After Federation 1901, a set of immigration policies were put into place to either encourage or restrict immigration into Australia.

White Australian Policy

From 1901 to 1973, the White Australia policy was put into place to keep all non-white immigrants out.

To gain entry to Australia migrants had to pass a language test. The test could be in any European language including English. At least the English test was composed of complicated and/or scientific dictation. If the migrant passed the language test they could be given yet another test in another language. The European language component was later changed to allow any "prescribed

Linguistic prescription

In linguistics, prescription denotes normative practices on such aspects of language use as spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and syntax. It includes judgments on what usages are socially proper and politically correct...

 language".

For more information see White Australia policy

White Australia policy

The White Australia policy comprises various historical policies that intentionally restricted "non-white" immigration to Australia. From origins at Federation in 1901, the polices were progressively dismantled between 1949-1973....

.

Assimilation

This was a policy put in place allowing any immigrants into Australia if they adopted an Anglos culture and left behind their old culture. This was followed by the Integration policy

Integration

This was a policy put in place allowing any immigrants into Australia if they adopted an Anglos culture and kept it in public while they were allowed to celebrate their own cultures at home. This was followed by the Multiculturalism policy.

Multiculturalism

This was a policy put in place allowing any immigrants into Australia and keeping their own culture as long as they followed the Australian Law.