Actinin, alpha 2
Encyclopedia
Actinin, alpha 2, also known as ACTN2, is a protein
which in humans is encoded by the ACTN2 gene
.
s belong to the spectrin
gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal
proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophin
s. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. Studies have also implicated alpha actinin in the binding of cardiac ion channels, Kv1.5
in particular. This gene encodes a muscle-specific, alpha actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Transcript variants resulting from the use of multiple poly_A sites have been observed.
with KCNA5
, DLG1
, DISC1
, MYOZ1
, GRIN2B
, ADAM12
, ACTN3
and MYPN
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
which in humans is encoded by the ACTN2 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
Alpha actininActinin
Actinin is a microfilament protein. α-Actinin is necessary for the attachment of actin filaments to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells, and to the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells...
s belong to the spectrin
Spectrin
Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane of many cell types in pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements, forming a scaffolding and playing an important role in maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and cytoskeletal structure...
gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be unique to eukaryotes, but recent research has identified the prokaryotic cytoskeleton...
proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophin
Dystrophin
Dystrophin is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane. This complex is variously known as the costamere or the dystrophin-associated protein complex...
s. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. Studies have also implicated alpha actinin in the binding of cardiac ion channels, Kv1.5
KCNA5
Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 5, also known as KCNA5 or Kv1.5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA5 gene.-Function:...
in particular. This gene encodes a muscle-specific, alpha actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Transcript variants resulting from the use of multiple poly_A sites have been observed.
Interactions
Actinin, alpha 2 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with KCNA5
KCNA5
Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 5, also known as KCNA5 or Kv1.5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA5 gene.-Function:...
, DLG1
DLG1
Disks large homolog 1 , also known as synapse-associated protein 97 or SAP97, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAP97 gene....
, DISC1
DISC1
Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 is a protein that is encoded by the DISC1 gene in humans. In coordination with a wide array of interacting partners, DISC1 has been shown to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, neuronal axon and dendrite outgrowth,...
, MYOZ1
MYOZ1
Myozenin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOZ1 gene.-Interactions:MYOZ1 has been shown to interact with Telethonin, FLNC and Actinin, alpha 2.-Further reading:...
, GRIN2B
GRIN2B
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 also known as N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2B gene.- Function :...
, ADAM12
ADAM12
For the television show, see Adam 12Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM12 gene.-Interactions:...
, ACTN3
ACTN3
Alpha-actinin-3, also known as alpha-actinin skeletal muscle isoform 3 or F-actin cross-linking protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTN3 gene....
and MYPN
MYPN
Myopalladin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYPN gene.-Interactions:MYPN has been shown to interact with Actinin, alpha 2, ANKRD23 and ANKRD1.-Further reading:...
.