ACOT2
Encyclopedia
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2, also known as ACOT2, is an enzyme
which in humans is encoded by the ACOT2 gene
.
Acyl-CoA thioesterases, such as ACOT2, are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze Coenzyme A
(CoA) ester
s, such as acyl-CoAs, bile CoAs, and CoA esters of prostaglandins, to the corresponding free acid and CoA.
ACOT2 shows high acyl-CoA thioesterase
activity on medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs, with an optimal pH of 8.5. It is most active on myristoyl
-CoA but also shows high activity on palmitoyl
-CoA, stearoyl
-CoA, and arachidoyl
-CoA.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
which in humans is encoded by the ACOT2 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Acyl-CoA thioesterases, such as ACOT2, are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All sequenced genomes encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it as a substrate...
(CoA) ester
Ester
Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...
s, such as acyl-CoAs, bile CoAs, and CoA esters of prostaglandins, to the corresponding free acid and CoA.
ACOT2 shows high acyl-CoA thioesterase
Thioesterase
Thioesterases are enzymes which belong to the Esterase family. Esterases, in turn, are one type of the several hydrolases known.Thioesterases exhibit Esterase activity specifically at a thiol group.Thioesterases or thiolester hydrolases are identified as members of E.C.3.1.2.-Examples:Acetyl-coA...
activity on medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs, with an optimal pH of 8.5. It is most active on myristoyl
Myristic acid
Myristic acid, also called tetradecanoic acid, is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH312COOH. A myristate is a salt or ester of myristic acid....
-CoA but also shows high activity on palmitoyl
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants. Its molecular formula is CH314CO2H. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from palm trees . Palmitate is a term for the salts and esters of...
-CoA, stearoyl
Stearic acid
Stearic acid is the saturated fatty acid with an 18 carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid, and its chemical formula is CH316CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéatos", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates...
-CoA, and arachidoyl
Arachidic acid
Arachidic acid, also called eicosanoic acid, is the saturated fatty acid with a 20 carbon chain. It is as a minor constituent of peanut oil and corn oil . Its name derives from the Latin arachis — peanut...
-CoA.