Anderton, Lancashire
Encyclopedia
Anderton is civil parish
Civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation and, where they are found, the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties...

 in the Borough of Chorley
Chorley (borough)
Chorley is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, the town of Chorley.-Creation:...

 in Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...

, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

. It is now a suburb of Adlington
Adlington, Lancashire
Adlington is a town and civil parish in Lancashire, England, near the West Pennine Moors and the town of Chorley. Six miles northwest of Bolton, it became a separate parish in 1842 then grew into a town around the textile industry. It has a population of 5,270.-Toponymy:The last element 'ington'...

. 5 miles northwest of Bolton, Its east boundary is in the Rivington Reservoir
Rivington
Rivington is a small village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England, occupying . It is about southeast of Chorley and about northwest of Bolton. Rivington is situated on the fringe of the West Pennine Moors, at the foot of Rivington Pike...

. Grimeford Village is in the parish. The parish has a population of 1,206.

The M61 motorway
M61 motorway
The M61 motorway is a motorway in North West England. It runs from the M60 motorway northwest of Manchester and heads northwest past Bolton and Chorley to join the M6 just north of the junction between the M6 and M65 motorways to the south of Preston....

 runs north through the parish, which is the site of Rivington services.

Toponymy

The name Anderton is derived from the Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon is a term used by historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Great Britain beginning in the early 5th century AD, and the period from their creation of the English nation to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon Era denotes the period of...

 personal name Eandred and the Old English word tun - meaning the settlement belonging to Eandred. It gives its name to the Anderton family
Anderton family
The Anderton Family were a noble family, which was divided into several branches, lived in various places throughout Lancashire, England. After the Reformation they provided a number of prominent Roman Catholics.Prominent members included:...

 who branched out into Clayton-le-Woods
Clayton-le-Woods
Clayton-le-Woods is a large village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, in Lancashire, England. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001 it has a population of 14,528.-Geography:...

, Euxton
Euxton
Euxton is a village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, in Lancashire, England. The village is pronounced "Exton") and is situated just to the south of Leyland, and to the west of Chorley.-Early Industry:...

, Lostock, Birchley Hall
Birchley Hall
Birchley Hall is a grade II* listed Elizabethan house built in about 1594, in Billinge, Merseyside, England. It is situated in postcode WN5 7QL....

 and other places throughout Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...

.

Prehistoric history

A Neolithic or Bronze Age stone found in 1999 near the Lower Rivington Reservoir
Lower Rivington Reservoir
Lower Rivington Reservoir is at the end of the Rivington chain of reservoirs, with Upper Rivington Reservoir to the north, and Rivington Water Treatment Works to the south....

 is now on show outside the Anderton Centre it has the "Cup and ring mark" and is believed to be dated between 2000BC to 3000BC.

The Headless Cross is pre conquest and is a well known local landmark. that was found at Rivington Church
Rivington Church
Rivington Church is an active Church of England parish church in Rivington, Lancashire, England. The Church has been designated as a Grade II Listed building. The Church has no patron saint and is not named after a saint or martyr. It has been variously called St. Lawrence, St. George, Holy...

. The cross was split up between 1853 and 1855. Around 1865 the lower parts of the monument were moved to Horwich whilst its corona or crown had been used in a building near Chorley, prior to this the Cross was displayed inside Rivington Church. Its lower half was finally sited in its current position after the death of Lord Leverhulme with its corona or crown still missing, to be known thereafter as the headless cross.

Manor

The Penwortham
Penwortham
-Landmarks:Penwortham Priory was built for the Rawsthorne family and redesigned by the Cumbrian architect George Webster. The priory was demolished due to the rapid expansion of the area and the need for new housing...

 fee, a vast Barony included Anderton and was granted to Robert Gresle
Robert de Gresle
Robert de Gresle was the first Baron of Manchester to live in Manchester. Initially the Gresle family, who were Normans, were not residents in Manchester. Stewards had previously represented the lords of the manor....

, Baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...

 of Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

 in 1212. Over time the manor of Anderton became the shared property of families named Anderton and Cunliffe, being held in moieties
Moiety title
Moiety title is legal term describing a portion other than a whole of ownership of property. The word derives from Old French moitié meaning "half" , from Latin medietas "middle", from medius....

.

The manor can be traced to 1281 belonging to the Andertons who also claimed a quarter of Rivington
Rivington
Rivington is a small village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England, occupying . It is about southeast of Chorley and about northwest of Bolton. Rivington is situated on the fringe of the West Pennine Moors, at the foot of Rivington Pike...

. The Manor remained with the Andertons for many centuries. Old Anderton hall is mentioned as being property of Peter the son of Oliver Anderton who died in 1559, with various buildings, lands, a watermill and half another mill in Anderton and Healey. Anderton was held of Sir Thomas Gerard and William Anderton, William was the son and heir of Peter Anderton and held the property when a child.

William Anderton made a settlement or mortgage of his estate in 1593. He appears among the freeholders in 1600 as a convicted recusant he suffered the sequestration
Sequestration (law)
Sequestration is the act of removing, separating, or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state.-Etymology:...

 of two-thirds of his estates in 1593 which still continued in force in 1607 and he is named again among the contributors to the subsidy
Subsidy roll
Subsidy Rolls are records of taxation in England made between the 12th and 17th centuries. They are often valuable sources of historical information....

 in 1628. He died without issue in August 1634 holding the manor of Anderton and a water corn-mill is mentioned. His brother Peter, then seventy years of age, was his heir and had a son William.

Peter Anderton died about April 1640, and his son William had his estates confiscated and sold by Parliament in 1652. He was still living in 1664, when a pedigree was recorded. In the same year he made a settlement of the manor to Francis Anderton of Lostock, and four years later Francis purchased the estate from Peter Anderton and Roger his brother, the surviving sons of William. From this time the manor descended in the same way as Lostock — from Anderton to Blundell and Stonor.

The manor was sold by Mr. Charles Joseph Stonor in 1897 to Richard Bond, George T. Brown and Augustine Bond for £45,000. Two years later the hall and 237 acre (0.95910582 km²) of land were sold to the Liverpool Corporation for the protection of the Rivington water supply and the remainder was divided between the purchasers, the manorial rights
Lord of the Manor
The Lordship of a Manor is recognised today in England and Wales as a form of property and one of three elements of a manor that may exist separately or be combined and may be held in moieties...

 being included in the share of Mr. Richard Bond. No manorial courts were held.

Ladyhall was the Cunliffe portion of the manor. Around 1400 a moiety of the village of Anderton together with Cunliffe in Billington
Billington, Lancashire
Billington is a village in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire. It lies between the town of Whalley and the village of Langho. It forms part of the Billington and Langho civil parish and contains the schools St Augustine's RC High School, St Leonard's Primary and St Mary's Primary.- External...

 and Wilpshire
Wilpshire
Wilpshire is a village and civil parish in the county of Lancashire, England. It is north of Blackburn, and forms part of the town's urban area, although it is in the Ribble Valley local government district...

 and other lands came into the possession of Adam de Lever of Great Lever
Great Lever
Great Lever is mainly a residential suburb of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. Historically within Lancashire, it is about 2½ miles south of Bolton town centre and the same distance north of Farnworth town centre. Great Lever has many shops and services serving the local community...

 in right of his wife Margaret sister of Roger de Cunliffe. It was sold in 1629, together with Great Lever, to Bishop Bridgeman, whose son Sir Orlando in 1663 sold it to Francis Anderton of Lostock. The moieties were reunited to one owner. Ladyhall or Ladyhoug Rivington, grid ref: SD 6110 2360 is now underwater at the Upper Rivington Reservoir.

Industry

There were many hand loom weavers in Anderton in the nineteenth century. British muslins were first manufactured at Anderton in 1764, and that there in 1782 were for the first time in England produced 'the Balasore handkerchiefs, the jaconet and japanned muslins in the style of India. In 1779 Samuel Oldknow
Samuel Oldknow
thumb|Samuel OldknowSamuel Oldknow was an English cotton manufacturer.Samuel Oldknow Jnr, the eldest son of Samuel Oldknow Sr and Margaret Foster, was born 5 October 1756 in Anderton, near Chorley, Lancashire, and died 18 September 1828 at Mellor Lodge, Derbyshire. He had an elder sister named...

 purchased a number of spinning mules suitable for use in the manufacture of muslin and in 1781 Samuel entered into partnership with his brother Thomas in 1782 during which time he resided at Roscoe Lowe Farm, Anderton, expanding into the manufacture of cotton goods using the Roscoe Lowe Barn as a workshop. Samuel Oldknows father is interred at Rivington Unitarian Chapel
Rivington Unitarian Chapel
Rivington Unitarian Chapel is a place of Unitarian worship in Rivington, Lancashire, England. It was founded in 1703 and its motto is "Here let no man a stranger be". The chapel is a Grade II* listed building, and its restoration in 1990 was aided by English Heritage...

. Oldknow used Putting-out system of production in Anderton, whereby raw cotton was distributed to spinners and yarn to weavers who worked in their homes and workshops. The finished cloth was then returned to Oldknow's warehouse for checking and payment.

Demography

Year 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1951 1961
Population 262 317 454 819 973 956 969 904 992
Source: Vision of Britain.

Transport

The M61 motorway
M61 motorway
The M61 motorway is a motorway in North West England. It runs from the M60 motorway northwest of Manchester and heads northwest past Bolton and Chorley to join the M6 just north of the junction between the M6 and M65 motorways to the south of Preston....

 runs north through the parish, which is the site of Rivington services. The A673 road is the only main road which crosses Anderton.

Education

St Joseph's Catholic Primary School is a Voluntary aided
Voluntary aided school
A voluntary aided school is a state-funded school in England and Wales in which a foundation or trust owns the school buildings, contributes to building costs and has a substantial influence in the running of the school...

 primary school and is located on Rothwell Road in Anderton. It has around 147 students, aged between 5 and 11 years old.

Religious sites

St Joseph's Church is a Roman Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...

 place of worship within the Archdiocese of Liverpool, it also serves Roman Catholics in Adlington
Adlington, Lancashire
Adlington is a town and civil parish in Lancashire, England, near the West Pennine Moors and the town of Chorley. Six miles northwest of Bolton, it became a separate parish in 1842 then grew into a town around the textile industry. It has a population of 5,270.-Toponymy:The last element 'ington'...

, Heath Charnock
Heath Charnock
Heath Charnock is a small village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England. It is adjacent to Adlington and Anderton. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001 it has a population of 2,065.-History:...

 and Rivington
Rivington
Rivington is a small village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England, occupying . It is about southeast of Chorley and about northwest of Bolton. Rivington is situated on the fringe of the West Pennine Moors, at the foot of Rivington Pike...

. Anderton New Hall, also known as Stoners Anderton Hall stood on the Anderton side of the lower Rivington reservoir, was built for Charles Joseph Stoner Esq who made significant contributions to the build of St. Josephs Church had earlier paid for the building a presbytery at the Hall. The Hall Catholic Chapel was used by locals until 1863 when St. Josephs Church was built. The Hall was last owned by the Lawrence family and demolished in 1930, today's its armorial stones that once surrounded the building are a garden wall at Rivington Hall
Rivington Hall
Rivington Hall is a Grade II* Listed building located in Rivington, Lancashire, England. It was the manor house for the Lords of the Manor of Rivington. The hall is of various builds as successor to a fifteenth-century timber-framed courtyard house that was built near to the present building of...

 Records indicate a chapel existed in 1370 at Anderton Hall and a sculptured stone depicting the shack bolts from the arms of the Andertons and a crucified figure with 'Inri' above known as 'The Anderton Stone' is now at Rivington Church and is believed to have from Anderton Hall chapel. Above this stone is another carved with a Sator Square reading "SATOR AREPO TENET OPERA ROTAS".

St.Paul's Church of England
Church of England
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...

 Parish Church and Rivington Church
Rivington Church
Rivington Church is an active Church of England parish church in Rivington, Lancashire, England. The Church has been designated as a Grade II Listed building. The Church has no patron saint and is not named after a saint or martyr. It has been variously called St. Lawrence, St. George, Holy...

 serve Anglicans and residents of Anderton have the right to take part in the election of the minister.

Listed buildings and structures

The term listed building, in the United Kingdom, refers to a building or structure designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance. They are categorised in three grades: Grade I is the highest. Buildings in England are listed by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
The Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport is a United Kingdom cabinet position with responsibility for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The role was created in 1992 by John Major as Secretary of State for National Heritage...

 on recommendations provided by English Heritage
English Heritage
English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...

, which also determines the grading.

There are twelve grade II listed buildings and structures within Anderton that are nationally important and of special interest. Andertons listed buildings are varied, reflecting its rural and historic importance. The earliest is the Headless Cross, a pre conquest Scheduled Monument located in Grimeford Village at SD 6190 1302 Early in the twentieth century William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme was an English industrialist, philanthropist, and politician....

 adapted the Headless Cross to make a sun dial at his Bungalow in Rivington. The monument was moved to its current position by his son the 2nd Viscount Leverhulme in 1925. The most recently constructed of the twelve grade II listed buildings being 'Brown Low', a house and outbuildings that was built in 1907 for C F & L Sixsmith. The designs are by Charles Holden
Charles Holden
Charles Henry Holden, Litt. D., FRIBA, MRTPI, RDI was a Bolton-born English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s, for Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway and for the...

, a leading architect from Bolton
Bolton
Bolton is a town in Greater Manchester, in the North West of England. Close to the West Pennine Moors, it is north west of the city of Manchester. Bolton is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, of which Bolton is the...

, then resident in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

. Other buildings include Roscoe Lowe and Barn once used as a base by Samuel Oldknow
Samuel Oldknow
thumb|Samuel OldknowSamuel Oldknow was an English cotton manufacturer.Samuel Oldknow Jnr, the eldest son of Samuel Oldknow Sr and Margaret Foster, was born 5 October 1756 in Anderton, near Chorley, Lancashire, and died 18 September 1828 at Mellor Lodge, Derbyshire. He had an elder sister named...

s as a workshop. Locally sourced stone for walls and slate for roofs are the predominant building materials used including in the build of those not listed.
  • Roscoe Lowe Farmhouse, Roscoe Lowe Brow, grade II, built 1759, listed building number 184259
  • Barn & Shippon on east side of road, opposite Roscoe Lowe Farmhouse Roscoe Lowe Brow, grade II, built 1588, listed building number 184260
  • Norris Fold Farmhouse & Cottage, with garden wall, Bolton Road, grade II, built 1710, listed building number 184252
  • Greenhalgh Farmhouse Greenhalgh Lane, grade II, built 1703 on site of earlier build, listed building number, 184253
  • Heskins Farmhouse Grimeford Lane, grade II, built 1715, listed building number 184254
  • Headless Cross, pre conquest with 18th century additions, grade II, Historical Monument, listed building number 184255
  • Stocks c.10 metres west of Headless Cross Headless Cross , dated 1808, grade II, listed building number 184256
  • Tan Pits Farmhouse New Road, grade II, 1722 date stone build likely earlier, listed building number 184257
  • Pigsty c.10 metres east of Tan Pits Farmhouse New Road, grade II, eighteenth century, listed building number 184258
  • Barn c.50 metres north of Anderton Old Hall Farmhouse Squirrel Lane, grade II, built eighteenth century and since altered, listed building number 184261
  • Stable c100 metres north of Anderton Old Hall Farmhouse, grade II, built 1720, listed building number 184262
  • Brown Low, New Lane, grade II, built 1907, listed building number 184585.,

Geography

Economy

Leisure & Tourism Leisure activities are today a feature of the area based at the Anderton Centre built on the site of Anderton New Hall, also known as Stoners Anderton Hall, now demolished. The centre was established in 1999 on the banks of the Lower Rivington reservoir and is a purpose built training facility and outdoor pursuit centre a for water activities with fantastic grounds and surrounding countryside for land activities offering a Restaurant, conference rooms, bedrooms and kitchen, veranda on 1st floor with a Boat house, small wooden jetty, private tree lined drive to the centre, open fields with wooded areas. Office arranged in "courtyard" arrangement. The area being next to Rivington, a popular tourist attraction benefits from the passing tourists. Parts of Anderton are popular with tourists, especially the roads and embankments near the Rivington reservoirs.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK