Ankhesenamun
Encyclopedia
Ankhesenamun was a queen of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt
. Born as Ankhesenpaaten, she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh
Akhenaten
and his Great Royal Wife
Nefertiti
, and became the Great Royal Wife of her cousin Tutankhamun
. The change in her name reflects the changes in Ancient Egyptian religion during her lifetime after her father's death. Her youth is well documented in the ancient reliefs and paintings of the reign of her parents. Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun shared the same father but Tut's mother was Kira, a commoner.
She was probably born in year 4 of Akhenaten's reign and by year 12 of her father's reign she was joined by her three younger sisters. He possibly made his wife his co-regent and had his family portrayed in a realistic style in all official artwork.
Ankhesenamun was definitely married to one king - she was the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Tutankhamun
(who was also her half brother). It is also possible that she was briefly married to Tutankhamun's successor, Ay
, believed by some to be her maternal grandfather. It has also been posited that she may have been the great royal wife of her father, Akhenaten
, after the possible death of her mother and co-regent of Akhenaten's immediate successor, Smenkhkare
.
Recent DNA tests released in February 2010 have also speculated that one of two late 18th dynasty queens buried in KV 21 could be her mummy. Both mummies are thought to be members of the ruling house by DNA.
, a minor sun-god who was the physical Sun.
She is believed to have been born in Waset (present-day Thebes
), but probably grew up in her father's new capital city of Akhetaten (present-day Amarna
). The three eldest daughters – Meritaten
, Meketaten
, and Ankhesenpaaten – became the "Senior Princesses" and participated in many functions of the government and religion. Her birthdate is not yet known for certain.
She is believed to have been married first to her own father, and is thought to have been the mother of the princess Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit
(possibly by her father or by Smenkhkare
) when she was twelve, although the parentage is unclear.
After her father's death, and the short reigns of Smenkhkare, and Neferneferuaten
, she became the wife of Tutankhamun
. Following their marriage, the couple honored the deities of the restored religion
by changing their names to Tutankhamen and Ankhesenamen. The couple appear to have had two stillborn daughters, although there is no evidence of their relationship to the remains found in Tutankhamun's tomb
. As Tutankhamun's only known wife was Ankkhesenamun, it is highly likely the foetuses are her daughters. Some time in the ninth year of his reign, at about the age of eighteen, Tutankhamen died suddenly leaving Ankhesenamen alone without an heir at about age twenty-one.
A ring discovered is thought to show that Ankhesenamen married Ay
, shortly before she disappeared from history, although no monuments show her as a royal consort. On the walls of Ay's tomb it is Tey
(Ay's senior wife), not Ankhesenamen, who appears as queen. She probably died during or shortly after his reign and as of yet no burial has been found for her.
DNA testing announced in February 2010 has speculated that her mummy is one of two 18th dynasty queens recovered from KV21 in the Valley of the Kings
. The two fetuses found buried with Tutankhamun
have been proven to be his children, and the current theory is Ankhesenamun is their mother. Not enough DNA was able to be retrieved from the mummies in KV21
to make positive identities of the queens. Enough DNA was pulled to show, that the mummy known as KV21a fits as the mother of the two foetuses in Tutankhamun's tomb. The assumption that she is Ankhesenamun fits with her being the only known wife of Tutankhamun in the historical record.
There is however one problem with this identification: if KV21a is Ankhesenamun, then the
KV55 mummy
cannot be Akhenaten
, known to be her father from historical records. The DNA retrieved of the KV21a mummy fits with her being the mother of the foetuses, but not the daughter of KV55. Therefore:
A) this mummy is not Ankhesenamun, but another, unknown wife of Tutankhamun, or
B) the KV55 mummy is not Akhenaten, but another brother of his, possibly the ephemeral Smenkhare.
The KV21a mummy though, does have DNA consistent with the 18th dynasty royal line, therefore fits as a member of the Thutmosid ruling house.
which dates to the Amarna period; the so called "Deeds" of Suppiluliuma I
. The king receives a letter from the Egyptian queen, while being in siege on Karkemish. The letter reads:
This document is considered extraordinary, as Egyptians traditionally considered foreigners to be inferior. Understandably, Suppiluliuma I was wary and had an envoy investigate, but by so doing, he missed his chance to bring Egypt into his empire. He eventually did send one of his sons, Zannanza
, but the prince died, perhaps murdered, en route.
The identity of the queen who wrote the letter is uncertain. She is called Dakhamunzu
in the Hittite annuals, a possible translation of the Egyptian title Tahemetnesu (The King's Wife). Possible candidates are Nefertiti
, Meritaten
, and Ankhesenamen. Ankhesenamen seems more likely since there were no candidates for the throne on the death of her husband, Tutankhamen, whereas Akhenaten had at least two legitimate successors. Furthermore, the phrase regarding marriage to 'one of my subjects' (translated by some as 'servants') is most likely a reference to the Grand Vizier Ay
who was pressuring the young widow to marry him and legitimise his claim to the throne of Egypt (which she eventually did). This also might explain why she describes herself as 'afraid', especially considering the popular (but not widely accepted) theory that Ay had a hand in her husband's death. Recent scientific evidence indicates that Tutankhamun died of malaria
.
it is speculated that it was designed for Ankhesenamen due to its proximity to the tomb of Tutankhamun
's KV62
. Also found in the tomb were coffin
s (one with an imprint of a woman on it), women's clothing, jewellery and natron
. Fragments of pottery bearing the partial name Paaten were also in the tomb. The only royal person known to bear this name was Ankhesenamen, whose name was originally Ankhesenpaaten. However there were no mummies found in KV63 so it remains just speculation.
Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt
The eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is perhaps the best known of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt...
. Born as Ankhesenpaaten, she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
Akhenaten
Akhenaten
Akhenaten also spelled Echnaton,Ikhnaton,and Khuenaten;meaning "living spirit of Aten") known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV , was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC...
and his Great Royal Wife
Great Royal Wife
Great Royal Wife or Chief King's Wife is the term used to refer to the chief wife of the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. While most Ancient Egyptians were monogamous, the pharaoh would have had other, lesser wives and concubines in addition to the Great Royal Wife...
Nefertiti
Nefertiti
Nefertiti was the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious revolution, in which they started to worship one god only...
, and became the Great Royal Wife of her cousin Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun , Egyptian , ; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty , during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom...
. The change in her name reflects the changes in Ancient Egyptian religion during her lifetime after her father's death. Her youth is well documented in the ancient reliefs and paintings of the reign of her parents. Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun shared the same father but Tut's mother was Kira, a commoner.
She was probably born in year 4 of Akhenaten's reign and by year 12 of her father's reign she was joined by her three younger sisters. He possibly made his wife his co-regent and had his family portrayed in a realistic style in all official artwork.
Ankhesenamun was definitely married to one king - she was the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun , Egyptian , ; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty , during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom...
(who was also her half brother). It is also possible that she was briefly married to Tutankhamun's successor, Ay
Ay
Ay was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 18th dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period , although he was a close advisor to two and perhaps three of the pharaohs who ruled before him and was the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun's reign...
, believed by some to be her maternal grandfather. It has also been posited that she may have been the great royal wife of her father, Akhenaten
Akhenaten
Akhenaten also spelled Echnaton,Ikhnaton,and Khuenaten;meaning "living spirit of Aten") known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV , was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC...
, after the possible death of her mother and co-regent of Akhenaten's immediate successor, Smenkhkare
Smenkhkare
Smenkhkare was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain...
.
Recent DNA tests released in February 2010 have also speculated that one of two late 18th dynasty queens buried in KV 21 could be her mummy. Both mummies are thought to be members of the ruling house by DNA.
Early life
Ankhesenpaaten was born in a time when Egypt was in transition (c. 1348 BC). Her father had abandoned the old deities of Egypt in favor of the AtenAten
Aten is the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of Ra. The deified Aten is the focus of the monolatristic, henotheistic, or monotheistic religion of Atenism established by Amenhotep IV, who later took the name Akhenaten in worship in recognition of Aten...
, a minor sun-god who was the physical Sun.
She is believed to have been born in Waset (present-day Thebes
Thebes, Egypt
Thebes is the Greek name for a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile within the modern city of Luxor. The Theban Necropolis is situated nearby on the west bank of the Nile.-History:...
), but probably grew up in her father's new capital city of Akhetaten (present-day Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
). The three eldest daughters – Meritaten
Meritaten
Meritaten also spelled Merytaten or Meryetaten was an ancient Egyptian queen of the eighteenth dynasty, who held the position of Great Royal Wife to Pharaoh Smenkhkare, who may have been a brother or son of Akhenaten...
, Meketaten
Meketaten
Meketaten was the second daughter of six born to the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti. She was probably born in year 4 of Akhenaten's reign...
, and Ankhesenpaaten – became the "Senior Princesses" and participated in many functions of the government and religion. Her birthdate is not yet known for certain.
Later life
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th dynasty. She is most commonly held to have been the daughter of Ankhesenpaaten and Akhenaten himself, though it is also possible that her mother was Kiya, Akhenaten's second wife...
(possibly by her father or by Smenkhkare
Smenkhkare
Smenkhkare was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain...
) when she was twelve, although the parentage is unclear.
After her father's death, and the short reigns of Smenkhkare, and Neferneferuaten
Neferneferuaten
Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten was a woman who reigned as pharaoh toward the end of the Amarna era during the Eighteenth Dynasty. The royal succession of this period is very unclear. Manetho's Epitome, an ancient historical source written in Egypt during the third century B.C., mentions a certain...
, she became the wife of Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun , Egyptian , ; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty , during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom...
. Following their marriage, the couple honored the deities of the restored religion
Amun
Amun, reconstructed Egyptian Yamānu , was a god in Egyptian mythology who in the form of Amun-Ra became the focus of the most complex system of theology in Ancient Egypt...
by changing their names to Tutankhamen and Ankhesenamen. The couple appear to have had two stillborn daughters, although there is no evidence of their relationship to the remains found in Tutankhamun's tomb
KV62
KV62 is the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings , which became famous for the wealth of treasure it contained. The tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, underneath the remains of workmen's huts built during the Ramesside Period; this explains why it was spared from the worst of...
. As Tutankhamun's only known wife was Ankkhesenamun, it is highly likely the foetuses are her daughters. Some time in the ninth year of his reign, at about the age of eighteen, Tutankhamen died suddenly leaving Ankhesenamen alone without an heir at about age twenty-one.
A ring discovered is thought to show that Ankhesenamen married Ay
Ay
Ay was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 18th dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period , although he was a close advisor to two and perhaps three of the pharaohs who ruled before him and was the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun's reign...
, shortly before she disappeared from history, although no monuments show her as a royal consort. On the walls of Ay's tomb it is Tey
Tey
Tey was the wife of Kheperkheprure Ay , who was the penultimate pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 18th dynasty. She was also the wetnurse of Queen Nefertiti....
(Ay's senior wife), not Ankhesenamen, who appears as queen. She probably died during or shortly after his reign and as of yet no burial has been found for her.
DNA testing announced in February 2010 has speculated that her mummy is one of two 18th dynasty queens recovered from KV21 in the Valley of the Kings
Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings , less often called the Valley of the Gates of the Kings , is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom .The valley stands on the west bank of...
. The two fetuses found buried with Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun , Egyptian , ; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty , during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom...
have been proven to be his children, and the current theory is Ankhesenamun is their mother. Not enough DNA was able to be retrieved from the mummies in KV21
KV21
Tomb KV21 is located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It contains the mummies of two women, thought to be Eighteenth Dynasty queens. In 2010, a team including geneticist Carsten Pusch used DNA evidence to identify one mummy as the biological mother of the two fetuses preserved in the tomb of...
to make positive identities of the queens. Enough DNA was pulled to show, that the mummy known as KV21a fits as the mother of the two foetuses in Tutankhamun's tomb. The assumption that she is Ankhesenamun fits with her being the only known wife of Tutankhamun in the historical record.
There is however one problem with this identification: if KV21a is Ankhesenamun, then the
KV55 mummy
KV55
KV55 is a tomb in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It was discovered by Edward R. Ayrton in 1907 while he was working in the Valley for Theodore M. Davis. It has long been speculated, as well as much-disputed, that the body found in this tomb was that of the famous 'heretic king' Akhenaten...
cannot be Akhenaten
Akhenaten
Akhenaten also spelled Echnaton,Ikhnaton,and Khuenaten;meaning "living spirit of Aten") known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV , was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC...
, known to be her father from historical records. The DNA retrieved of the KV21a mummy fits with her being the mother of the foetuses, but not the daughter of KV55. Therefore:
A) this mummy is not Ankhesenamun, but another, unknown wife of Tutankhamun, or
B) the KV55 mummy is not Akhenaten, but another brother of his, possibly the ephemeral Smenkhare.
The KV21a mummy though, does have DNA consistent with the 18th dynasty royal line, therefore fits as a member of the Thutmosid ruling house.
The Hittite Letters
A document was found in the ancient Hittite capital of HattusaHattusa
Hattusa was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age. It was located near modern Boğazkale, Turkey, within the great loop of the Kızıl River ....
which dates to the Amarna period; the so called "Deeds" of Suppiluliuma I
Suppiluliuma I
Suppiluliuma I was king of the Hittites . He achieved fame as a great warrior and statesman, successfully challenging the then-dominant Egyptian empire for control of the lands between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates....
. The king receives a letter from the Egyptian queen, while being in siege on Karkemish. The letter reads:
"My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons. You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband... I am afraid."
This document is considered extraordinary, as Egyptians traditionally considered foreigners to be inferior. Understandably, Suppiluliuma I was wary and had an envoy investigate, but by so doing, he missed his chance to bring Egypt into his empire. He eventually did send one of his sons, Zannanza
Zannanza
Prince Zannanza was a son of Suppiluliuma I, king of the Hittites. He is best known for almost becoming the Pharaoh of Egypt, and because his death caused a diplomatic incident between the Hittite and Egyptian Empires, that resulted in warfare.The Egyptian Queen Dakhamunzu, who could have been...
, but the prince died, perhaps murdered, en route.
The identity of the queen who wrote the letter is uncertain. She is called Dakhamunzu
Dakhamunzu
Dakhamunzu is the name of an Egyptian queen known from the Hittite annals The Deeds of Suppiluliuma, which were composed by Suppiluliuma I's son Mursili II. The identity of this queen has not yet been established with any degree of certainty and Dakhamunzu has variously been identified as either...
in the Hittite annuals, a possible translation of the Egyptian title Tahemetnesu (The King's Wife). Possible candidates are Nefertiti
Nefertiti
Nefertiti was the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious revolution, in which they started to worship one god only...
, Meritaten
Meritaten
Meritaten also spelled Merytaten or Meryetaten was an ancient Egyptian queen of the eighteenth dynasty, who held the position of Great Royal Wife to Pharaoh Smenkhkare, who may have been a brother or son of Akhenaten...
, and Ankhesenamen. Ankhesenamen seems more likely since there were no candidates for the throne on the death of her husband, Tutankhamen, whereas Akhenaten had at least two legitimate successors. Furthermore, the phrase regarding marriage to 'one of my subjects' (translated by some as 'servants') is most likely a reference to the Grand Vizier Ay
Ay
Ay was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 18th dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period , although he was a close advisor to two and perhaps three of the pharaohs who ruled before him and was the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun's reign...
who was pressuring the young widow to marry him and legitimise his claim to the throne of Egypt (which she eventually did). This also might explain why she describes herself as 'afraid', especially considering the popular (but not widely accepted) theory that Ay had a hand in her husband's death. Recent scientific evidence indicates that Tutankhamun died of malaria
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by eukaryotic protists of the genus Plasmodium. The disease results from the multiplication of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases...
.
KV63
After excavating the tomb KV63KV63
KV63 is the most recently opened chamber in Egypt's Valley of the Kings pharaonic necropolis. Initially believed to be a royal tomb, it is now believed to have been a storage chamber for the mummification process....
it is speculated that it was designed for Ankhesenamen due to its proximity to the tomb of Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun , Egyptian , ; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty , during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom...
's KV62
KV62
KV62 is the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings , which became famous for the wealth of treasure it contained. The tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, underneath the remains of workmen's huts built during the Ramesside Period; this explains why it was spared from the worst of...
. Also found in the tomb were coffin
Coffin
A coffin is a funerary box used in the display and containment of dead people – either for burial or cremation.Contemporary North American English makes a distinction between "coffin", which is generally understood to denote a funerary box having six sides in plan view, and "casket", which...
s (one with an imprint of a woman on it), women's clothing, jewellery and natron
Natron
Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate and about 17% sodium bicarbonate along with small quantities of household salt and sodium sulfate. Natron is white to colourless when pure, varying to gray or yellow with impurities...
. Fragments of pottery bearing the partial name Paaten were also in the tomb. The only royal person known to bear this name was Ankhesenamen, whose name was originally Ankhesenpaaten. However there were no mummies found in KV63 so it remains just speculation.
In contemporary media
Ankhesenpaaten/Ankhesenamum appears as a fictionalized character in these works:- in the Belgian series, Het Huis AnubisHet Huis AnubisHet Huis Anubis is a Belgian/Dutch children's television drama created by Studio 100 and Nickelodeon, airing in the Netherlands and Flanders. It first aired in September 2006 and the last episode was broadcast on December 4, 2009...
, as The Vengeful Wife of Tutankhamun. - as the main character in Christian JacqChristian JacqChristian Jacq is a French author and Egyptologist. He has written several novels about ancient Egypt, notably a five book suite about pharaoh Ramses II, a character whom Jacq admires greatly....
's novel La reine soleil, and in The Lost Queen of Egypt, by Lucile Morrison. - in the mangaMangaManga is the Japanese word for "comics" and consists of comics and print cartoons . In the West, the term "manga" has been appropriated to refer specifically to comics created in Japan, or by Japanese authors, in the Japanese language and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 19th...
series Red RiverRed River (manga), also known as Anatolia Story, is a historical fantasy shōjo manga series by Chie Shinohara. It is published in Japan by Shogakukan in Sho-Comi and collected in 28 volumes. It is published in English in North America by VIZ Media, with 25 volumes released as of April 2009 and the remaining 3...
by Chie ShinoharaChie Shinoharais an award winning Japanese manga artist best known for Red River, known in Japan as Sora wa Akai Kawa no Hotori: Anatolia Story. She has twice received the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōjo, in 1987 for Yami no Purple Eye and in 2001 for Red River....
. This appearance is in relation to the Hittite Letters event. - a character in Nefertiti by Michelle MoranMichelle MoranMichelle Moran is an American novelist. She was born in California's San Fernando Valley. She took an interest in writing from an early age, purchasing Writer's Market and submitting her stories and novellas to publishers from the time she was twelve...
, as the third of her six daughters. - the main character in the novel Tutankhamun and the Daughter of Ra by Moyra Caldecott.
- Her name is used as the love of Imhotep, the titular mummy in the original 1932 film The MummyThe Mummy (1932 film)The Mummy is a 1932 horror film from Universal Studios directed by Karl Freund and starring Boris Karloff as a revived ancient Egyptian priest. The movie also features Zita Johann, David Manners and Edward Van Sloan...
, which was made after the publicity surrounding the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb. She is portrayed by Zita JohannZita JohannZita Johann was an American actress, best known for her role as Princess Ankhesenamón in Karl Freund's 1932 film version of The Mummy, co-starring with Boris Karloff....
. Her role is repeated in remakes. In the 1999 film The MummyThe Mummy (1999 film)The Mummy is a 1999 American adventure film written and directed by Stephen Sommers and starring Brendan Fraser, Rachel Weisz, John Hannah and Kevin J. O'Connor, with Arnold Vosloo in the title role as the reanimated mummy. The film features substantial dialogue in ancient Egyptian language, spoken...
and its sequel The Mummy ReturnsThe Mummy ReturnsThe Mummy Returns is a 2001 American adventure film written and directed by Stephen Sommers, starring Brendan Fraser, Rachel Weisz, John Hannah, Arnold Vosloo, Oded Fehr, Patricia Velásquez and Freddie Boath. The film is a sequel to the 1999 film The Mummy...
she is played by Rachel WeiszRachel WeiszRachel Hannah Weisz born 7 March 1970)is an English-American film and theatre actress and former fashion model. She started her acting career at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where she co-founded the theatrical group Cambridge Talking Tongues...
. In the 1932 film, her name is spelled Ankh-es-en-amon. In the 1999 film, it is spelled Anck-su-namun. - The novel Pillar of Fire by Judith TarrJudith TarrJudith Tarr is an American author, best known for her fantasy books. She received her B.A. in Latin and English from Mount Holyoke College in 1976, and has an M.A. in Classics from Cambridge University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Medieval Studies from Yale University...
deals in large part with the life of Ankhesenamun. - in P.C. DohertyP.C. DohertyPaul C. Doherty is an award-winning British author, educator, lecturer and historian. He is also the Headmaster of Trinity Catholic High School, Woodford Green, Essex, in the United Kingdom.-Biography:...
's Akhenaten trilogy where she is implicated in Tutankhamun's death and is to marry a Hittite Prince. - as a major character in murder mystery based on speculation about her husband's death by James PattersonJames PattersonJames B. Patterson is an American author of thriller novels, largely known for his series about American psychologist Alex Cross...
and Martin DugardMartin Dugard (author)Martin Dugard is an American author living in Rancho Santa Margarita, Orange County, California. He lives with his wife and three sons. His works include:* Chasing Lance* Surviving the Toughest Race on Earth...
. - as a major character in Tutankhamun: the Book of Shadows, by Nick Drake.
Ancestry
Further reading
- Akhenaten, King of Egypt, by Cyril Aldred, 1988, Thames & Hudson.