Ambalavaner Sivanandan
Encyclopedia
Ambalavaner Sivanandan (born 20 December 1923 Colombo
) is a Sri Lankan novelist, and director of the Institute of Race Relations
, a London-based independent educational charity. His first novel, When Memory Dies, won the 1998 Commonwealth Writers' Prize
, best first book, Europe and South Asia. He left Sri Lanka after the 1958 riots.
in Jaffna
in the north of the island. Sivanandan was educated at St Joseph’s College, Colombo and later at the University of Ceylon
where he graduated in Economics in 1945. He went on to teach in the Ceylon ‘Hill Country’ and then worked for the Bank of Ceylon, where he became one of the first ‘native’ bank managers.
On coming to the UK, after a spell as a clerk in Vavasseur and Co and unable to obtain work in banking, Sivanandan took a job in Middlesex libraries and retrained as a librarian. He worked variously in public libraries, for the Colonial Office
library and in 1964 was appointed chief librarian at the Institute of Race Relations
(IRR) in central London. The library on race relations built up by Sivanandan was, in 2006, moved to the University of Warwick Library where it is known as the Sivanandan Collection.
In 1974 he was appointed editor of the IRR’s journal Race which was renamed Race & Class
. Under his editorship, Race & Class – a journal for Black and Third World Liberation – became the leading international English language journal on racism and imperialism, attracting to its editorial board Orlando Letelier
, Eqbal Ahmad
, Malcolm Caldwell
, John Berger
, Basil Davidson
, Thomas Hodgkin
, Jan Carew
, Manning Marable
among others.
IRR is best known for its quarterly journal Race and Class, which was extremely important in terms of developing an indigenous British anti-racist movement and is one of the key academic journals in the British New Left
.
‘Race, class and the state’ (1977) provided the first coherent class analysis of the black experience in Britain, examined the political economy of migration and coined the idea of state, structured racism.
‘From resistance to rebellion’ (1981) tells the story of black protest in the UK from 1940 to 1981.
‘RAT and the degradation of black struggle’ (1985) made the crucial distinction between personal racialism and institutional or state racism
.
‘Race, terror and civil society’ (2006) showed new racisms, such as the attack on multiculturalism and growth of anti-Muslim racism, thrown up by globalisation post-9/11.
Changes in productive forces, especially the technological revolution, were themes taken up in ‘Imperialism and disorganic development in the Silicon Age’ (1979) and ‘New Circuits of imperialism’ (1989)
He has been highly critical of some trends in modern leftism, such as the New Times
movement pioneered by Marxism Today
, and Postmodernism
.
Sivanandan’s political non-fiction articles were published in a number of collections: A Different Hunger: writings on black resistance, 1982 (Pluto Press); Communities of Resistance: writings on black struggles for socialism, 1990 (Verso); Catching History on the Wing, 2008 (Pluto Press).
In 1997 Sivanandan published an epic novel on Sri Lanka entitled When memory dies (Arcadia Books) which went on to win the Commonwealth Writers First Book Prize (for Eurasia) and the Sagittarius Prize. In 2000 a collection of his short stories was published entitled Where the dance is (Arcadia books).
‘White man, listen’, in Encounter (July 1981)
Colombo
Colombo is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital of the country, since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is a satellite city of Colombo...
) is a Sri Lankan novelist, and director of the Institute of Race Relations
Institute of Race Relations
The Institute of Race Relations is a think tank based in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1958 in order to publish research on race relations worldwide, and in 1972 was transformed into an 'anti-racist think tank'....
, a London-based independent educational charity. His first novel, When Memory Dies, won the 1998 Commonwealth Writers' Prize
Commonwealth Writers' Prize
Commonwealth Writers is an initiative by the Commonwealth Foundation to unearth, develop and promote the best new fiction from across the Commonwealth. It's flagship are two literary awards and a website...
, best first book, Europe and South Asia. He left Sri Lanka after the 1958 riots.
Background and history
He was son of Ambalavaner a worker in the postal system who came from the village of SandilipaySandilipay
Sandilipay is a town located 10 km from the City of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The original name of Sandilipay is Kalvalai. At this location on July 24, 1983 number of ethnic Tamil civilians were shot and killed by Sri lankan Army....
in Jaffna
Jaffna
Jaffna is the capital city of the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jaffna district located on a peninsula of the same name. Jaffna is approximately six miles away from Kandarodai which served as a famous emporium in the Jaffna peninsula from classical...
in the north of the island. Sivanandan was educated at St Joseph’s College, Colombo and later at the University of Ceylon
University of Ceylon
The University of Ceylon was the only university in Sri Lanka from 1942 until 1972. It had several constituent campuses at various locations around Sri Lanka. The University of Ceylon Act No. 1 of 1972, replaced it with the University of Sri Lanka which existed from 1973 to 1978. In 1978 it was...
where he graduated in Economics in 1945. He went on to teach in the Ceylon ‘Hill Country’ and then worked for the Bank of Ceylon, where he became one of the first ‘native’ bank managers.
On coming to the UK, after a spell as a clerk in Vavasseur and Co and unable to obtain work in banking, Sivanandan took a job in Middlesex libraries and retrained as a librarian. He worked variously in public libraries, for the Colonial Office
Colonial Office
Colonial Office is the government agency which serves to oversee and supervise their colony* Colonial Office - The British Government department* Office of Insular Affairs - the American government agency* Reichskolonialamt - the German Colonial Office...
library and in 1964 was appointed chief librarian at the Institute of Race Relations
Institute of Race Relations
The Institute of Race Relations is a think tank based in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1958 in order to publish research on race relations worldwide, and in 1972 was transformed into an 'anti-racist think tank'....
(IRR) in central London. The library on race relations built up by Sivanandan was, in 2006, moved to the University of Warwick Library where it is known as the Sivanandan Collection.
At the Institute of Race Relations
In 1972, following an internal struggle at IRR (in which Sivanandan was a principal organiser) with staff and members on one side and the Management Board on the other, over the type of research the IRR should undertake and the freedom of expression and criticism staff could enjoy, the majority of Board members were forced to resign and the IRR was reoriented, away from advising government and towards servicing community organisations and victims of racism. Sivanandan was appointed as its new director.In 1974 he was appointed editor of the IRR’s journal Race which was renamed Race & Class
Race & Class
Race & Class is a peer-reviewed academic journal on contemporary racism and imperialism. It is published quarterly by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Institute of Race Relations.- History :...
. Under his editorship, Race & Class – a journal for Black and Third World Liberation – became the leading international English language journal on racism and imperialism, attracting to its editorial board Orlando Letelier
Orlando Letelier
Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar was a Chilean economist, Socialist politician and diplomat during the presidency of Socialist President Salvador Allende...
, Eqbal Ahmad
Eqbal Ahmad
Eqbal Ahmad was a Pakistani writer, journalist, and anti-war activist. He was strongly critical of the Middle East strategy of the United States as well as what he saw as the "twin curse" of nationalism and religious fanaticism in such countries as Pakistan.-Life:Ahmad was born in the village of...
, Malcolm Caldwell
Malcolm Caldwell
James Alexander Malcolm Caldwell was a British academic and a prolific Marxist writer. He was a consistent critic of American imperialism, a campaigner for Asian communist liberation and socialist movements, and a strong supporter of Pol Pot...
, John Berger
John Berger
John Peter Berger is an English art critic, novelist, painter and author. His novel G. won the 1972 Booker Prize, and his essay on art criticism Ways of Seeing, written as an accompaniment to a BBC series, is often used as a university text.-Education:Born in Hackney, London, England, Berger was...
, Basil Davidson
Basil Davidson
Basil Risbridger Davidson MC was a British historian, writer and Africanist, particularly knowledgeable on the subject of Portuguese Africa prior to the 1974 Carnation Revolution....
, Thomas Hodgkin
Thomas Hodgkin
Thomas Hodgkin was a British physician, considered one of the most prominent pathologists of his time and a pioneer in preventive medicine. He is now best known for the first account of Hodgkin's disease, a form of lymphoma and blood disease, in 1832...
, Jan Carew
Jan Carew
Jan Rynveld Carew is a novelist, playwright, poet and educator. His works, diverse in their forms and multifaceted, makes of Jan Carew an important intellectual of the Caribbean world...
, Manning Marable
Manning Marable
William Manning Marable was an American professor of public affairs, history and African-American Studies at Columbia University. Marable founded and directed the Institute for Research in African-American Studies. Marable authored several texts and was active in progressive political causes...
among others.
IRR is best known for its quarterly journal Race and Class, which was extremely important in terms of developing an indigenous British anti-racist movement and is one of the key academic journals in the British New Left
New Left
The New Left was a term used mainly in the United Kingdom and United States in reference to activists, educators, agitators and others in the 1960s and 1970s who sought to implement a broad range of reforms, in contrast to earlier leftist or Marxist movements that had taken a more vanguardist...
.
Writing and publishing
Sivanandan is regarded as one of the leading Black political thinkers in the UK. Most of his work was first published in the journal Race & Class. ‘The liberation of the black intellectual’ (1974) examined identity, struggle and engagement during decolonisation and Black Power.‘Race, class and the state’ (1977) provided the first coherent class analysis of the black experience in Britain, examined the political economy of migration and coined the idea of state, structured racism.
‘From resistance to rebellion’ (1981) tells the story of black protest in the UK from 1940 to 1981.
‘RAT and the degradation of black struggle’ (1985) made the crucial distinction between personal racialism and institutional or state racism
State racism
State racism is a concept used by French philosopher Michel Foucault to designate the reappropriation of the historical and political discourse of "race struggle", in the late seventeenth century....
.
‘Race, terror and civil society’ (2006) showed new racisms, such as the attack on multiculturalism and growth of anti-Muslim racism, thrown up by globalisation post-9/11.
Changes in productive forces, especially the technological revolution, were themes taken up in ‘Imperialism and disorganic development in the Silicon Age’ (1979) and ‘New Circuits of imperialism’ (1989)
He has been highly critical of some trends in modern leftism, such as the New Times
New Times (politics)
New Times was a short-lived intellectual movement among leftists in Great Britain. It was centred on the Eurocommunist faction of the Communist Party of Great Britain , and most of the intellectual groundwork for the movement was laid out in the latter party's official theoretical journal, Marxism...
movement pioneered by Marxism Today
Marxism Today
Marxism Today was the theoretical journal of the Communist Party of Great Britain and was disestablished in 1991. It was particularly important during the 1980s under the editorship of Martin Jacques...
, and Postmodernism
Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a philosophical movement evolved in reaction to modernism, the tendency in contemporary culture to accept only objective truth and to be inherently suspicious towards a global cultural narrative or meta-narrative. Postmodernist thought is an intentional departure from the...
.
Sivanandan’s political non-fiction articles were published in a number of collections: A Different Hunger: writings on black resistance, 1982 (Pluto Press); Communities of Resistance: writings on black struggles for socialism, 1990 (Verso); Catching History on the Wing, 2008 (Pluto Press).
In 1997 Sivanandan published an epic novel on Sri Lanka entitled When memory dies (Arcadia Books) which went on to win the Commonwealth Writers First Book Prize (for Eurasia) and the Sagittarius Prize. In 2000 a collection of his short stories was published entitled Where the dance is (Arcadia books).
Further reading
- A world to win: essays in honour of A Sivanandan, a special issue of Race & Class edited by Colin Prescod and Hazel Waters, Volume 41, nos 1/2, 1999.
- Abiding by Sri Lanka by Qadri Ismail, University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
- South Asian Writers in Twentieth-Century Britain by Ruvani Ranasinha, Oxford University Press, 2007
- The Other Side of Terror: an anthology of writings on terrorism in South Asia, ed. Nivedita Majundar, Oxford University Press, 2009.
External links
‘The Heart is where the battle is’ by Quintin Hoare and Malcolm Imrie in Communities of resistance: writings on black struggles for socialism, Verso 1990. http://www.versobooks.com/authors/1232-a-sivanandan- http://www.irr.org.uk
- http://rac.sagepub.com/
- http://www.arcadiabooks.co.uk/books.php?keyword=When+Memory&search.x=6&search.y=10
- http://www.arcadiabooks.co.uk/books.php?keyword=Where+the
- http://www.plutobooks.com/display.asp?K=9780745328348&
- For Birmingham Black History Month, http://birminghamblackhistory.com/interviews/an-interview-with-sivanandan.html "Interview with local activist", Birmingham Black History, Raj Pal, 21 September 2000
- ‘Catching History on the Wing: A Sivanandan as Activist, Teacher, and Rebel’ by Louis Kushnick and Paul Grant in Against the Odds: scholars who challenged Racism in the Twentieth Century edited by Benjamin P Bowser and Louis Kushnick, University Of Massachusetts Press, 2002, http://www.umass.edu/umpress/SS02/index.html
- Interview of Dr Sivanandan by Ahilan Kadirgamar, 2009, for Lines, Canada, http://www.lines-magazine.org/?author=5
- ‘An Island Tragedy: Buddhist ethnic cleansing in Sri Lanka’, New Left Review, Nov/Dec 2009, http://www.newleftreview.org/?view=2812
Books and pamphlets
- Race and Resistance: the IRR story, London, Race Today Publications, March 1975
- A Different Hunger: writings on black resistance, London, Pluto Press, 1982
- Communities of Resistance: writings on black struggles for socialism, London, Verso, 1990
- When Memory Dies (a novel), London, Arcadia, 1997
- Where the dance is (short stories), London, Arcadia, 2000
1960s
- ‘The Ceylon scene’, in IRR Newsletter (March 1966)
- ‘Fanon: the violence of the violated’, in IRR Newsletter (N.S. Vol. 1, no. 8, August 1967)
- ‘White racism and black’, in Encounter (Vol. 31, no. 1 July 1968)
- ‘A farewell to liberalism’, in IRR Newsletter (N.S. Vol. 3, no. 4, April 1969)
1970s
- ‘The politics of language 3: Ceylon, an essay in interpretation’, in Race Today (Vol. 2, no. 6, June 1970)
- ‘Culture and identity’, in Liberator (Vol. 10, no. 6, June 1970)
- ‘Revolt of the Natives’, in Liberator (Vol. 11, nos. 1–2, January/February 1971)
- ‘Black power: the politics of existence’, in Politics and Society (Vol. 1, no. 2, February 1971)
- ‘The passing of the king’, in Race Today (Vol. 3, no. 4, April 1971)
- ‘Thoughts on prison’, in Race Today (Vol. 3, no. 10, October 1971)
- ‘The anatomy of racism’, paper presented at Race Relations Research Conference, London, IRR, 18 February 1972
- Skin: a one-act play, in Race Today (Vol. 4, no. 5, May 1972)
- ‘Angelus’, in Race Today, (Vol. 4, no. 7, July 1972)
- ‘Anatomy of racism: the British variant’, in Race Today (Vol. 4, no. 7, July 1972)
- ‘Race, class and power: an outline for study’, in Race (Vol. 14, no. 4, July/April 1973)
- ‘Opinion on academic violence’, in Race Today (Vol. 5, no. 6, June 1973)
- ‘The Institute story: the unacceptable face’, in Race Today (Vol. 6, no. 3, March 1974)
- ‘Alien Gods’, in Colour, culture and consciousness: immigrant intellectuals in Britain, ed. B. Parekh, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1974
- ‘Race, class and the state: the black experience in Britain’, in Race & Class (Vol. 17, no. 4, Spring 1976)
- ‘Race and resistance: Asian youth in the vanguard’, in Sandesh International Supplement (4 July 1976)
- ‘Race, class and the state 2: Grunwick: report on the West Indian community’, in Race & Class (Vol. 19, no. 1, Summer 1977)
- ‘Report from Sri Lanka, August 1977’, in Race & Class (Vol. 19, no. 2, Autumn 1977)
- ‘Sri Lanka: uses of racism’, in Economic and Political Weekly (Vol 12, no. 41, 8 October 1977)
- ‘Grunwick 2’, in Race & Class (Vol. 19, no. 3, Winter 1978)
- ‘From immigration control to induced repatriation’, in Race & Class (Vol. 20, no. 1, Summer 1978)
- ‘The case for self-defence’ in Rights (Vol. 3, no.3, January/February 1979) (with Jenny Bourne)
- ‘From immigration to repatriation:“the imperial imperative”: research perspec¬t¬ives in the field of immigrant labour’, paper, Berlin, Berliner Institut fur Vergleichende Sozialforschung, June 1979
- ‘Imperialism and disorganic development in the silicon age’, in Race & Class (Vol. 21, no. 2, Autumn 1979)
1980s
- ‘Die Neue Industrielle Revolution’, in ‘Dritte Welt’ in Europa: Probleme der Arbeitsimmigration, eds. J. Blaschke and K. Greussing, Frankfurt, Syndikat, 1980
- ‘Race, class and caste in South Africa: an open letter to No Sizwe’, in Race & Class (Vol. 22, no. 3, Winter 1981)
‘White man, listen’, in Encounter (July 1981)
- ‘From resistance to rebellion: Asian and Afro-Caribbean struggles in Britain’, in Race & Class (Vol. 23, nos. 2/3, Autumn 1981/Winter 1982)
- ‘The black struggle in Britain’, in Heritage (No. 1, 1984)
- ‘London’s black workers’, in Jobs for a Change (No. 8, May 1984)
- ‘Sri Lanka: racism and the politics of underdevelopment’, in Race & Class (Vol. 21, no. 1, Summer 1984)
- ‘RAT and the degradation of black struggle’, in Race & Class (Vol. 26, no. 4, Spring 1985)
- ‘In the castle of their skin’, in New Statesman (7 June 1985) (extracts from ‘RAT…’)
- ‘The sentence of racism’, in New Statesman (14 June 1985) (extracts from ‘RAT…’)
- ‘Britain’s Gulags’, in New Socialist (November 1985)
- ‘Britain and the anatomy of racism’, in Racial Justice (No. 3, Spring 1986)
- ‘Race, class and Brent’, in Race & Class (Vol. 29, no. 1, Summer 1987)
- ‘Left, Right and Burnage: no such thing as anti-racist ideology’, in New States¬man (27 May 1988)
- ‘The new racism’, in New Statesman and Society (4 November 1988)
- ‘Rules of engagement’, in International (February 1989)
- ‘New circuits of imperialism’, in Race & Class (Vol. 30, no. 4, April/June 1989)
1990s
- ‘Racisme’, in La Breche (No. 445, 16 February 1990)
- ‘All that melts into air is solid: the hokum of New Times’, in Race & Class (Vol. 31, no. 3, January/March 1990)
- ‘The enigma of the colonised: reflections on Naipaul’s arrival’, in Race & Class (Vol. 32, no. 1, July/September 1990)
- ‘Whatever happened to imperialism?’ in New Statesman and Society (11 October 1991)
- ‘Black struggles against racism’, in CCETSW, Setting the Context for Change, London, CCETSW, 1991
- ‘Letter to God’, in New Statesman and Society (Christmas supplement, 1991)
- ‘From resistance to rebellion’, in Texte zur Rassissmus Diskussion, Berlin, Schwarze-Risse, 1992
- ‘Into the waste lands’, in New Statesman and Society (19 June 1992)
- ‘Race against time’, in New Statesman and Society (15 October 1993)
- ‘Capitalism, globalisation and epochal shifts: an exchange’, in Monthly Review (Vol. 48, no. 9, February 1997)
- ‘The making of home to the beat of a different drum’, in Race & Class (Vol. 39, no. 3, January/March 1998)
- ‘Globalism and the Left’, in Race & Class (Vol. 40, nos. 2/3, October 1998/ March 1999)
- ‘Seize the time’, in CARF (No. 48, February/March 1999)
2000s
- ‘The rise and fall of institutional racism’, in CARF (No. 54, December/January 2000)
- ‘How Labour failed the Lawrence test’, in the Guardian (21 February 2000)
- ‘Refugees from globalism’, in CARF (No. 56, August/September 2000)
- ‘Reclaiming the struggle’, in Race & Class (Vol. 42, no. 2, October/December 2000)
- ‘Poverty is the new Black’, in the Guardian (17 August 2001)
- ‘Jan Carew, renaissance man’ in Race & Class (Vol. 43, no.3, January/March 2002)
- "The Countours of Global Racism", Crossing Borders: the legacy of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, 15/16 November 2002
- ‘Globalism’s imperial war’ in CARF (No. 70, Spring 2003)
- ‘We the (only) people’ in CARF (No. 71, Summer 2003)
- ‘Race & Class – the next thirty years’ in Race & Class (Vol. 46, no.3, January/March 2005), http://www.irr.org/2005/october/ak000021.html
- ‘Racisme, globalisering og krigen mot terror’ in Samora (Nr 4/5, 2006)
- ‘The rules of the game’, in Tony Bunyan ed., the War on Freedom and Democracy: essays on civil liberties in Europe (Nottingham, Spokesman, 2006)
- ‘Britain’s shame’ in Catalyst (July/August 2006)
- ‘Attacks on multicultural Britain pave the way for enforced assimilation’ in the Guardian (13 September 2006)