Ada'a Chukala
Encyclopedia
Ada'a Chukala is one of the 180 woreda
s in the Oromia Region
of Ethiopia
. Part of the Debub Misraq (Southwest) Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley
, Ada'a Chukala is bordered on the south by Dugda Bora
, on the west by the Mirab Shewa Zone
, on the northwest by Akaki
, on the northeast by Gimbichu
, and on the east by Lome
. The administrative center is Debre Zeit; other towns in Ada'a Chukala include Adulala.
is also a prominent peak as well as a notable landmark, as the monastery of Saint Gebre Manfas Qeddus is located on it. Rivers include the Modjo
, Belbela, Wedecha and Dukem
. Other bodies of water include the five crater lake
s around Debre Zeyit
: Lake Bishoftu, Lake Hora, Lake Bishoftu Guda, Lake Koriftu and the seasonal Lake Cheleklaka. Important forests
include the government-protected Dirre-Garbicha and the Tedecha and Oude community forests. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 51% is arable or cultivable, 6.4% pasture, 7.4% in community, regional and natural forests, and the remaining 34.8% is considered degraded or otherwise unusable. Legumes and sugar cane are important cash crops; Ada'a Chukala produces the most teff
, wheat and legumes in Misraq Shewa.
Industry in the woreda includes 8 licensed mining enterprises, both private and state-owned, two flour mills (one publicly owned, the other privatized in 1996), 26 small industries that employed 327 people, as well as 202 wholesalers, 172 retailers and 12 service providers. There were 42 Farmers Associations with 26,525 members and 26 Farmers Service Cooperatives. All of the farmers' cooperatives are member of the Erer Farmers' Cooperative Union, which includes cooperatives from two other woredas. The major micro-finance institution operating in Ada'a Chukala is the Oromiyaa Credit and Saving SC, which opened a branch in Debre Zeit around 2001; however the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
extends credit to the cooperatives to market their grain. Ada'a Chukala has 40 kilometers of dry-weather and 93 of all-weather road, for an average road density of 81.3 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 27% of the rural, 100% of the urban and 52% of the total population has access to drinking water
.
in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 355,343, of whom 175,788 are men and 179,555 are women; 142,866 or 40.21% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 32.1%. With an estimated area of 1,635.16 square kilometers, Ada'a Chukala has an estimated population density of 217.3 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 181.7.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 234,614, of whom 118,188 were men and 116,426 women; 79,931 or 34.07% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Ada'a Chukala were the Oromo
(69.64%), the Amhara
(23.84%), the Sebat Bet
Gurage
(1.64%), the Tigray
(1.3%), and the Soddo Gurage (1.29%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.29% of the population. Oromiffa
was spoken as a first language by 63.37%, 33.86% spoke Amharic
, and 0.89% spoke Tigrinya
; the remaining 1.88% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.23% of the population reporting they practiced that belief, while 2.63% of the population said they practiced traditional beliefs, 2.57% were Protestant
, and 1.33% were Moslem
.
Woreda
Woreda is an administrative division of Ethiopia , equivalent to a district . Woredas are composed of a number of Kebele, or neighborhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia...
s in the Oromia Region
Oromia Region
Oromia is one of the nine ethnic divisions of Ethiopia...
of Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
. Part of the Debub Misraq (Southwest) Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley
Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley is a name given in the late 19th century by British explorer John Walter Gregory to the continuous geographic trench, approximately in length, that runs from northern Syria in Southwest Asia to central Mozambique in South East Africa...
, Ada'a Chukala is bordered on the south by Dugda Bora
Dugda Bora
Dugda Bora is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Dugda Bora is bordered on the southeast by Lake Zway, on the south by Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples...
, on the west by the Mirab Shewa Zone
Mirab Shewa Zone
Mirab Shewa is one of the 12 zones of the Oromia Region in Ethiopia. This zone takes its name from the kingdom or former province of Shewa...
, on the northwest by Akaki
Akaki
Akaki is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Shea Zone, Akaki is bordered on the southwest by the Debub Mirab Shewa Zone, on the northwest by Addis Ababa, on the north by the Semien Shewa Zone, and on the east by Ada'a Chukala...
, on the northeast by Gimbichu
Gimbichu
Gimbichu is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Shewa Zone, Gimbichu is bordered on the south by Lome, on the southwest by Ada'a Chukala, on the northwest by the Amhara Region, and on the east by the Afar Region...
, and on the east by Lome
Lome (woreda)
Lome is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Lome is bordered on the south by the Koka Reservoir, on the west by Ada'a Chukala, on the northwest by Gimbichu, on the north by the Afar Region, and on the east by Adama...
. The administrative center is Debre Zeit; other towns in Ada'a Chukala include Adulala.
Overview
Altitudes in this woreda range from 1500 to over 2000 meters above sea level. Although the highest point in Ada'a Chukala, and in Misraq Shewa, is Mount Yerer which lies on the border with Akaki, Mount ZuquallaMount Zuqualla
Mount Zuqualla is an extinct volcano in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Situated in Ada'a Chukala woreda of the Misraq Shewa Zone, it rises from the plain 30 kilometers south of Debre Zeyit...
is also a prominent peak as well as a notable landmark, as the monastery of Saint Gebre Manfas Qeddus is located on it. Rivers include the Modjo
Modjo River
The Modjo is a river of central Ethiopia. A tributary of the Awash River, its own tributaries include the Wedecha and Belbela.A report by Action Professionals Association for the People, a non-governmental organization, claimed that laboratory analyses of toxic industrial chemicals in the river...
, Belbela, Wedecha and Dukem
Dukem River
Dukem River is a river of central Ethiopia....
. Other bodies of water include the five crater lake
Crater lake
A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite. Sometimes lakes which form inside calderas are called caldera lakes, but often this distinction is not...
s around Debre Zeyit
Debre Zeyit
Debre Zeyit is a town of Ethiopia, lying south east of Addis Ababa. Since the late 1990s it has been officially known by the Oromo name, Bishoftu, which was its name until 1955...
: Lake Bishoftu, Lake Hora, Lake Bishoftu Guda, Lake Koriftu and the seasonal Lake Cheleklaka. Important forests
Forestry in Ethiopia
In the late nineteenth century, about 30% of Ethiopia was covered with forest. The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. The northern parts of the highlands...
include the government-protected Dirre-Garbicha and the Tedecha and Oude community forests. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 51% is arable or cultivable, 6.4% pasture, 7.4% in community, regional and natural forests, and the remaining 34.8% is considered degraded or otherwise unusable. Legumes and sugar cane are important cash crops; Ada'a Chukala produces the most teff
Teff
Eragrostis tef, known as teff, taf , or khak shir , is an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to the northern Ethiopian Highlands of Northeast Africa....
, wheat and legumes in Misraq Shewa.
Industry in the woreda includes 8 licensed mining enterprises, both private and state-owned, two flour mills (one publicly owned, the other privatized in 1996), 26 small industries that employed 327 people, as well as 202 wholesalers, 172 retailers and 12 service providers. There were 42 Farmers Associations with 26,525 members and 26 Farmers Service Cooperatives. All of the farmers' cooperatives are member of the Erer Farmers' Cooperative Union, which includes cooperatives from two other woredas. The major micro-finance institution operating in Ada'a Chukala is the Oromiyaa Credit and Saving SC, which opened a branch in Debre Zeit around 2001; however the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia is the largest commercial bank in Ethiopia and had about Birr 73.7 billion , in assets at the end of June 2010. At the time, the bank held approximately 63.5% of deposits and about 38% of all bank loans in the country...
extends credit to the cooperatives to market their grain. Ada'a Chukala has 40 kilometers of dry-weather and 93 of all-weather road, for an average road density of 81.3 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 27% of the rural, 100% of the urban and 52% of the total population has access to drinking water
Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia
Access to water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia is amongst the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire world. While access has increased substantially with funding from external aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving the share of people...
.
Demographics
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical AgencyCentral Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)
The Central Statistical Agency is an agency of the government of Ethiopia designated to provide all surveys and censuses for that country used to monitor economic and social growth, as well as to act as an official training center in that field. It is part of the Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and...
in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 355,343, of whom 175,788 are men and 179,555 are women; 142,866 or 40.21% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 32.1%. With an estimated area of 1,635.16 square kilometers, Ada'a Chukala has an estimated population density of 217.3 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 181.7.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 234,614, of whom 118,188 were men and 116,426 women; 79,931 or 34.07% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Ada'a Chukala were the Oromo
Oromo people
The Oromo are an ethnic group found in Ethiopia, northern Kenya, .and parts of Somalia. With 30 million members, they constitute the single largest ethnic group in Ethiopia and approximately 34.49% of the population according to the 2007 census...
(69.64%), the Amhara
Amhara people
Amhara are a highland people inhabiting the Northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Numbering about 19.8 million people, they comprise 26% of the country's population, according to the 2007 national census...
(23.84%), the Sebat Bet
Sebat Bet Gurage language
Sebat Bet is a Gurage language, spoken in several dialects found in the western Gurage Zone:*Chaha is spoken in Cheha woreda, and is the best studied of these dialects;*Ezha is spoken in Ezhana Wolene woreda,...
Gurage
Gurage
Gurage is an ethnic group in Ethiopia. According to the 2007 national census, its population is 1,867,377 people , of whom 792,659 are urban dwellers. This is 2.53% of the total population of Ethiopia, or 7.52% of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region...
(1.64%), the Tigray
Tigray-Tigrinya people
Tigray-Tigrinya are an ethnic group who live in the southern, central and northern parts of Eritrea and the northern highlands of Ethiopia's Tigray province. They also live in Ethiopia's former provinces of Begemder and Wollo, which are today mostly part of Amhara Region, though a few regions...
(1.3%), and the Soddo Gurage (1.29%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.29% of the population. Oromiffa
Oromo language
Oromo, also known as Afaan Oromo, Oromiffa, Afan Boran, Afan Orma, and sometimes in other languages by variant spellings of these names , is an Afro-Asiatic language, and the most widely spoken of the Cushitic family. Forms of Oromo are spoken as a first language by more than 25 million Oromo and...
was spoken as a first language by 63.37%, 33.86% spoke Amharic
Amharic language
Amharic is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. It is the second most-spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic, and the official working language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Thus, it has official status and is used nationwide. Amharic is also the official or working...
, and 0.89% spoke Tigrinya
Tigrinya language
Tigrinya , also spelled Tigrigna, Tigrnia, Tigrina, Tigriña, less commonly Tigrinian, Tigrinyan, is a Semitic language spoken by the Tigrinya people in central Eritrea , where it is one of the two main languages of Eritrea, and in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia , where it...
; the remaining 1.88% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.23% of the population reporting they practiced that belief, while 2.63% of the population said they practiced traditional beliefs, 2.57% were Protestant
P'ent'ay
P'ent'ay or Pentay is a slang term widely used in modern Ethiopia, and among Ethiopians living abroad, to describe Ethiopian Christians who are not members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo, Ethiopian Orthodox Tehadeso, Roman Catholic or Ethiopian Catholic churches...
, and 1.33% were Moslem
Islam in Ethiopia
According to the latest 2007 national census, Islam is the second most widely practised religion in Ethiopia after Christianity, with over 25 million of Ethiopians adhering to Islam according to the 2007 national census, having arrived in Ethiopia in 615...
.