Alteromonas
Encyclopedia
Alteromonas is a genus of Proteobacteria
found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the coast
. It is gram-negative
. Its organelles consist of curved rods and a single polar flagellum
.
, a noun with a special meaning in microbiology used to mean unicellular organism; N.L. fem. n. Alteromonas, another monad.
Members of the genus Alteromonas can be referred to as alteromonads (viz. Trivialisation of names).
)GAUTHIER (G.), GAUTHIER (M.) and CHRISTEN (R.): Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Alteromonas, Shewanella and Moritella using genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences and division of the genus Alteromonas into two genera, Alteromonas (emended) and Pseudoalteromonas gen. nov., and proposal of twelve new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 755-761 and Van Trappen et al. in 2004 to accommodate Alteromonas stellipolaris
in 1995
Other former alteromonads:
Proteobacteria
The Proteobacteria are a major group of bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, and many other notable genera....
found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the coast
Coast
A coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean. A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. The term "coastal zone" can be used instead, which is a spatial zone where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs...
. It is gram-negative
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol. In a Gram stain test, a counterstain is added after the crystal violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color...
. Its organelles consist of curved rods and a single polar flagellum
Flagellum
A flagellum is a tail-like projection that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and plays the dual role of locomotion and sense organ, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. There are some notable differences between prokaryotic and...
.
Etymology
The etymology of the genus is L. adj. alter -tera -terum, another, different; L. fem. n. monas (μονάς / μονάδα)-monas
The suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "unicellular organism".-Meaning:The suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera in a similar way to -bacter, -bacillus, -coccus or -spirillum...
, a noun with a special meaning in microbiology used to mean unicellular organism; N.L. fem. n. Alteromonas, another monad.
Members of the genus Alteromonas can be referred to as alteromonads (viz. Trivialisation of names).
Authority
The genus was described by Baumann et al. in 1972, but was emended by Novick and Tyler 1985 to accommodate Alteromonas luteoviolacea (now Psuedoalteromonas luteoviolacea), Gauthier et al. 1995, who split the genus in two (PseudoalteromonasPseudoalteromonas
Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacterium.-Species:*Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans *Pseudoalteromonas antarctica *Pseudoalteromonas atlantica...
)GAUTHIER (G.), GAUTHIER (M.) and CHRISTEN (R.): Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Alteromonas, Shewanella and Moritella using genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences and division of the genus Alteromonas into two genera, Alteromonas (emended) and Pseudoalteromonas gen. nov., and proposal of twelve new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 755-761 and Van Trappen et al. in 2004 to accommodate Alteromonas stellipolaris
Species
The genus contains 8 species (but there are 21 basonyms), namely- A. macleodii ( Baumann et al. 1972, species. (Type species of the genus).; N.L. gen. n. macleodii, of MacLeod, named after R.A. MacLeod, a Canadian microbiologist who pionnered studies on the biochemical bases of the Na+ requirement of marine bacteria.)
- A. addita ( Ivanova et al. 2005, sp. nov.; L. fem. part. adj. addita, added, joined to the genus.)
- A. genovensis ( Vandecandelaere et al. 2008, sp. nov.; N.L. fem. adj. genovensis, pertaining to Genova (Genoa), Italy, where the seawater electroactive biofilms originated.)
- A. hispanica ( Martínez-Checa et al. 2005, sp. nov.; L. fem. adj. hispanica, Spanish.)
- A. litorea ( Yoon et al. 2004, sp. nov.; L. fem. adj. litorea, of the shore.)
- A. marina ( Yoon et al. 2003, sp. nov.; L. fem. adj. marina, of the sea, marine.)
- A. simiduii ( Chiu et al. 2007, sp. nov.; N.L. gen. n. simiduii, of Simidu, named after Usio Simidu, a Japanese microbiologist, for his work on marine microbiology.)
- A. stellipolaris ( Van Trappen et al. 2004, sp. nov.; L. fem. n. stella, star; N.L. fem. adj. polaris, polar; N.L. fem. adj. stellipolaris, related to the polar star, referring to the Polarstern (AWI, Bremerhaven), the name of the vessel that was used to collect the sample from which the organisms were isolated.)
- A. tagae ( Chiu et al. 2007, sp. nov.; N.L. gen. n. tagae, of Taga, named after Nobuo Taga, a pioneering Japanese marine microbiologist.)
Former alteromonads
Many alteromonads, were reclassified as members of PseudoalteromonasPseudoalteromonas
Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacterium.-Species:*Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans *Pseudoalteromonas antarctica *Pseudoalteromonas atlantica...
in 1995
- P. atlanticaPseudoalteromonas atlanticaPseudoalteromonas atlantica is a marine bacterium, which has been shown to act as a primary producer of biofilms and exhibit virulence against Cancer pagurus through secretion of extracellular products....
(Akagawa-Matsushita et al. 1992, sp. nov.; L. fem. adj. atlantica, pertaining to the Atlantic Ocean.) - P. aurantia (Gauthier and Breittmayer 1979, species.; N.L. fem. adj. aurantia, orange-colored.)
- P. carrageenovoraPseudoalteromonas carrageenovoraPseudoalteromonas carrageenovora is a marine bacterium....
(Akagawa-Matsushita et al. 1992, sp. nov.; N.L. n. carrageenum, carrageen, another name for carrageenan; L. v. vorare, to devour; N.L. fem. adj. carrageenovora, carrageenan decomposing.) - P. citrea (Gauthier 1977, species.; L. fem. adj. citrea, of or pertaining to the citrus-tree, intended to mean lemon-yellow.)
- P. denitrificans (Enger et al. 1987, sp. nov.; N.L. part. adj. denitrificans, denitrifying.)
- P. distincta (Romanenko et al. 1995, sp. nov.; L. fem. adj. distincta, separate, distinct.)
- P. elyakovii (Ivanova et al. 1997, sp. nov.; N.L. gen. masc. n. elyakovii, of Ekyakov, named after G.B. Elyakov for his work in microbial biotechnology.)
- P. espejiana (Chan et al. 1978, species.; N.L. fem. adj. espejiana, named after Espejo, a Chilean microbiologist who isolated one of the first lipid-containing bacteriophages.)
- P. fuliginea (Romanenko et al. 1995, sp. nov.; L. fem. adj. fuliginea, like soot, sooty.)
- P. haloplanktisPseudoalteromonas haloplanktisPseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is a marine bacterium....
((ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichelt and Baumann 1973, species.; Gr. n. hals halos, sea; Gr. adj. planktos -ê -on, wandering, roaming; N.L. fem. adj. haloplanktis, sea-wandering.) - P. luteoviolacea ((ex Gauthier 1976) Gauthier 1982, sp. nov., nom. rev.; L. adj. luteus, yellow; L. adj. violaceus -a -um, violet-colored, violet; N.L. fem. adj. luteoviolacea, yellow-violet.)
- P. nigrifaciensPseudoalteromonas nigrifaciensPseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens is a marine bacterium. It has been observed to cause skin ulcer syndrome in juvenile cultivated sea cucumbers....
((ex White 1940) Baumann et al. 1984, nom. rev., comb. nov.; L. adj. niger -gra -grum, black; L. v. facio, to make; N.L. part. adj. nigrifaciens, making black, blackening.) - P. rubra (Gauthier 1976, species.; L. fem. adj. rubra, red.)
- P. tetraodonis (Simidu et al. 1990, sp. nov.; N.L. gen. n. tetraodonis, of Tetraodon, a genus of plectognathic fishes (Tetraodontidae).)
- P. undina (Chan et al. 1978, species.; L. fem. n. undina, undine, water nymph.)
Other former alteromonads:
- Shewanella colwelliana (Weiner et al. 1988, sp. nov.; N.L. fem. adj. colwelliana, pertaining to Colwell, named after Rita Colwell for her contributions to marine microbiology.)
- Marinomonas communis (Baumann et al. 1972, species.; L. fem. adj. communis, common.)
- Shewanella hanedai (Jensen et al. 1981, sp. nov.; N.L. gen. n. hanedai, of Haneda; named after Y. Haneda, a Japanese biologist who pioneered studies on bioluminescence.)
- Shewanella putrefaciensShewanella putrefaciensShewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium. It has been isolated from marine environments, as well as from anaerobic sandstone in the Morrison formation in New Mexico. S...
((ex Derby and Hammer 1931) Lee et al. 1981, nom. rev., comb. nov.; L. part. adj. putrefaciens, making rotten, putrefying.) - Marinomonas vaga (Baumann et al. 1972, species.; L. fem. adj. vaga, wandering.)