Al Buraimi
Encyclopedia
Al Buraimi is the newest governorate of Oman
which was split from the Ad Dhahirah
region.
Until October, 2006, the area was part of Ad Dhahirah
region. At this time, the new governorate was created from the wilayats Al Buraymi and Mahdah. A third wilayat, Al Sunaynah
was created from parts of the two.
, on the border of the United Arab Emirates
. An adjacent city on the UAE's side of the border is Al Ain
. For many decades there has been an open border between Al Buraimi located in Oman and Al Ain (UAE). Effective from 16 September 2006, this border has been relocated to an area around Hilli which is around 8 kilometers from the traditional open border. The traditional border near Al Ain city is now closed to all except to those with valid visas (GCC
nationals require no visa).
) trees are fairly common on these gravel plains.
Buraimi is considerably smaller than the adjoining city of Al Ain and is visibly less affluent. Streets in Buraimi are not named and development could be considered "piece meal" with large villas often appearing some metres from the roads, and footpaths do not occur away from the main streets.
The community of Buraimi is probably best known as the result of an incident known as the "Buraimi Dispute", an episode that contributed to the confirmation of Zayed as the most astute leader in the region.
The Buraimi Dispute arose from Saudi Arabia's claim, first made in 1949, of sovereignty over a large part of Abu Dhabi territory where oil was suspected to be present and an area in a 20-mile circle around the centre of the Buraimi Oasis. The Saudis relied on historical precedent (the Oasis had once been occupied by ancestors of the Saudi King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud) and tax records. Their claim was backed by the American oil company Aramco, which provided logistics and research to support Saudi Arabia. In 1952 a small group of Saudi Arabian guards led by the Saudi Emir of Ras Tanura, Turki bin Abdullah al Utaishan, crossed Abu Dhabi territory and occupied Hamasa, one of three Omani villages in the Oasis, claiming it as part of the eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The Sultan of Muscat and Imam of Oman gathered their forces to expel the Saudis but were persuaded by the British Government to exercise restraint.
A standstill agreement was implemented and, on 30 July 1954, it was agreed to refer the dispute to an international arbitration tribunal. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia embarked on a campaign of bribery to obtain declarations of tribal loyalty on which its case was based. This campaign even extended to Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan al Nahayan, brother of Sh Shakhbout, Ruler of Abu Dhabi whom he would later overthrow in 1966. Zayed reportedly turned down an offer of $20,000,000. In 1955 arbitration proceedings began in Geneva only to collapse when the British abitrator, Sir Reader Bullard, objected to Saudi Arabian attempts to influence the tribunal and withdrew. A few weeks later, the Saudi party was forcibly ejected from Hamasa by the Trucial Oman Levies (later known as the Trucial Oman Scouts
), a British-backed force based in Sharjah. Together with a few refugee sheikhs and their families, the Saudis were taken to Sharjah and dispatched to Saudi Arabia by sea. The dispute continued to rumble on for many years to come until settled in 1974 by an agreement, known as the Treaty of Jeddah, between Sheikh Zayed (then President of the UAE) and King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.
Oman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
which was split from the Ad Dhahirah
Ad Dhahirah
Az̧ Z̧āhirah is one of the regions of Oman.Adh Dhahirah region consists of three wilayats: Ibri, Yanqul, and Dank.Until October, 2006, two more wilayats were part of the region: Al Buraymi and Mahdah. In October, 2006, a new governorate, Al Buraymi was created from these two wilayats, and a third...
region.
Until October, 2006, the area was part of Ad Dhahirah
Ad Dhahirah
Az̧ Z̧āhirah is one of the regions of Oman.Adh Dhahirah region consists of three wilayats: Ibri, Yanqul, and Dank.Until October, 2006, two more wilayats were part of the region: Al Buraymi and Mahdah. In October, 2006, a new governorate, Al Buraymi was created from these two wilayats, and a third...
region. At this time, the new governorate was created from the wilayats Al Buraymi and Mahdah. A third wilayat, Al Sunaynah
Sunaynah
Sunaynah or As Sunaynah is a village in Ad Dhahirah Region, in northeastern Oman. It lies along the Muscat-Sur Highway , north of Abu Silah and south of Al Qabil. The hamlet of Harmuzi lies to the southwest...
was created from parts of the two.
Description
The town Al Buraymi is an oasis town in northeastern OmanOman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
, on the border of the United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
. An adjacent city on the UAE's side of the border is Al Ain
Al Ain
Al Ain |Spring]]), also known as the Garden City due to its greenery, is the second largest city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the fourth largest city in the United Arab Emirates. With a population of 374,000 , it is located approximately 160 km east of the capital Abu Dhabi and about...
. For many decades there has been an open border between Al Buraimi located in Oman and Al Ain (UAE). Effective from 16 September 2006, this border has been relocated to an area around Hilli which is around 8 kilometers from the traditional open border. The traditional border near Al Ain city is now closed to all except to those with valid visas (GCC
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf , also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council , is a political and economic union of the Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf and constituting the Arabian Peninsula, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates...
nationals require no visa).
Geography
The surrounding landscape of Buraimi differs vastly from that of Al Ain, consisting mainly of wide open gravel plains and sharp jutting rocks (The sohar gap found to the east of the Buraimi township is a good example of this), Samr (Acacia spp.) and Ghaf (Prosopis cinerariaProsopis cineraria
Prosopis cineraria is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to arid portions of Western and South Asia, such as the Arabian and Thar Deserts...
) trees are fairly common on these gravel plains.
Buraimi is considerably smaller than the adjoining city of Al Ain and is visibly less affluent. Streets in Buraimi are not named and development could be considered "piece meal" with large villas often appearing some metres from the roads, and footpaths do not occur away from the main streets.
Habitational System
Before the relocation of the border it was fairly common for expatriates from Al Ain to rent villas and apartments as they were roughly 50% of the cost of an equivalent villa/apartment in Al Ain, however the change in Border policy has led many of these expatriates to relocate to Al Ain due to long waiting times at the border checkpoints during peak traffic hours.Transportation
Transport in and around Buraimi is by taxis, which like the majority of taxis in Oman are coloured orange and white. Drivers accept payment in both Omani Riyals(OR) and United Arab Emirate Dirhams(AED), a trip within the township of Buraimi will generally cost no more than 2 AED/0.2 OR.Culture
Buraimi, like the rest of Oman, features many historic forts in varying condition. The largest mosque in Buraimi is the Majid Qaboos. Fossil valley found to the East of the Buraimi township contains many fossilised remains of prehistoric creatures.History
Buraimi was part of Oman from early historical times from around 600 AD the Azd tribes of Oman occupied the area. Then Al Buraimi town was abandoned in the 700s. Al Nuaimi tribe, the original people of the town, ruled it rebuild it and ruled it in the 1800s to the 1950s. It had only two rulers, Sheikh Sultan bin Mohamed bin Ali AL-Hamood AL Qurtasi Al Naimi, then Sheikh Saqer bin Sultan bin Mohamed Al Hamood Al Qurtasi Al Naimi. The late President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, was born in Abu Dhabi but was brought to Al Ain by his mother, Shaikah Salaamah, following the assassination of his father, Sultan bin Zayed. Zayed was raised in a fortified house in the Muaiji district of Al Ain. Since 1761, Abu Dhabi had been ruled by sheikhs of the Al Abu Falah dynasty.The community of Buraimi is probably best known as the result of an incident known as the "Buraimi Dispute", an episode that contributed to the confirmation of Zayed as the most astute leader in the region.
The Buraimi Dispute arose from Saudi Arabia's claim, first made in 1949, of sovereignty over a large part of Abu Dhabi territory where oil was suspected to be present and an area in a 20-mile circle around the centre of the Buraimi Oasis. The Saudis relied on historical precedent (the Oasis had once been occupied by ancestors of the Saudi King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud) and tax records. Their claim was backed by the American oil company Aramco, which provided logistics and research to support Saudi Arabia. In 1952 a small group of Saudi Arabian guards led by the Saudi Emir of Ras Tanura, Turki bin Abdullah al Utaishan, crossed Abu Dhabi territory and occupied Hamasa, one of three Omani villages in the Oasis, claiming it as part of the eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The Sultan of Muscat and Imam of Oman gathered their forces to expel the Saudis but were persuaded by the British Government to exercise restraint.
A standstill agreement was implemented and, on 30 July 1954, it was agreed to refer the dispute to an international arbitration tribunal. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia embarked on a campaign of bribery to obtain declarations of tribal loyalty on which its case was based. This campaign even extended to Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan al Nahayan, brother of Sh Shakhbout, Ruler of Abu Dhabi whom he would later overthrow in 1966. Zayed reportedly turned down an offer of $20,000,000. In 1955 arbitration proceedings began in Geneva only to collapse when the British abitrator, Sir Reader Bullard, objected to Saudi Arabian attempts to influence the tribunal and withdrew. A few weeks later, the Saudi party was forcibly ejected from Hamasa by the Trucial Oman Levies (later known as the Trucial Oman Scouts
Trucial Oman Scouts
The Trucial Oman Scouts was a paramilitary force raised by the British to serve in their Trucial States.-History:The Trucial Oman Scouts were established at Sharjah originally as the Trucial Oman Levies in 1951...
), a British-backed force based in Sharjah. Together with a few refugee sheikhs and their families, the Saudis were taken to Sharjah and dispatched to Saudi Arabia by sea. The dispute continued to rumble on for many years to come until settled in 1974 by an agreement, known as the Treaty of Jeddah, between Sheikh Zayed (then President of the UAE) and King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.