Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (15 February 1858 - 4 March 1927) was a French physician who was born in the town of Buzancy, Ardennes

Buzancy, Ardennes

Buzancy is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.-Population:...

. He received his doctorate from the University of Paris

University of Paris

The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...

 and became an interne at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris

Hôtel-Dieu de Paris

The Hôtel-Dieu de Paris is regarded as the oldest hospital in the city of Paris, France, and is the most central of the Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris hospitals. The hospital is linked to the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes...

. Later he was a professor of therapeutics (1902) and clinical medicine (1905) at Hôtel-Dieu. In 1907 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine

He published many articles and books on a wide array of medical subjects. With Jean Alfred Fournier

Jean Alfred Fournier

Jean Alfred Fournier was a French dermatologist who specialized in the study of venereal diseases.As a young man he served as an interne at the Hôpital du Midi as an understudy to Philippe Ricord . In 1863 he became médecine des hôpitaux, and from 1867 worked with Augustin Grisolle at the...

 (1832-1914) he published Bibliothèque rouge de l'étudiant en médecine, and with Paul Camille Hippolyte Brouardel

Paul Brouardel

Paul Camille Hippolyte Brouardel was a French pathologist.In 1858 he became an externe at the Hôpital Cochin in Paris, and in 1865 earned his medical doctorate. In 1873 he became director of medical services at the Hôpital Saint-Antoine and la Pitié...

 (1837-1906) he published the 10-volume Traité de médecine et de Thérapeutique. Also, with neurologist

Neurologist

A neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...

 Maurice Villaret

Maurice Villaret

Maurice Villaret was a French neurologist who was born in Paris.In 1906 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Paris. In 1919 he became médecin des hôpitaux in Paris, and subsequently served as médecin chef at the Hôpital Necker...

 (1877-1946) he did extensive research of portal hypertension

Portal hypertension

In medicine, portal hypertension is hypertension in the portal vein and its tributaries.It is often defined as a portal pressure gradient of 10 mmHg or greater.-Causes:Causes can be divided into prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic...

.

Gilbert is remembered for his description of a fairly common hereditary cause of increased bilirubin

Bilirubin

Bilirubin is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. Heme is found in hemoglobin, a principal component of red blood cells. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases...

. Today this disorder is known as Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome , often shortened to GS, also called Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome, is the most common hereditary cause of increased bilirubin and is found in up to 5% of the population...

 and is believed to be caused by a deficiency of the enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

 glucuronosyltransferase

Glucuronosyltransferase

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes addition of the glycosyl group from a UTP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.This is glucuronidation reaction.Alternative names:...

.