Ali Khan Asaf Jah II
Encyclopedia
Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur Asaf Jah II (7 March 1734 – 6 August 1803) was the Nizam
of Hyderabad State
in South India
between 1762 and 1803.
-occupied territories.
Asaf Jah II became the subahdar
of the Deccan on July 8, 1762. He transferred his capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad in 1763 as Aurangabad was very close to Maratha
Territory and therefore prone to aggression.
In 1762, Raghunathrao
allied with the Nizam due to mutual distrust and differences with Madhavrao Peshwa
. The Nizam marched towards Poona. In 1763, Madhavrao defeated Nizam at Rakshabhuvan and signed a treaty with the Marathas. In 1795, he was defeated by the Maratha
s and was forced to cede Daulatabad, Aurangabad and Sholapur and pay an indemnity of Rs. 30 million . The following year, judging himself menaced by Tipu Sultan
of Mysore
, he entered into Subsidiary Alliance
with the British East India Company
. Thus Hyderabad
, which is in both area and population comparable to the United Kingdom
, became a princely state
within the British Raj
.
A French
general, Monsieur Raymond
, served as his military leader, strategist and advisor.
Nizam
Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad popularly known as Nizams of Hyderabad was a former monarchy of the Hyderabad State, now in the states of Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , and Maharashtra in India...
of Hyderabad State
Hyderabad State
-After Indian independence :When India gained independence in 1947 and Pakistan came into existence in 1947, the British left the local rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to join one of the new dominions or to remain independent...
in South India
South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...
between 1762 and 1803.
Official name
His official name is Asaf Jah II, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Nizam 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Fath Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan.Life
Immediately after the Battle of Panipat (1761) he led an army of 60,000 and attacked the MarathaMaratha
The Maratha are an Indian caste, predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term Marāthā has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people;...
-occupied territories.
Asaf Jah II became the subahdar
Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah during the Mughal era of India who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin...
of the Deccan on July 8, 1762. He transferred his capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad in 1763 as Aurangabad was very close to Maratha
Maratha
The Maratha are an Indian caste, predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term Marāthā has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people;...
Territory and therefore prone to aggression.
In 1762, Raghunathrao
Raghunathrao
Raghunathrao was Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy from 1773 to 1774. He was instrumental in the downfall of the Peshwa clan.-Early life:Raghunathrao, also known as "Raghoba" and "Ragho Bharari," was the younger brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa. His father was Peshwa Bajirao I & mother was Kashibai....
allied with the Nizam due to mutual distrust and differences with Madhavrao Peshwa
Madhavrao Peshwa
Thorle Madhavrao Peshwa was fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.-Early life and ascendancy to Peshwa:...
. The Nizam marched towards Poona. In 1763, Madhavrao defeated Nizam at Rakshabhuvan and signed a treaty with the Marathas. In 1795, he was defeated by the Maratha
Maratha
The Maratha are an Indian caste, predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term Marāthā has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people;...
s and was forced to cede Daulatabad, Aurangabad and Sholapur and pay an indemnity of Rs. 30 million . The following year, judging himself menaced by Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan , also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the son of Hyder Ali, at that time an officer in the Mysorean army, and his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-Nissa...
of Mysore
Kingdom of Mysore
The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom of southern India, traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 in the vicinity of the modern city of Mysore. The kingdom, which was ruled by the Wodeyar family, initially served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire...
, he entered into Subsidiary Alliance
Subsidiary alliance
A subsidiary alliance is an alliance between a dominant nation and a nation that it dominates.-British policy in India:The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805...
with the British East India Company
British East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
. Thus Hyderabad
Hyderabad State
-After Indian independence :When India gained independence in 1947 and Pakistan came into existence in 1947, the British left the local rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to join one of the new dominions or to remain independent...
, which is in both area and population comparable to the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, became a princely state
Princely state
A Princely State was a nominally sovereign entitity of British rule in India that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy.-British relationship with the Princely States:India under the British Raj ...
within the British Raj
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...
.
A French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
general, Monsieur Raymond
Michel Joachim Marie Raymond
General Michel Joachim Marie Raymond , popularly known as Monsieur Raymond, was a French General in Nizam's military and the founder of Gunfoundry Hyderabad, Hyderabad. He was born in Sérignac, Gascony, France, the son of a merchant.-Early life:In 1775, aged 20, he and his younger brother, William...
, served as his military leader, strategist and advisor.