Adoptive immunity
Encyclopedia
Adoptive immunity acts in a host after his immunological components are withdrawn, their immunological activity is modified extracorporeally, and then reinfused into the same host. This process in its former part is analogous to adoption: a child is once adopted out from his home, grown up, and then returned back to his home of birth. Transferred immunological components include immune cells such as T lymphocytes or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages, or B cells. There seems to be some variation in usage of this term.

1. Transferred components are immune cells and autologous as above.

2. Transfer of immune cells is made between different individuals of monozygotic twins in human or of the same pure line in experimental animals from immunologically sensitized
Sensitization (immunological)
Immunological sensitization covers the following usage. * immunization. There are active immunization and passive immunization. Thus these are also called active and passive sensitization, respectively....

 to naive host, where transferred cells are engrafted without rejection or GVHD in the new host.

3. Transfer of cells are made between allogeneic hosts but the new host is irradiated for preventing rejection or GVHD.

4. Transfer of cells are made between allogeneic hosts.

5. Transferred components include cells as well as immune molecules such as immunoglobulins between allogeneic hosts.

The term is used almost synonymously for "passive immunity
Passive immunity
Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of readymade antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and can also be induced artificially, when high levels...

" in some situations, however, passive immunity acts among xenogeneic hosts; for example, in snake venom immunotherapy, antivenom IgG is obtained from sensitized horse and inoculated to men.

Immunological terms with an adjective "adoptive"

The following terms might indicate procedures involving similar immunological transfer processes.
  • adoptive transfer
  • adoptive immunization
  • adoptive immunotherapy
    • Adoptive cell therapy
  • adoptive tolerance
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