Anyanya
Encyclopedia
The Anyanya were a southern Sudanese separatist
rebel army formed during the First Sudanese Civil War
(1955-1972). A separate movement that rose during the Second Sudanese Civil War
were, in turn, called Anyanya II. Anyanya means "snake venom" in the Madi language
.
From about 1969, the Nuer, Lotuko
, Madi, Bari, Acholi, Zande
, Dinka
, and other people from the entire southern region of Sudan waged a war against the Sudanese government. This mobilization came to be known as the Anyanya rebellion or the First Sudanese Civil War
. It ended when the Anyanya signed the Addis Ababa Agreement with the Government in 1972.
In 1978, Nuer dissidents calling themselves Anyanya II
took up arms in eastern Upper Nile.
When the Addis Ababa Agreement fell apart in 1983, marking the beginning of the Second Sudanese Civil War
, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army
(SPLM/A) was founded.
Competition between Anyanya II and the SPLM/A led to the eventual defeat of Anyanya II. Some of its members were incorporated into the ranks of the SPLM/A, and others were consolidated into a militia supported by the government of Sudan.
Separatism
Separatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy...
rebel army formed during the First Sudanese Civil War
First Sudanese Civil War
The First Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy...
(1955-1972). A separate movement that rose during the Second Sudanese Civil War
Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, although it was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and Blue Nile by the end of the 1980s....
were, in turn, called Anyanya II. Anyanya means "snake venom" in the Madi language
Madi language (Sudan and Uganda)
The Ma'di language is a found in Uganda and South Sudan. . The Madi people refer to their language as Ma'di ti literally: Ma'di mouth....
.
From about 1969, the Nuer, Lotuko
Lotuko
Lotuko is an ethnic group in South Sudan. Their population exceeds 100,000. Their traditional home is Equatoria area on Southern Sudan. They speak Otuho language, a Nilotic language....
, Madi, Bari, Acholi, Zande
Azande
The Azande are a tribe of north Central Africa. Their number is estimated by various sources at between 1 and 4 million....
, Dinka
Dinka
The Dinka is an ethnic group inhabiting the Bahr el Ghazal region of the Nile basin, Jonglei and parts of southern Kordufan and Upper Nile regions. They are mainly agro-pastoral people, relying on cattle herding at riverside camps in the dry season and growing millet and other varieties of grains ...
, and other people from the entire southern region of Sudan waged a war against the Sudanese government. This mobilization came to be known as the Anyanya rebellion or the First Sudanese Civil War
First Sudanese Civil War
The First Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy...
. It ended when the Anyanya signed the Addis Ababa Agreement with the Government in 1972.
In 1978, Nuer dissidents calling themselves Anyanya II
Anyanya II
Anyanya II is the name taken in 1978 by a group of Nuer dissidents who took up arms in eastern Upper Nile.The name implies continuity with the Anyanya, or Anya-Nya, movement of the First Sudanese Civil War ....
took up arms in eastern Upper Nile.
When the Addis Ababa Agreement fell apart in 1983, marking the beginning of the Second Sudanese Civil War
Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, although it was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and Blue Nile by the end of the 1980s....
, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army
Sudan People's Liberation Army
The Sudan People's Liberation Movement is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as a rebel political movement with a military wing known as the Sudan People's Liberation Army estimated at 180,000 soldiers. The SPLM fought in the Second Sudanese Civil War against the Sudanese...
(SPLM/A) was founded.
Competition between Anyanya II and the SPLM/A led to the eventual defeat of Anyanya II. Some of its members were incorporated into the ranks of the SPLM/A, and others were consolidated into a militia supported by the government of Sudan.