Adverbial participles are built out of a verb

Verb

A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word that in syntax conveys an action , or a state of being . In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive...

 (mostly with a suffix

Suffix

In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs...

), and in most cases they play the role of the sentence element called adverbial

Adverbial

In grammar an adverbial is a word or a group of words that modifies or tells us something about the sentence or the verb. The word adverbial is also used as an adjective, meaning 'having the same function as an adverb'...

in the grammar of some languages (Russian

Russian grammar

Russian grammar encompasses:* a highly synthetic morphology* a syntax that, for the literary language, is the conscious fusion of three elements:** a Church Slavonic inheritance;...

  and other Slavic languages

Slavic languages

The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...

, Hungarian

Hungarian grammar

Hungarian grammar is the study of the rules governing the use of the Hungarian language, a Uralic language spoken in Hungary and in adjacent areas of the seven neighboring countries, parts of which belonged to Hungary before 1920. Hungarian grammar possesses an extremely complex...

 , many Eskimo languages, e.g. Sireniki ). It can usually be translated into English by using an appropriate adverbial clause

Adverbial clause

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.*I saw Joe when I went to the store....

 .

Some descriptive grammars treat them as a distinct lexical category

Lexical category

In grammar, a part of speech is a linguistic category of words , which is generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question. Common linguistic categories include noun and verb, among others...

, others avoid that and use a more minimalistic approach. Because the above languages have also adjectival participle

Adjectival participle

Adjectival participles are participles which are derived from verbs and which are used like adjectives. They contrast with verbal participles, which are considered to be forms of verbs rather than adjectives. In English for instance, adjectival participles may appear with modifiers typical of...

, the word participle

Participle

In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. It can be used in compound verb tenses or voices , or as a modifier...

 is meant often for both lexical categories .

See also

• Non-finite verb
  Non-finite verb
  In linguistics, a non-finite verb is a verb form that is not limited by a subject and, more generally, is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person...
  
  
• Participle
  Participle
  In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. It can be used in compound verb tenses or voices , or as a modifier...
  
  
• Adjectival participle
  Adjectival participle
  Adjectival participles are participles which are derived from verbs and which are used like adjectives. They contrast with verbal participles, which are considered to be forms of verbs rather than adjectives. In English for instance, adjectival participles may appear with modifiers typical of...
  
  

External links

• Ernest De Witt Burton: Moods and Tenses of New Testament Greek. The adverbial participle.