Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
Encyclopedia
Life
He was the son of Adolph III, Count of Mark, and Margaret of Julich (and thus the brother of Margaret of Cleves).After his fathers death in 1394, he became Count of Cleves.
In 1397 he defeated his uncle William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg
William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg
William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg was born in Jülich, the son of Gerhard VI of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg, and Margaret, daughter and heiress of Otto IV, Count of Ravensberg, and Margaret of Berg....
in the battle of Kleverhamm, and became Lord of Ravenstein.
When his brother Dietrich IX, Count of Mark
Dietrich IX, Count of Mark
Dietrich IX, Count of Mark was the Count of Mark from 1393 until 1398.Dietrich was the second son of Count Adolf III of the Marck and Margaret of Julich....
died in battle, he also became Count of Mark.
Adolph further expanded his influence by marrying a daughter of the Duke of Burgundy.
As a result Cleves was raised to a Duchy by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411...
in 1417.
Since 1409 he was opposed by his younger brother Gerhard
Gerhard, Count of Mark
Gerhard, Count zur Mark was the de facto ruler of the County of Mark between 1430 and 1461. He was not allowed to use the title Count of Mark in his own rights....
, who claimed the County of Mark.
In 1423, it came to an armed conflict with Gerhard, who had allied himself with the Archbishop of Cologne.
Peace was signed between the two brothers in 1430, and confirmed in 1437.
As a result, Gerhard ruled the largest part of Mark, but was to be succeeded by his nephew John
John I, Duke of Cleves
John I, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark was Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark.- Life :He was the son of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Mary of Burgundy...
. He was not allowed to call himself Count of Mark, but has to use the title Count zur Mark. After Gerhard's death in 1461, the County of Mark and the Duchy of Cleves were in fact reunited again.
Marriage and children
Shortly before the year 1400 he married Agnes, daughter of Rupert of GermanyRupert of Germany
Rupert of Germany from the House of Wittelsbach was Elector Palatine from 1398 and German King from 1400 until his death...
and Elisabeth of Nuremberg
Elisabeth of Nuremberg
-Source:*...
. Agnes died a year later with no issue.
In 1406 Adolf married Marie of Burgundy
Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves
Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves was the second child of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, and an elder sister of Philip the Good. Born in Dijon, she became the second wife of Adolph, Count of Mark in May 1415. He was made the 1st Duke of Cleves in 1417...
, daughter of John II of Burgundy and Margaret of Bavaria
Margaret of Bavaria
Margaret of Bavaria, , was the fifth child of Albert, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, Count of Hainault, Holland, and Zeeland and Lord of Friesia, and Margaret of Brieg. She was the regent of the Burgundian Low countries during the absence of her spouse in 1404–1419 and the regent in French Burgundy...
. They had the following issue:
- Margarethe (23 February 1416 – 20 May 1444) married as her first husband William III, Duke of BavariaWilliam III, Duke of BavariaWilliam III , was Duke of Bavaria-Munich , together and in concord with his older brother Ernest, Duke of Bavaria....
on 11 May 1433; and as her second husband Ulrich V, Count of WürttembergUlrich V, Count of WurttembergUlrich V of Württemberg called "der Vielgeliebte" , Count of Württemberg. He was the younger son of Count Eberhard IV and Henriette of Mömpelgard.-Life:...
on 29 January 1441 - Catherine (25 May 1417 – 10 February 1479) married Arnold, Duke of GueldersGueldersGuelders or Gueldres is the name of a historical county, later duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries.-Geography:...
, on 23 July 1423 - JohnJohn I, Duke of ClevesJohn I, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark was Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark.- Life :He was the son of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Mary of Burgundy...
(1419–1481), succeeded as Duke of Cleves - Elisabeth (1420–1488) married on 15 July 1434 Henry XXVI, of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (1418–1488)
- AgnesAgnes of ClevesAgnes of Cleves was a daughter of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and his second wife Mary of Burgundy.Agnes married in 1439 to Charles, Prince of Viana, who was titular King of Navarre. However the couple had no children and Agnes died on April 6 1448, aged only twenty three or twenty four...
(1422–1446) married Charles IV, King of NavarreNavarreNavarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
, on 30 September 1439 in OliteOliteOlite is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.... - Helen (1423–1471) married on 12 February 1436 Henry "the Peaceful"Henry the Peaceful, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgHenry , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, called the Peaceful , ruled over both parts of Brunswick-Lüneburg.Henry was the son of Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. On their father's death in 1416, Henry and his brother William inherited the Principality of Lüneburg, while under the guardianship...
, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgBrunswick-LüneburgThe Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany...
(c. 1411–1473) - AdolphAdolph of Cleves, Lord of RavensteinAdolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein was the youngest son of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and of his wife Marie of Burgundy, a sister of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy....
(1425–1492) married on 13 May 1453, to Beatrice of PortugalBeatriz of CoimbraInfanta Beatrice of Coimbra was the 5th child of Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra, and Isabella of Aragon, Countess of Urgell.After the battle of Alfarrobeira, where her father's army was defeated by the Portuguese royal army, she left the country and took refuge in Burgundy, under her aunt’s...
(1435–1462), daughter of Peter, Duke of CoimbraInfante Pedro, Duke of CoimbraThe Infante Peter, 1st Duke of Coimbra KG , was a Portuguese infante of the House of Aviz, son of King John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt. In Portugal he is better known as Infante D. Pedro das Sete Partidas [do Mundo], "of the Seven Parts [of the... - MaryMarie of ClevesMaria of Cleves was the third wife of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and the mother of his only son, King Louis XII of France...
(1426–1487) married Charles, Duke of Orléans; became parents of Louis XIILouis XII of FranceLouis proved to be a popular king. At the end of his reign the crown deficit was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes...
, King of France
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