Arrestin beta 2
Encyclopedia
Beta-arrestin-2, also known as arrestin beta-2, is an intracellular protein
that in humans is encoded by the ARRB2 gene
.
Members of arrestin
/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor
s and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals, as well as having signalling roles in their own right. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.
The protein may interact with the agonist DOI
in 5-HT2A receptor
signaling.
with
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the ARRB2 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Members of arrestin
Arrestin
Arrestins are a small family of proteins important for regulating signal transduction.-Function:Arrestins were first discovered as a part of a conserved two-step mechanism for regulating the activity of G protein-coupled receptors in the visual rhodopsin system by Hermann Kühn and co-workers and...
/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors , also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors , comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal...
s and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals, as well as having signalling roles in their own right. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.
The protein may interact with the agonist DOI
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine is a psychedelic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine family. It is also a powerful anti-inflammatory that is effective at doses on the order of 100 micrograms in humans, far below its effective dose as a psychedelic. Despite being a substituted...
in 5-HT2A receptor
5-HT2A receptor
The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor . This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPCRs for serotonin , although 5-HT2A may also have an inhibitory effect on certain areas such...
signaling.
Interactions
Arrestin beta 2 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with
- AP2B1AP2B1AP-2 complex subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2B1 gene.-Interactions:AP2B1 has been shown to interact with TGF beta receptor 2, AP1M2, BUB1B, LDLRAP1 and Arrestin beta 2.-Further reading:...
, - PSCD2PSCD2Cytohesin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYTH2 gene.-Interactions:PSCD2 has been shown to interact with Arrestin beta 2 and Arrestin beta 1.-Further reading:...
, - Mdm2Mdm2Mdm2 is an important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. It is the name of a gene as well as the protein encoded by that gene. Mdm2 protein functions both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the N-terminal trans-activation domain of the p53 tumor suppressor and an inhibitor of...
, and - RALGDSRALGDSRal guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALGDS gene.-Interactions:RALGDS has been shown to interact with RRAS, RAP2A, RAP1A, KRAS, RAPGEF2, MRAS, HRAS, Arrestin beta 2 and Arrestin beta 1....
.