Anti-plurality voting
Encyclopedia
Anti-plurality voting describes a voting method in which each voter votes against a single candidate, and the candidate with the fewest votes against wins. Anti-plurality voting is an example of a positional voting method.
, this system tends to favor middle-of-the-road candidates. However, it is very sensitive to tactical voting, as any candidate perceived beforehand as a potential winner will attract more countervotes from partisans of their opponents. This creates the paradoxical situation for the candidates that, in order to win, you need to appear not to be winning. For this reason, few would advocate this system for general high-stakes use, though for its simplicity it can be useful in specific situations (where voters are not motivated to use tactical voting).
, the participation criterion
and the consistency criterion
. It does not satisfy the Condorcet loser criterion
, the independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion
, the independence of clones criterion
or reversal symmetry
.
An Example
In this voting system, each voter would mark a vote against his or her fourth preference. In this case, it would be a tie between Nashville and Chattanooga, both received zero votes.Characteristics
As can be seen from the example, in the absence of tactical votingTactical voting
In voting systems, tactical voting occurs, in elections with more than two viable candidates, when a voter supports a candidate other than his or her sincere preference in order to prevent an undesirable outcome.It has been shown by the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem that any voting method which is...
, this system tends to favor middle-of-the-road candidates. However, it is very sensitive to tactical voting, as any candidate perceived beforehand as a potential winner will attract more countervotes from partisans of their opponents. This creates the paradoxical situation for the candidates that, in order to win, you need to appear not to be winning. For this reason, few would advocate this system for general high-stakes use, though for its simplicity it can be useful in specific situations (where voters are not motivated to use tactical voting).
Voting method criteria evaluation
APV satisfies the monotonicity criterionMonotonicity criterion
The monotonicity criterion is a voting system criterion used to analyze both single and multiple winner voting systems. A voting system is monotonic if it satisfies one of the definitions of the monotonicity criterion, given below.Douglas R...
, the participation criterion
Participation criterion
The participation criterion is a voting system criterion. It is also known as the "no show paradox". It has been defined as follows:* In a deterministic framework, the participation criterion says that the addition of a ballot, where candidate A is strictly preferred to candidate B, to an existing...
and the consistency criterion
Consistency criterion
A voting system is consistent if, when the electorate is divided arbitrarily into two parts and separate elections in each part result in the same choice being selected, an election of the entire electorate also selects that alternative...
. It does not satisfy the Condorcet loser criterion
Condorcet loser criterion
In single-winner voting system theory, the Condorcet loser criterion is a measure for differentiating voting systems. It implies the majority loser criterion....
, the independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion
Strategic nomination
Strategic nomination is the manipulation of an election through its candidate set...
, the independence of clones criterion
Strategic nomination
Strategic nomination is the manipulation of an election through its candidate set...
or reversal symmetry
Reversal symmetry
Reversal symmetry is a voting system criterion which requires that if candidate A is the unique winner, and each voter's individual preferences are inverted, then A must not be elected. Methods that satisfy reversal symmetry include Borda count, the Kemeny-Young method, and the Schulze method...
.
See also
- Plurality voting
- Approval votingApproval votingApproval voting is a single-winner voting system used for elections. Each voter may vote for as many of the candidates as the voter wishes. The winner is the candidate receiving the most votes. Each voter may vote for any combination of candidates and may give each candidate at most one vote.The...
- Disapproval votingDisapproval votingDisapproval voting is any voting system that allows many voters to express formal disapproval simultaneously, in a system where they all share some power. Unlike most voting systems, it requires that only negative measures or choices be presented to the voter or representative...
- Coombs' methodCoombs' methodThe Coombs' method is a voting system created by Clyde Coombs used for single-winner elections in which each voter rank the candidates in order of preference. It is very similar to instant-runoff voting , a more common preferential voting system.-Procedures:Each voter rank-orders all of the...
uses antiplurality counts with sequential elimination