António Campos
Encyclopedia
António Campos was one of the pioneer filmmakers of visual anthropology
in Portugal
. Mainly using pure documentary techniques, he shot ethnographic film
s and tried docufiction
. As well as in fictional films, he used the methods of direct cinema
to portrait the life of ancient human communities (ethnofiction
) of his country.
He started making films at the beginning of the sixties, at the same time as John Marshall
(EU) and Michel Brault
(Canada). Without knowing much about Jean Rouch
, he followed his steps in an original way.
. He got a subvention from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
in 1961, where he worked between 1970 and 1976, to study cinema in London. He took part in the 20th Century Film Festival, in Kracow, Poland
.
He was the delegate in Portugal for the International Federation of Art Film and a member of the International Union of Independent Filmmakers (UNICI).
He started making films as an amateur. He shot ethnographic films with 16 mm light cameras and with no scientific purposes, like some of his Portuguese fellows, such as António Reis
, Ricardo Costa
or Pedro Costa
, this one using small mini dv cameras, some years later. After the Carnation Revolution
, he directed some theatrical fictional features in 35 mm, all with a strong anthropologic content. He was one of the representatives of the Portuguese Cinema Novo (or Novo Cinema), inspired by the French New Wave
.
His film Gente da Praia da Vieira (People of Praia da Vieira), 1976, is, together with Trás-os-Montes (film), by António Reis
and Margarida Cordeiro, and with Mau Tempo, Marés e Mudança (Changing Tides
), by Ricardo Costa
, one of the first docufiction
s of Portuguese cinema. Shot on the same year, these films, in the same genre, are preceded by Acto da Primavera (Act of Spring), 1962, by Manoel de Oliveira
, and Ala-Arriba! (film)
, 1948, by José Leitão de Barros
, a contemporary to Robert Flaherty. These films may also be classified as ethnofiction
s.
Short and middle-length films
Visual anthropology
Visual anthropology is a subfield of cultural anthropology that is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media...
in Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. Mainly using pure documentary techniques, he shot ethnographic film
Ethnographic film
An ethnographic film is a documentary film related to the methods of ethnology. It emerged in the 1960s as an important tool for research in the domain of visual anthropology, when filming human groups in society...
s and tried docufiction
Docufiction
Docufiction is a neologism which refers to the cinematographic combination of documentary and fiction. More precisely, it is a documentary contaminated with fictional elements, in real time, filmed when the events take place, and in which someone - the character - plays his own role in real life...
. As well as in fictional films, he used the methods of direct cinema
Direct Cinema
Direct Cinema is a documentary genre that originated between 1958 and 1962 in North America, principally in the Canadian province of Quebec and the United States...
to portrait the life of ancient human communities (ethnofiction
Ethnofiction
Ethnofiction is a neologism which refers to an ethnographic docufiction sub-genre, a blend of documentary and fiction film in the area of visual anthropology. It is a film style in which the portrayed characters play their own roles as members of an ethnic or social group.Jean Rouch is considered...
) of his country.
He started making films at the beginning of the sixties, at the same time as John Marshall
John Marshall
John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the United States whose court opinions helped lay the basis for American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches...
(EU) and Michel Brault
Michel Brault
Michel Brault, OQ is a Quebec cinematographer, cameraman, film director, screenwriter and film producer. He is a leading figure of Direct Cinema, characteristic of the French branch of the National Film Board of Canada in the 1960s...
(Canada). Without knowing much about Jean Rouch
Jean Rouch
Jean Rouch was a French filmmaker and anthropologist.He is considered to be one of the founders of the cinéma vérité in France, which shared the aesthetics of the direct cinema spearheaded by Richard Leacock, D.A. Pennebaker and Albert and David Maysles...
, he followed his steps in an original way.
Biography
He integrated a troupe of theatre amateurs and worked at a state department office in LeiriaLeiria
Leiria is a city in Leiria Municipality in the Centro Region, Portugal. It is the capital of Leiria District. The city proper has 50,200 inhabitants and the entire municipality has nearly 120,000...
. He got a subvention from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation is a Portuguese private foundation of public utility whose statutory aims are in the fields of arts, charity, education, and science...
in 1961, where he worked between 1970 and 1976, to study cinema in London. He took part in the 20th Century Film Festival, in Kracow, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
.
He was the delegate in Portugal for the International Federation of Art Film and a member of the International Union of Independent Filmmakers (UNICI).
He started making films as an amateur. He shot ethnographic films with 16 mm light cameras and with no scientific purposes, like some of his Portuguese fellows, such as António Reis
António Reis
António Reis was a Portuguese film director. He was married to Margarida Cordeiro, co-director in most of his films. He is considered as one of the most important directors of his country, due to the originality of his style.-Filmography:...
, Ricardo Costa
Ricardo Costa
Ricardo Costa may refer to:*Ricardo Costa , Portuguese*Ricardo Costa , Portuguese*Ricardo Costa *Ricardo Valter da Costa, Brazilian footballer*Ricardo Mion Varella Costa, Brazilian footballer...
or Pedro Costa
Pedro Costa
Pedro Costa is a Portuguese film director.He is acclaimed for using his ascetic style to depict the marginalised people in desperate living situations...
, this one using small mini dv cameras, some years later. After the Carnation Revolution
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution , also referred to as the 25 de Abril , was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance...
, he directed some theatrical fictional features in 35 mm, all with a strong anthropologic content. He was one of the representatives of the Portuguese Cinema Novo (or Novo Cinema), inspired by the French New Wave
French New Wave
The New Wave was a blanket term coined by critics for a group of French filmmakers of the late 1950s and 1960s, influenced by Italian Neorealism and classical Hollywood cinema. Although never a formally organized movement, the New Wave filmmakers were linked by their self-conscious rejection of...
.
His film Gente da Praia da Vieira (People of Praia da Vieira), 1976, is, together with Trás-os-Montes (film), by António Reis
António Reis
António Reis was a Portuguese film director. He was married to Margarida Cordeiro, co-director in most of his films. He is considered as one of the most important directors of his country, due to the originality of his style.-Filmography:...
and Margarida Cordeiro, and with Mau Tempo, Marés e Mudança (Changing Tides
Changing Tides
Changing Tides is a Portuguese feature-length film by Ricardo Costa, his first docufiction, preceding Bread and Wine and Mists ....
), by Ricardo Costa
Ricardo Costa
Ricardo Costa may refer to:*Ricardo Costa , Portuguese*Ricardo Costa , Portuguese*Ricardo Costa *Ricardo Valter da Costa, Brazilian footballer*Ricardo Mion Varella Costa, Brazilian footballer...
, one of the first docufiction
Docufiction
Docufiction is a neologism which refers to the cinematographic combination of documentary and fiction. More precisely, it is a documentary contaminated with fictional elements, in real time, filmed when the events take place, and in which someone - the character - plays his own role in real life...
s of Portuguese cinema. Shot on the same year, these films, in the same genre, are preceded by Acto da Primavera (Act of Spring), 1962, by Manoel de Oliveira
Manoel de Oliveira
Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira, GCSE is a Portuguese film director born in Cedofeita, Porto. He began working on films in the late 1920s, but did not receive international recognition until the early 1970s. Since the late 1980s he has been one of the most prolific working film directors and...
, and Ala-Arriba! (film)
Ala-Arriba! (film)
Ala-Arriba! is a 1942 Portuguese romantic docufiction set in Póvoa de Varzim, a traditional Portuguese fishing town.Dealing with ethnographic matters, it may be considered as an ethnofiction. The film was directed by Leitão de Barros, and stars real fishermen as themselves in order to give a...
, 1948, by José Leitão de Barros
José Leitão de Barros
José Leitão de Barros was a Portuguese film director and playwright.Among his most famous films are Maria do Mar , the second docufiction after ...
, a contemporary to Robert Flaherty. These films may also be classified as ethnofiction
Ethnofiction
Ethnofiction is a neologism which refers to an ethnographic docufiction sub-genre, a blend of documentary and fiction film in the area of visual anthropology. It is a film style in which the portrayed characters play their own roles as members of an ethnic or social group.Jean Rouch is considered...
s.
Filmography
Feature films- 1971 - Vilarinho das Furnas
- 1974 - Falamos de Rio de Onor (We talk about Rio de Onor)
- 1975 - Gente da Praia da Vieira (People of Praia da Vieira)
- 1978 - Histórias Selvagens (Savage stories)
- 1992 - Terra Fria (Cold Land)
Short and middle-length films
- 1957 - O rio Liz
- 1958 - Um tesouro
- 1959 - O Senhor
- 1961 - A Almadraba Atuneira
- 1961 - Leiria 61
- 1962 - Debussy
- 1962 - Instrumentos musicais populares
- 1962 - Colóquio do Comité Internacional dos Museus de Instrumentos Musicais
- 1963 - Arte portuguesa contemporânea em Leiria
- 1964 - Arte portuguesa contemporânea em Évora
- 1964 - La fille mal gardée
- 1964 - Incêndio no auditório antigo da Fundação Caloute Gulbenkian
- 1964 - Instrumentos musicais portugueses II
- 1965 - 100 anos de pintura francesa
- 1965 - A invenção do amor
- 1965 - Ouros do Peru
- 1965 - Retratos das margens do rio Liz
- 1966 - Arte do índio brasileiro
- 1966 - Chagall - Breve a lua, lua cheia virá aparecer
- 1966 - Inauguração do hospital S. João de Deus - Montemor-o-Novo
- 1967 - Colagem
- 1967 - Construção do Centro de Biologia de Oeiras da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
- 1967 - Iniciação musical pelo método Orff
- 1968 - Art portugais à Paris
- 1968 - Arte portuguesa : do naturalismo aos nossos dias
- 1968 - Festa de Natal dos funcionários da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
- 1968 - O Principezinho
- 1962-1969 - Obras de construção da sede, do museu e do grande auditório da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
- 1970 - Raul Lino (not finished)
- 1971 - Arte francesa depois de 1951
- 1972 - Portugal e a Pérsia
- 1973 - Rodin
- 1974 - Museu Calouste Gulbenkian em Lisboa
- 1975 - A Festa
- 1976 - Paredes pintadas da revolução portuguesa
- 1976 - Protecção arquitetónica sob a coordenação do Conselho da Europa (inacabado)
- 1976 - 20º aniversário da morte de Calouste Gulgenkian
- 1976 - Ex-votos portugueses
- 1979 - Ti Miséria
- 1987 - À descoberta de Leiria
- 1993 - A Tremonha de Cristal (not finished)
See also
- Cinema of PortugalCinema of PortugalPortuguese cinema has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. In the 1950s, Cinema Novo, sprang up as a movement concerned with showing realism in film, in the vein of Italian Neorealism and the French New Wave...
- Cinema NovoCinema NovoCinema Novo was practised by Brazilian filmmakers in the 1950s and 1960s. In Portugal, Novo Cinema flourished after the 1960s, where it lasted, inspired by Italian Neo-Realism and the French movement of the New wave, the direct cinema techniques, and by the ideals the Carnation Revolution up to...
- DocufictionDocufictionDocufiction is a neologism which refers to the cinematographic combination of documentary and fiction. More precisely, it is a documentary contaminated with fictional elements, in real time, filmed when the events take place, and in which someone - the character - plays his own role in real life...
- Visual anthropologyVisual anthropologyVisual anthropology is a subfield of cultural anthropology that is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media...
- Ethnographic filmEthnographic filmAn ethnographic film is a documentary film related to the methods of ethnology. It emerged in the 1960s as an important tool for research in the domain of visual anthropology, when filming human groups in society...
- Salvage EthnographySalvage ethnographySalvage ethnography is a term used by anthropologists beginning in the 1960s used as part of a critique of 19th century ethnography and early modern anthropology. The term was coined by Jacob Gruber, who identified its emergence with 19th century ethnographers documenting the languages of peoples...
- EthnofictionEthnofictionEthnofiction is a neologism which refers to an ethnographic docufiction sub-genre, a blend of documentary and fiction film in the area of visual anthropology. It is a film style in which the portrayed characters play their own roles as members of an ethnic or social group.Jean Rouch is considered...
- Direct cinemaDirect CinemaDirect Cinema is a documentary genre that originated between 1958 and 1962 in North America, principally in the Canadian province of Quebec and the United States...
- Cine season in Paris (Cinémathèque FrançaiseCinémathèque FrançaiseThe Cinémathèque Française holds one of the largest archives of films, movie documents and film-related objects in the world. Located in Paris, the Cinémathèque holds daily screenings of films from around the world.-History:...
, 2002 - in French)
External links
- António Campos – IMDb