Arcola 1796 Campaign Order of Battle
Encyclopedia
Arcola 1796 Campaign Order of Battle
In the Battle of Arcola on 15 to 17 November 1796, the French Army of Italy
commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte won a victory over the army of Austria led by Jozsef Alvinczi. The battle was part the third relief of the Siege of Mantua
in which Alvinczi's army repulsed Bonaparte at the Second Battle of Bassano
on 6 November and at the Battle of Caldiero
on 12 November. Meanwhile, Paul Davidovich
's Austrian Tyrol Corps clashed with Claude Vaubois
' French division at Cembra
on 2 November. Davidovich defeated Vaubois at the Battle of Calliano
on 6–7 November and Rivoli Veronese
on 17 November. After Bonaparte's triumph at Arcola, he turned on the Tyrol Corps, beat it at Rivoli on 21 November, and forced it to retreat north into the mountains.
In the Battle of Arcola on 15 to 17 November 1796, the French Army of Italy
Army of Italy (France)
The Army of Italy was a Field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. Though it existed in some form in the 16th century through to the present, it is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic...
commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte won a victory over the army of Austria led by Jozsef Alvinczi. The battle was part the third relief of the Siege of Mantua
Siege of Mantua (1796-1797)
In the Siege of Mantua, which lasted from 4 July 1796 to 2 February 1797 with a short break, French forces under the overall command of Napoleon Bonaparte besieged and blockaded a large Austrian garrison for many months until it surrendered...
in which Alvinczi's army repulsed Bonaparte at the Second Battle of Bassano
Second Battle of Bassano
In the Second Battle of Bassano on 6 November 1796, an Austrian army commanded by Jozsef Alvinczi repelled the attacks of Napoleon Bonaparte's French army. The engagement, which happened two months after the more famous Battle of Bassano, marked the first tactical defeat of Bonaparte's career and...
on 6 November and at the Battle of Caldiero
Battle of Caldiero (1796)
In the Battle of Caldiero on 12 November 1796, a Habsburg Austrian army led by Jozsef Alvinczi fought a First French Republic army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte. The French assaulted the Austrian positions, which were initially held by the army advance guard under Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of...
on 12 November. Meanwhile, Paul Davidovich
Paul Davidovich
Baron Paul Davidovich or Pavle Davidović became a general of the Austrian Empire and a Knight of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. He played a major role in the 1796 Italian campaign during the French Revolutionary Wars, leading corps-sized commands in the fighting against the French army led...
's Austrian Tyrol Corps clashed with Claude Vaubois
Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois
Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. On 20 August 1808 he was created Comte de Belgrand de Vaubois...
' French division at Cembra
Cembra
Cembra is a comune in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 15 km northeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,776 and an area of 17.0 km²....
on 2 November. Davidovich defeated Vaubois at the Battle of Calliano
Battle of Calliano
The Battle of Calliano on 6 and 7 November 1796 saw an Austrian corps commanded by Paul Davidovich rout a French division directed by Claude Belgrand de Vaubois. The engagement was part of the third Austrian attempt to relieve the French siege of Mantua during the French Revolutionary Wars...
on 6–7 November and Rivoli Veronese
Rivoli Veronese
Rivoli Veronese is a comune in Veneto, Italy, in the Province of Verona, on a hill on the right bank of the Adige, 20 km miles NW of Verona.-History:...
on 17 November. After Bonaparte's triumph at Arcola, he turned on the Tyrol Corps, beat it at Rivoli on 21 November, and forced it to retreat north into the mountains.
French Army
- Army of Italy: Napoleon Bonaparte (41,560)
- Division: André MassénaAndré MassénaAndré Masséna 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling was a French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars....
(9,540 including 2 cavalry regiments)- Brigade: Jean Ménard
- Brigade: Antoine RamponAntoine-Guillaume RamponAntoine-Guillaume Rampon joined the French army as a private soldier and rose in rank to become a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. He fought in many battles under Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy and Egypt. In one celebrated battle, he rallied his troops to defend the key Monte...
- Brigade: Honoré Vial
- Brigade: Jean Pijon
- Brigade: Charles LeclercCharles LeclercCharles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc was a French Army general and husband to Pauline Bonaparte, sister to Napoleon Bonaparte.-To 1801:...
- Division: Pierre Augereau (8,340 including 1 cavalry regiment)
- Brigade: Jean VerdierJean-Antoine VerdierJean-Antoine Verdier was a French General during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.Born in Toulouse, he enlisted into the Régiment de la Fère on 18 February 1785...
- Brigade: Louis BonLouis André BonLouis André Bon was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars, best known for his participation in the 1798 French invasion of Egypt-Life:...
- Brigade: Jean LannesJean LannesJean Lannes, 1st Duc de Montebello, was a Marshal of France. He was one of Napoleon's most daring and talented generals. Napoleon once commented on Lannes: "I found him a pygmy and left him a giant"...
- Brigade: Jean Verdier
- Division: Claude VauboisClaude-Henri Belgrand de VauboisClaude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. On 20 August 1808 he was created Comte de Belgrand de Vaubois...
(10,500)- Brigade: Jean GuieuJean Joseph GuieuJean Joseph Guieu, also Jean Guyeux, joined the French royal army and quickly rose in rank during the French Revolutionary Wars. He fought in the War of the Pyrenees against Spain and became a general officer. After transferring to Italy, he held important commands under Napoleon Bonaparte in the...
- Brigade: Pascal Fiorella
- Brigade: Gaspard Gardanne
- Brigade: Jean Guieu
- Division: Charles Kilmaine (8,830 including 1 cavalry regiment)
- Brigade: Louis Chabot
- Brigade: Claude DallemagneClaude DallemagneClaude Dallemagne started his career in the French army under the Bourbons, fought in the American Revolutionary War, rose in rank to become a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars, took part in the 1796 Italian campaign under Napoleon Bonaparte, and held military posts during the...
- Brigade: Thomas Sandos
- Brigade: Claude Lebley
- Brigade: Nicolas Bertin
- Division: François MacquardFrancois MacquardFrançois Macquard or François Macquart joined the French royal army as an infantryman, fought in the Seven Years War, and rose slowly from the ranks to become an officer in the 1780s. While serving in Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars, he became a general officer...
(2,750 including 1 cavalry regiment) - Cavalry Reserve: Alexandre DumasThomas-Alexandre DumasThomas-Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie, was a hero of the French Revolution and General in Napoleon's army. He is better known as Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, General of the French Revolution and the father of author Alexandre Dumas, père, and grandfather of author Alexandre Dumas, fils...
(1,600 in 6 cavalry regiments)
- Division: André Masséna
Austrian Army
- Field Army: FZM József Alvinczi (c. 51,000, not including Wurmser)
- FriaulFriuliFriuli is an area of northeastern Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the province of Udine, Pordenone, Gorizia, excluding Trieste...
Corps: FML Peter QuasdanovichPeter QuasdanovichPeter Vitus Freiherr von Quosdanovich was a general of the Austrian Empire. Feldmarschall-Lieutenant and Commander of the Order of Maria Theresa...
(28,699)- Advance Guard and Reserve:
- Advance Guard: GM Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (4,397)
- Reserve Brigade: GM Philipp Pittoni (4,376)
- Main Body, 1st Line: FML Giovanni Marchese di ProveraGiovanni Marchese di ProveraGiovanni Marchese di Provera, or Johann Provera, born c. 1736 – died 5 July 1804, served in the Austrian army in Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars. Provera played a significant role in three campaigns against General Napoleon Bonaparte during the Italian Campaign of 1796.-Military...
(9,380)- Brigade: GM Gerhard RosselminiGerhard RosselminiGerhard Ritter von Rosselmini or Gerhard Rosselmini or Gerhard Roselmini became a general officer in the Austrian army during the French Revolutionary Wars and fought in several actions against Napoleon Bonaparte's French army during the 1796 Italian campaign.-Career:Oberst Rosselmini commanded...
- Brigade: GM Anton Lipthay de KisfaludAnton Lipthay de KisfaludAnton Lipthay de Kisfalud , also Anton Liptai or Anton Liptay, served in the Austrian army, attained general officer rank, and fought in several battles against the French army of Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolutionary Wars.-Early career:Born in Nógrád, Hungary in 1745, Lipthay joined...
- Brigade: GM Gerhard Rosselmini
- Main Body, 2nd Line: FML Provera (8,279)
- Brigade: GM Anton Schübirz von ChobininAnton Schübirz von ChobininAnton Schübirz or Anton Schubirz von Chobinin fought for Habsburg Austria against Ottoman Turkey and the First French Republic. He participated in several noteworthy actions during the French Revolutionary Wars...
- Brigade: GM Adolf Brabeck
- Brigade: GM Anton Schübirz von Chobinin
- Independent Brigade: GM Anton Ferdinand MittrowskyAnton Ferdinand MittrowskyAnton Ferdinand Mittrowsky von Mittrowitz und Nemyšl, or Anton Mittrovsky, served in the Austrian army for many years. He was promoted to general officer in the spring of 1796, just in time to lead a brigade against Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1796-1797 Italian Campaign of the French...
(c. 3,000)
- Advance Guard and Reserve:
- TyrolGerman TyrolGerman Tyrol is a historical region in the Alps now divided between Austria and Italy. It includes largely ethnic German areas of historical County of Tyrol: the Austrian state of Tyrol and the province of South Tyrol but not the largely Italian-speaking province of Trentino .-History:German...
Corps: FML Paul DavidovichPaul DavidovichBaron Paul Davidovich or Pavle Davidović became a general of the Austrian Empire and a Knight of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. He played a major role in the 1796 Italian campaign during the French Revolutionary Wars, leading corps-sized commands in the fighting against the French army led...
(19,476)- Brigade 1: GM Johann Loudon (4,277)
- Brigade 2: GM Joseph Ocskay von OcskoJoseph Ocskay von OcskoJoseph Ocskay von Ocskó joined the army of the Habsburg Empire and rose to the rank of general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. He fought in numerous actions in the 1796-1797 Italian campaign against the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte...
(4,663) - Brigade 3: GM Johann Sporck (2,560)
- Brigades 4 & 5: GM Josef Philipp VukassovichJosef Philipp VukassovichJosef Philipp von Vukassovich , also Josef Wukassovitch, was a Croatian soldier who joined the army of Habsburg Monarchy and fought against both Ottoman Empire and the First French Republic. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he commanded a brigade in the 1796–1797 Italian campaign against...
(6,880) - Brigade 6: OBL Seulen (1,096)
- Friaul
- MantuaMantuaMantua is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the same name. Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family, made it one of the main artistic, cultural and notably musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole...
Garrison: FM Dagobert von WurmserDagobert Sigmund von WurmserDagobert Sigismund, Count Wurmser was an Austrian field marshal during the French Revolutionary Wars. Although he fought in the Seven Years War, the War of the Bavarian Succession, and mounted several successful campaigns in the Rhineland in the initial years of the French Revolutionary Wars, he...
(23,708 of whom only 12,240 were fit for service)
Key
- FM = Feldmarschall, army commander
- FZM = FeldzeugmeisterFeldzeugmeisterFeldzeugmeister was a military rank in various European armies , especially in the artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th or 17th century, but could even be found in the beginning of the 20th century in some European countries...
, army or corps commander - FML = Feldmarschalleutnant (Field Marshals Lieutenant), corps or division commander
- GM = Generalmajor, brigade commander
- OBL = Oberstleutnant, (Lieutenant ColonelLieutenant colonelLieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
)
Printed materials
- Boycott-Brown, Martin. The Road to Rivoli. London: Cassell & Co., 2001. ISBN 0-304-35305-1
- Chandler, DavidDavid G. ChandlerDavid G. Chandler was a British historian whose study focused on the Napoleonic era.As a young man he served briefly in the army, reaching the rank of captain, and in later life he taught at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Oxford University awarded him the D. Litt. in 1991...
. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, 1979. ISBN 0-02-523670-9
External references
- napoleon-series.org Austrian generals by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna
- French Wikipedia, Liste des généraux de la Révolution et du Premier Empire