Amanita altipes
Encyclopedia
Amanita altipes, also called Yellow Long-Stem Amanita, is a species of agaric
Agaric
An agaric is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus that is clearly differentiated from the stipe , with lamellae on the underside of the pileus. "Agaric" can also refer to a basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body...

 found on soil in coniferous (Abies, Picea) and broadleaved (Betula, Quercus, Salix) woodland in southwestern China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

 up to an altitude of 4000 m. The name 'altipes' means 'referring to the long stipe', and it suits the species as it has longer stems compared to its relatives.

Physical description

This is a small to medium-sized agaric with a distinctively yellowish overall coloration. The other physical characteristics are as follows:
  • Cap : The cap
    Pileus (mycology)
    The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus...

     has a diameter of up to 9 cm and is yellow, often brownish towards the centre. The appearance of the cap may be convex to plano-convex. The volva is present as felty, floccose patches, 2 – 5 mm wide and up to 1 mm thick. Unlike many of its relatives (for example, the Amanita pantherina), the remnants of the universal veil
    Universal veil
    In mycology, a universal veil is a temporary membranous tissue that fully envelops immature fruiting bodies of certain gilled mushrooms. The developing Caesar's mushroom , for example, which may resemble a small white sphere at this point, is protected by this structure...

     do not usually persist on the cap, being easily washed away by rain.

  • Stem/Stipe : The stem
    Stipe (mycology)
    thumb|150px|right|Diagram of a [[basidiomycete]] stipe with an [[annulus |annulus]] and [[volva |volva]]In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal...

     is relatively long (up to 16 cm) and yellowish and usually tapers upwards. There is a large persistent ring
    Annulus (mycology)
    An annulus is the ring like structure sometimes found on the stipe of some species of mushrooms. The annulus represents the remaining part of the partial veil, after it has ruptured to expose the gills or other spore-producing surface. An annulus may be thick and membranous, or it may be cobweb-like...

    .

  • Gills : The gills are free, crowded, and white to cream-colored to yellowish . The short gills are truncate, numerous, and are evenly distributed.

  • Spores and microscopic features : The spores measure 8.0 - 10.0 x 7.5 - 9.5 µm and are globose to subglobose and inamyloid. There are no clamps present at the bases of basidia.

  • Flesh : The flesh is white in color but inedible.

Habitat and distribution

This species is widespread in southwestern China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

 mostly in Yunnan
Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...

  as discussed before. It has also been reported that it is found in eastern Himalayas
Himalayas
The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...

and adjacent regions. It grows on soil in coniferous (Abies, Picea) and broadleaved (Betula, Quercus, Salix) woodland in southwestern China up to an altitude of 4000 m.
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