An American depositary share ("ADS") is a vehicle for foreign corporations to list their ordinary equity on an American stock exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange

New York Stock Exchange

The New York Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City, USA. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at 13.39 trillion as of Dec 2010...

 or the NASDAQ

NASDAQ

The NASDAQ Stock Market, also known as the NASDAQ, is an American stock exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations". It is the second-largest stock exchange by market capitalization in the world, after the New York Stock Exchange. As of...

.

Foreign corporations listed in other markets are not permitted to make direct secondary listings in the United States markets, thus this form of indirect ownership has been devised.

ADSs are US-dollar denominated and each share represents one or more underlying shares in the subject. These ADSs confer full rights of ownership (including dividends, voting rights) to these underlying shares, which are held on deposit by a custodian bank

Custodian bank

A Custodian bank, or simply custodian, is a specialized financial institution responsible for safeguarding a firm's or individual's financial assets and is not likely to engage in "traditional" commercial or consumer/retail banking such as mortgage or personal lending, branch banking, personal...

in the company's home country or territory.