the Solska Wilderness
.
The casualties of the partisans were about 250, including around 125 killed or missing. 495 Wehrmacht soldiers were killed and an unknown number of German police and auxiliary forces.
While the partisans managed to break out of the trap and effectively won a temporary victory, the Germans had already planned a follow up operation, "Sturmwind II", centered around the Solska Wilderness, which led to the Battle of Osuchy
at the end of June. The Wehrmacht managed to accomplish in Sturmwind II/Osuchy what they failed to do in Sturmwind I/Porytowe Wzgórze
In the Spring of 1944 numerous partisan units operated in the Lublin
Lublin
Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
region, including those associated with the Home Army (AK), Bataliony Chłopskie (BCh), National Military Organization
National Military Organization
Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa was one of the Polish resistance movements in World War II. Created in 1939, it did not agree to merge with the Service for Poland's Victory /Union of Armed Struggle /Armia Krajowa but recognized the Polish government in exile. Politically related to the National Party...
(NOW) as well as the communist Armia Ludowa
Armia Ludowa
Armia Ludowa was a communist partisan force set up by the Polish Workers' Party during World War II. Its aims were to support the military of the Soviet Union against German forces and aid the creation of a pro-Soviet communist government in Poland...
(AL) and Russian partisans. These fighters kept being pushed westward by the Germans, as the front approached from the east. The activities of the partisan units mostly consisted of attacks on German supply lines and convoys. As a result, in May 1944, the Germans developed a detailed plan of an anti-partisan action, code named "Sturmwind" (Storm-wind) which they put into effect in early June. The purpose of the operation was the elimination of Polish and Russian partisan units from the area of Janów Forests.
The German commander in charge was Gen. Siegfried Haenicke
Siegfried Haenicke
Siegfried Haenicke was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the XXXVIII. Corps. He was a recipient of both the Pour le Mérite and Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Pour le Mérite was the highest military order of the German Empire...
. The Russian partisans were under the command of Nikolai Prokopiuk. The NOW-AK forces were commanded by Bolesław Usow (the top commander of the unit, Franciszek Przysiężniak
Franciszek Przysiężniak
Franciszek Przysiężniak - was a lieutenant in the Polish Army, an officer of anti-communist resistance groups National Military Organization and National Military Union .Przysiężniak finished the Volhynian School for Reserve...
was not present until later) and the AL units by Stanisław Szelest. There were also several "mixed" units under various commanders.
On the 14th of June the Polish and Russian partisans, numbering around 3000 in total, found themselves tightly surrounded by the German forces. The German units consisted of between 25000 to 30000 soldiers, with artillery, tanks and armored cars and air support.
After an artillery and mortar barrage the Germans managed to make two breaks in the partisans' line of defense. However, these attacks were eventually driven back, though at a high cost for the Poles and Russians. The Germans, relying on their superior numbers and armaments, managed to take control of a nearby small woods from which they could keep the partisans under constant fire, causing high casualties among them. Using this as a base for further attacks, German forces managed to seize the western side of the Porytowe Hill which breached the main line of defense. However, soon, the Poles and Russians counterattacked, recovered lost positions and, on the night of the 14th of June made an attempt to break out of the from the trap. The main columns of the partisans, after fierce fighting, many casualties and a forced 40 kilometer march managed to make it to the relative safety of the Solska Wilderness
Solska Wilderness
Solska Wilderness is a large forest complex in southern part of the Lublin Voivodeship, about 100 km south of Lublin, Poland. It occupies an area north of the San and south of the Roztocze Upland. The forest is mostly made of coniferous trees, part of them having been artificially planted...
.
The casualties of the partisans were about 250, including around 125 killed or missing. 495 Wehrmacht soldiers were killed and an unknown number of German police and auxiliary forces.
While the partisans managed to break out of the trap and effectively won a temporary victory, the Germans had already planned a follow up operation, "Sturmwind II", centered around the Solska Wilderness, which led to the Battle of Osuchy
Battle of Osuchy
The Battle of Osuchy was one of the largest battles between the Polish resistance and Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II, a part of the Zamość Uprising...
at the end of June. The Wehrmacht managed to accomplish in Sturmwind II/Osuchy what they failed to do in Sturmwind I/Porytowe Wzgórze