2011 China floods
Encyclopedia
The 2011 China floods are a series of floods from June to September of 2011 that occurred in central and southern parts of the People's Republic of China
. They were caused by heavy rain that inundated portions of 12 provinces, leaving other provinces still suffering a prolonged drought
, a total of over 36 million people have been affected, killing at least 355and with direct economic losses of nearly US$6.5 billion.
On June 10, 2011, the China's Flood Control Office reported that the tropical storm Sarika would land somewhere between the city of Shanwei
in Guangdong
province and Zhangpu in nearby Fujian province on June 11th, bringing more severe flooding.
China's Meteorological Administration
issued a level 3 emergency alert for the Yangtze on 12 June. As of the 17 June, the flood alert had been raised to a level 4 (the maximum alert level) - with 555,000 people being evacuated across the Yangtze Basin.
Severe tropical storm Meari caused flooding in Liaoning
, Zhejiang
and Shandong
provinces, by 27 June flooding had forced the evacuation of 7,500 people, destroyed 400 homes and covered 17 counties including 33,000 hectares of farmland, affecting 164,000 people.
State media announced that between 13-17 June, a further 19 were killed, with 7 more missing from Anhui
, Zhejiang
, Jiangxi
, Hubei
, Hunan
, Sichuan
and Guizhou
provinces and Chongqing
municipality. Later updates suggested 25 dead and 25 missing between those dates.
However unofficial totals on 17 June (based on the reports from the various provinces) have the casualties at 178 dead and 68 missing.
Official totals from the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters on 30 June stand at: at least 239 dead, 86 missing, 36.7 million people have been affected, about 106,500 houses and about 1.16 million hectares of crops destroyed, with total of 43.2 billion yuan ($6.65 billion) in economic costs.
By June 10th, an estimated 4.81 million people were affected by the floods.
Four days later (14 June), a total of over 10 million people were affected, and direct economic losses of 8.7 billion yuan (US$1.3 billion) had been inflicted.
On June 17th, official reports of direct economic losses resulting from this round of rainstorms amounted to 12.85 billion yuan (US$1.98 billion, €1.5 billion), which is more than the combined direct economic losses that resulted from the two previous rounds of heavy rains, bringing the total losses to nearly US$3.3 billion, €2.5 billion.
The Chinese government plans to spend 35 million yuan (US$5.39 million, €5 million) to provide relief to those in Guizhou.
On June 22nd, the Chinese government set aside 340 million yuan for flood relief
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. They were caused by heavy rain that inundated portions of 12 provinces, leaving other provinces still suffering a prolonged drought
2010–2011 China drought
The 2010–2011 China drought was a drought that began in late 2010 and impacted eight provinces in the northern part of the People's Republic of China...
, a total of over 36 million people have been affected, killing at least 355and with direct economic losses of nearly US$6.5 billion.
Effects
Conflicting reports suggest that either 12 or 13 provinces and autonomous regions have been hit by heavy floods Weather forecasts predicted the rain would continue, and the government warned of possible mudslides.On June 10, 2011, the China's Flood Control Office reported that the tropical storm Sarika would land somewhere between the city of Shanwei
Shanwei
Shanwei is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong province of Southern China, People's Republic of China. It borders Jieyang to the east, Meizhou and Heyuan to the north, Huizhou to the west, and looks out to the South China Sea to the south...
in Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
province and Zhangpu in nearby Fujian province on June 11th, bringing more severe flooding.
China's Meteorological Administration
China Meteorological Administration
The China Meteorological Administration , headquartered in Beijing, is the national weather service for the People's Republic of China.-History:...
issued a level 3 emergency alert for the Yangtze on 12 June. As of the 17 June, the flood alert had been raised to a level 4 (the maximum alert level) - with 555,000 people being evacuated across the Yangtze Basin.
Severe tropical storm Meari caused flooding in Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
, Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
and Shandong
Shandong
' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
provinces, by 27 June flooding had forced the evacuation of 7,500 people, destroyed 400 homes and covered 17 counties including 33,000 hectares of farmland, affecting 164,000 people.
Casualties
At least 54 people have died by 9 June as a result of the flooding. A further forty-one people were reported dead on 10 June, bringing the total dead to at least 97, and by 13 June official totals report at least 105 dead 63 missing.State media announced that between 13-17 June, a further 19 were killed, with 7 more missing from Anhui
Anhui
Anhui is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny...
, Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
, Jiangxi
Jiangxi
' is a southern province in the People's Republic of China. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south, it shares a border with Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to...
, Hubei
Hubei
' Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting...
, Hunan
Hunan
' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
, Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
and Guizhou
Guizhou
' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...
provinces and Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
municipality. Later updates suggested 25 dead and 25 missing between those dates.
However unofficial totals on 17 June (based on the reports from the various provinces) have the casualties at 178 dead and 68 missing.
Official totals from the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters on 30 June stand at: at least 239 dead, 86 missing, 36.7 million people have been affected, about 106,500 houses and about 1.16 million hectares of crops destroyed, with total of 43.2 billion yuan ($6.65 billion) in economic costs.
Economic cost
By June 9th, the floods were estimated to have destroyed nearly 7,500 houses and submerged 255,000 hectares (630,000 acres) of farmland, causing direct losses of 4.92 billion yuan (US$760 million, €745 million).By June 10th, an estimated 4.81 million people were affected by the floods.
Four days later (14 June), a total of over 10 million people were affected, and direct economic losses of 8.7 billion yuan (US$1.3 billion) had been inflicted.
On June 17th, official reports of direct economic losses resulting from this round of rainstorms amounted to 12.85 billion yuan (US$1.98 billion, €1.5 billion), which is more than the combined direct economic losses that resulted from the two previous rounds of heavy rains, bringing the total losses to nearly US$3.3 billion, €2.5 billion.
The Chinese government plans to spend 35 million yuan (US$5.39 million, €5 million) to provide relief to those in Guizhou.
On June 22nd, the Chinese government set aside 340 million yuan for flood relief
Other specifics
- Two people were killed and one was injured by lightning in BeijingBeijingBeijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, where more than 1,000 lightning strikes were recorded late Tuesday and early Wednesday (7 and 8 June)
- On 17 June, rain-triggered landslides buried parts of a railway line between SichuanSichuan' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
and YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
leaving 5,000 passengers on four trains stranded and forced many other trains back to their starting point.
- On 19 June: the Yellow RiverYellow RiverThe Yellow River or Huang He, formerly known as the Hwang Ho, is the second-longest river in China and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of . Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into...
Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters launched a 20-day operation to discharge water from three reservoirs (held back by the Wanjiazhai DamWanjiazhai DamThe Wanjiazhai Dam is a gravity dam on the Yellow River on the border of Pianguan County, Shaanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , China. The main purpose of the dam is water supply for the Wanjiazhai Water Control Project along with peak hydroelectric power generation...
, Sanmenxia DamSanmenxia DamThe Sanmenxia Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the middle-reaches of the Yellow River near Sanmenxia on the border Shanxi and Henan Province, China. The dam is multi-purpose and was constructed for flood and ice control along with irrigation, hydroelectric power production and navigation....
and Xiaolangdi DamXiaolangdi DamThe Xiaolangdi Dam is a dam in Jiyuan, Henan Province, China, and impounds the Yellow River. The facility has a total installed capacity of and generates up to 5.1 TWh annually with the help of six turbines. The dam stands tall and wide, and cost US$3.5 billion to construct...
s) in a bid to clear sediment in the river.
Drought still ongoing in some regions
- by June 7th: there were still 2.15 million people affected by water shortages from the preceding drought.
- by June 18th: Despite the flooding in many provinces, drought was still affecting parts of northern GansuGansu' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
and NingxiaNingxiaNingxia, formerly transliterated as Ningsia, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Located in Northwest China, on the Loess Plateau, the Yellow River flows through this vast area of land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary...
provinces. - June 20th: Drought still affecting 72.19 million mu (4.81 million hectares) in unflooded parts of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu provinces and some northern provinces.
Flooding by province
Anhui
- By 14 June, in the city of Huangshan in southern Anhui, water overflowed from 35 reservoirs and exceeded the warning levels in 124 reservoirs, according to the city flood control and drought relief headquarters
- By 20 June, damage had been confirmed at 117.6 km of dikes, 1,824 irrigation facility sites, 36 drinking water projects and three hydropower stations.
- By 21 June, the continuous rain had caused over 660 reservoirs to overflow, and had damaged hundreds of kilometers of dikes in the southern parts of the province.
- The Shuiyang and Qingyi rivers, tributaries of the Yangtze River, run through AnhuiAnhuiAnhui is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny...
. Both had risen above the warning safety mark.
Chongqing
- By 13 June: the biggest daily rainfall had reached 104.2 millimeters, more than 110,000 people had been affected, 120 houses had toppled, with a direct economic loss of 55.5 million yuan
Fujian
- From 13-14 June: As a result of Tropical Storm Sarika, rainfall in 24 hours reached 50 to 80 mm. 7 were killed in the ensuing landslide, and the water level in two hydrologic stations has exceeded the warning line.
- 28 June: streets are flooded in Jinjiang City
Gansu
- 17 June: the road to the Mogao Grottoes was closed due to flooding, the Mogao Grottoes world heritage siteWorld Heritage SiteA UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
itself was also closed.
Guangdong
- A middle school student became the first casualty in the province when fencing collapsed on Saturday, June 18 2011.
Guizhou
- by 6 June: 9 were reported dead, and a further 13 missing.
- by 7 June: the economic losses were estimated at 170 million yuan ($26.23 million)
- 8 June: it was reported that nearly 100,000 had been evacuated since 3rd of June
- by 8 June: reports suggested that 21 had been killed and 32 were still missing,
- by 9 June: Reports had reached 21 dead, 30 missing in the county of WangmoWangmo CountyWangmo County is a county of Guizhou, China. It is under the administration of the Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.Wangmo, recorded of rainfall in one hour, on 9 June 2011, the most rainfall in the county in 200 years....
, in the province of Guizhou., approximately 100,000 residents of the province of GuizhouGuizhou' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...
were forced to evacuate their homes. Wangmo, recorded 122.5 millimetres (4.8 in) of rainfall in one hour, the most rainfall in the county in 200 years. - by 13 June: 24 had been killed, with 39 still reported missing.
- A report on 13 June suggested 25 killed, 31 missing
- 13-14 June: 3 were killed by lightning and 2,700 more were evacuated from areas at risk of flooding
- 20 June: 312 millimetre of rain fell in 3hrs in Wangmo county, 200mm fell in other regions
- 22 June: Five people were killed, 7,200 evacuated, more than 100 houses collapsed, and 316,000 mu (21,067 hectares) of farmland submerged with an estimated economic cost of 65 million yuan (10 million USD).
Hainan
Hainan went mostly unscathed until two typhoons which hit Philippines passed through in late September early October, which resulted in 57 villages flooded and brought water levels in six reservoirs in Haikou to dangerously high levels.Hubei
- 10 June: 22 people were confirmed dead including 1 when rain destroyed a wall, which killed one person and injured six more. 110,000 people had been evacuated. WuhanWuhanWuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers...
, the capital of the province, was flooded, with parts of the city losing power. - by 10 June 10: other reports suggested more than 127,500 people had been evacuated in total, with direct economic losses of 866 million yuan (133 million USD).
- During the morning of 11 June the tropical storm Sarika made landfall in Shantou, China, 23 people were killed in XianningXianningXianning is a prefecture-level city in China's Hubei province. It is known as the "City of Osmanthus".-Geography and climate:Xianning is located in southeastern Hubei province, just south of Wuhan, between the southern bank of the Yangtze River in the north and the Mufu Mountains in the south. It...
, and ten more were declared missing, and estimated damage of $248 million. - by 13 June: Reports suggested that 29 had been killed, and 10 people were reported missing
- 14 June: 53,000 people were evacuated as level of a local river had risen by five meters as of 7 p.m in the City of XianningXianningXianning is a prefecture-level city in China's Hubei province. It is known as the "City of Osmanthus".-Geography and climate:Xianning is located in southeastern Hubei province, just south of Wuhan, between the southern bank of the Yangtze River in the north and the Mufu Mountains in the south. It...
- 15 June: a landslide left 6 missing and formed a damLandslide damA landslide dam, debris dam, or barrier lake is a natural damming of a river by some kind of mass wasting: landslide, debris flow, rock avalanche or volcano. If it is caused by earthquake, it may also be called a quake lake. Some landslide dams are as high as the largest existing artificial dam...
blocking the Pingdu River, forcing 2,000 residents to evacuate due to the risk of collapse. - 17 - 18 June: 2 killed, 2 missing, 3.01 million people in 31 counties affected, 24,400 people evacuated, 261,200 hectares of crops damaged, 2,194 houses collapsed and 5,077 houses damaged, with estimate economic losses of 730 million yuan. The affected area included Yichang countyYiling DistrictYiling District is a district within the prefecture-level city of Yichang in China's Hubei Province. Created in July 2001, the district includes most of the former Yichang County, with the exception of Yichang center city and certain southern and western suburbs.The land area of Yiling District...
where Three Gorges DamThree Gorges DamThe Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, located in the Yiling District of Yichang, in Hubei province, China...
is located, where 278,200 people and 21,500 hectares of crops were affected.
Hunan
- 4 June: the Tuo RiverTuo RiverTuo River is a river in Sichuan province of China. It is one of the major tributaries of the upper Yangtze River and its length is about 655 km. Tuo river is originates from the northwest edge of Sichuan basin and runs through places like Jintang, Jianyang, Ziyang, Zizhong, Neijiang before it...
, which runs through Fenghuang CountyFenghuang CountyFenghuang County is located in Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. It has an exceptionally well-preserved ancient town that harbors unique ethnic languages, customs, arts as well as many distinctive architectural remains of Ming and Qing styles. The town is placed in a...
, broke its banks submerging roads, the flash flooding blocked some roads in the county for more than 3 hours. - on the 10th June, 19 were reported as having died, and 33 people were reported missing.
- By 11 June: 36 had been killed, 21 were missing, 3.61 million people had been effected, with 149,000 evacuated and economic losses estimated at 2.22 billion yuan ($340 million). There was reported to be the most rain for 300 years in parts of the province.
- By 13 June: the totals had reached 39 killed, with 21 still missing
Jiangsu
- 18 July: Nianjing City had had 36 days of continuous rainfall - the longest in the past 10 years. With significant flooding in Nianjing.
Jiangxi
- 7 June: A family of five were confirmed dead after their home was washed away in Jiangxi's ShangraoShangraoShangrao is a medium-sized prefecture-level city located in the northeast of China's Jiangxi province. According to the 2010 Census, Shangrao has a population of 6,579,714 inhabitants....
City. - 10 June: 26,000 were evacuated, about 20 people were trapped after their homes collapsed in rain-triggered floods. The maximum precipitation in some areas totaled 228 mm in five hours and 13,600 people had been displaced from the province.
- by 13 June: it was reported that 13 had been killed in the province.
- by the afternoon of 15 June: 70,100 people had been evacuated, 1,320 houses had toppled, and in the worst-hit city of Dexing 5,200 were people trapped by floods and needing to be moved to safe places.
- 16 June: in the east of the province, troops helped 122,400 residents move from low-lying areas.
Liaoning
- 27 June: No specific details but there was significant flooding as a result of Meari
Shaanxi
- 5 July: 18 people were killed, and 4 injured, after heavy rain caused a 5000m3 landslide which engulfed 8 houses in the northwestern Lueyang CountyLueyang CountyLueyang County, or Lüeyang County, is a county of Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China.-External links:*...
.
Sichuan
- By 17 June: no details had been confirmed for this province though there had been significant flooding here.
- 18 June: Xinhua reported 8 dead and 29 more missing in the province.
- 23 June: Six people were killed and two were reported missing.
- 4 July: All the 20 schools in Wangcang county have been damaged or in danger of collapse, 29 thousand houses without power in the county.
- 5 July: a 10-year-old male Giant PandaGiant PandaThe giant panda, or panda is a bear native to central-western and south western China. It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches around the eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the panda's diet is 99% bamboo...
which drowned as a result of flooding 2 or 3 days earlier was washed up on the shores of the Zipingpu Reservoir having been swept into the Minjiang River. - 6 July: Officials report 7 deaths and 5 missing since 30 June, State Highway 213State Highway 213 (Sichuan)State Highway 213 is a major highway in Sichuan, China, it was referred to as a "lifeline" by rescue workers involved in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake...
has been damaged by mudslides and collapses, including a 400m stretch as a result of the nearby river being diverted by a mudslide.
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- 21 June: 4 bodies recovered after trucks swept away by flash floods
Zhejiang
- Zhejiang had already received 100 to 200 millimeters of rain between Saturday 4th and Monday 6th June.
- by the 15 June: 2,059 people in 17 counties had been evacuated, 79 houses had toppled and 2,370 hectares of farmland had been damaged.
- 16 June: it was reported that 2,500 houses had toppled in addition to two DikesLeveeA levee, levée, dike , embankment, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels...
being breached, flooding 2 towns and 21 villages resulting in 120,000 being evacuated. - 17 June: the Qiantang RiverQiantang RiverThe Qiantang River is a southeast Chinese river that originates in the borders of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces and passes through Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, before flowing into the East China Sea through Hangzhou Bay....
was reported to be 2.4m above safe levels, its highest level since 1955. - by 19 June: flood had caused 6bn yuan ($925 million) of damage, reducing vegetable production by 20% and pushed prices in the provincial capital of HangzhouHangzhouHangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
up by as much as 40% - 19 June: A mudslide killed two and left two more missing in Longtan Village of Tianma Town in Changshan CountyChangshan CountyChangshan County is a county under the jurisdiction of Quzhou city in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China. The district's total area is 1099 square kilometers, and its population is 320,000 people. The district's postal code is 324200...
- 20 June: 292,000 people had been evacuated along the Qiantang riverQiantang RiverThe Qiantang River is a southeast Chinese river that originates in the borders of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces and passes through Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, before flowing into the East China Sea through Hangzhou Bay....
which was reported as dangerously swollen. A 70km length of dyke along the Lanjiang river in the city of LanxiLanxi, ZhejiangLanxi is a county-level city in the municipal region of Jinhua, ZJ.The city executive, legislature and judiciary are at Lanjiang Town , together with the CPC and PSB branches...
was overflowing at some points, as the river had reached the highest levels since 1966, the authorities were reported to be preparing to evacuate the area due to the risk of the dykes bursting. Direct economic losses in this province so far are estimated as 7.69 billion yuan ($1.19 billion). - 21 June: Xin'anjiang ReservoirQiandao LakeQiandao Lake is a man-made lake located in Chun'an County, Zhejiang, China, formed since the completion of the Xin'an River hydroelectric station. There are 1,078 large islands in the lake and a few thousand smaller ones. It covers an area of 573 km² and has a storage capacity of 17.8 km³...
in HangzhouHangzhouHangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
began discharging water by opening three of its nine floodgates, releasing water into the Lanjiang river. The reservoir was at risk of overflowing and will take 30 to 40 hours before it returns to safe water levels. Officials ordered the action on the 21st as the water downstream was deemed to have receded below danger levels. This was the first time since 1999 that the reservoir (the largest in eastern China) had been forced to release water. - 27 June: Flooding continues as a result of Meari
See also
- 2010–2011 China drought2010–2011 China droughtThe 2010–2011 China drought was a drought that began in late 2010 and impacted eight provinces in the northern part of the People's Republic of China...
- 2010 China floods
- 2011 Seoul floods2011 Seoul floodsHeavy rainfall in South Korea in late July 2011 triggered a series of flash floods and landslides that killed at least 49 people by July 27, leaving a total of more than 77 dead or missing. On July 27, the number of killed rose further to 69. The floods occurred primarily around the national...
- 2011 Pacific typhoon season2011 Pacific typhoon seasonThe 2011 Pacific typhoon season was the time of the year in which tropical cyclones form in the Western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2011 with most tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator...
- Chinese water crisis
- Water resources of the People's Republic of China