12th century in poetry
Encyclopedia
Events
- Emergence of the troubadourTroubadourA troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages . Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz....
, trouvèreTrouvèreTrouvère , sometimes spelled trouveur , is the Northern French form of the word trobador . It refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the troubadours but who composed their works in the northern dialects of France...
and minnesänger traditions, in the Occitan, Langues d'oïlLangues d'oïlThe langues d'oïl or langues d'oui , in English the Oïl or Oui languages, are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest autochthonous relatives spoken today in the northern half of France, southern Belgium, and the Channel Islands...
and Middle High GermanMiddle High GermanMiddle High German , abbreviated MHG , is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350. It is preceded by Old High German and followed by Early New High German...
vernaculars respectively
Major works
- 1180 to 1210 - Nibelunglied
- The Tale of Igor's CampaignThe Tale of Igor's CampaignThe Tale of Igor's Campaign is an anonymous epic poem written in the Old East Slavic language.The title is occasionally translated as The Song of Igor's Campaign, The Lay of Igor's Campaign, and The Lay of...
in Old East Slavic, dated near the end of the century - OrmulumOrmulumThe Ormulum or Orrmulum is a twelfth-century work of biblical exegesis, written by a monk named Orm and consisting of just under 19,000 lines of early Middle English verse...
in Middle EnglishMiddle EnglishMiddle English is the stage in the history of the English language during the High and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th and the late 15th century.... - Chanson d'AntiocheChanson d'AntiocheThe Chanson d'Antioche is a chanson de geste in 9000 lines of alexandrines in stanzas called laisses, now known in a version composed about 1180 for a courtly French audience and embedded in a quasi-historical cycle of epic poems inspired by the events of 1097 – 1099, the climax of the First...
and other crusader tales at the beginning of the century.
Poets
- ChakhrukhadzeChakhrukhadzeChakhrukhadze is a Georgian poet of the late 12th/early 13th century traditionally credited to have written Tamariani , a collection of twenty two odes and one elegy praising, often deifying Queen Tamar of Georgia...
poet, autor of Tamariani - Shota RustaveliShota RustaveliShota Rustaveli was a Georgian poet of the 12th century, and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literature. He is author of "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" , the Georgian national epic poem....
poet of the 12th century, author of "The Knight in the Panther's SkinThe Knight in the Panther's SkinThe Knight in the Panther's Skin is an epic poem, consisting of over 1600 shairi quatrains, was written in the 12th century by the Georgian epic-poet Shota Rustaveli, who was a Prince and Treasurer at the royal court of Queen Tamar of Georgia. The Knight in the Panther's Skin is often seen as...
" - Chrétien de TroyesChrétien de TroyesChrétien de Troyes was a French poet and trouvère who flourished in the late 12th century. Perhaps he named himself Christian of Troyes in contrast to the illustrious Rashi, also of Troyes...
flourishes in the 1170s and 1180s. - Marie de FranceMarie de FranceMarie de France was a medieval poet who was probably born in France and lived in England during the late 12th century. She lived and wrote at an undisclosed court, but was almost certainly at least known about at the royal court of King Henry II of England...
flourishes from approximately 1170 through 1205/1210. - Jean BodelJean BodelJean Bodel, who lived in the late twelfth century, was an Old French poet who wrote a number of chansons de geste as well as many fabliaux. He lived in Arras....
- Undated troubadors
- Bernart de VentadornBernart de VentadornBernart de Ventadorn , also known as Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn, was a prominent troubador of the classical age of troubadour poetry. Now thought of as "the Master Singer" he developed the cançons into a more formalized style which allowed for sudden turns...
(c. 1130s - c. 1190s) - CercamonCercamonCercamon , whose real name, as well as any actual biographical data, is unknown, was one of the earliest troubadours. He was apparently a jester of sorts, born in Gascony, who spent most of his career in the courts of William X of Aquitaine and perhaps of Eble III of Ventadorn...
(fl.FloruitFloruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...
1130s and 1140s) - MarcabruMarcabruMarcabru is one of the earliest troubadours whose poems are known. There is no certain information about him; the two vidas attached to his poems tell different stories, and both are evidently built on hints in the poems, not on independent information.According to the brief life in MS...
(fl. 1140s and 1150s) - Arnaut de MareuilArnaut de MareuilArnaut de Mareuil was a troubadour, composing lyric poetry in the Occitan language. Twenty-five, perhaps twenty-nine, of his songs, all cansos, survive, six with music....
(fl. late 12th c.)
- Bernart de Ventadorn
- GoliardGoliardThe Goliards were a group of clergy who wrote bibulous, satirical Latin poetry in the 12th and 13th centuries. They were mainly clerical students at the universities of France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and England who protested the growing contradictions within the Church, such as the failure of the...
poets, writing in Latin, flourish in European universities - Nigel de LongchampsNigel de LongchampsNigel de Longchamps, also known as Nigel Wireker, , was an English satirist and poet of the late twelfth century, writing in Latin...
, writing in Latin in England - John of Hauville, writing in Latin, probably in France
- Walter of ChâtillonWalter of ChatillonWalter of Châtillon was a 12th-century French writer and theologian who wrote in the Latin language. He studied under Stephen of Beauvais and at the University of Paris. It was probably during his student years that he wrote a number of Latin poems in the Goliardic manner that found their way...
, writing in Latin in France - Cynddelw Brydydd MawrCynddelw Brydydd MawrCynddelw Brydydd Mawr , in English also known as Kendall, was the court poet of Madog ap Maredudd, Owain Gwynedd , and Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, and one of the most prominent Welsh poets of the 12th century.Cynddelw began his career as court poet to Madog ap Maredudd, Prince of Powys...
, fl. in the last half of the century in Wales - Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor ShorJoseph ben Isaac Bekhor ShorJoseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor of Orleans was a French tosafist, exegete, and poet who flourished in the 2nd half of the 12th century.- Biography :...
, writing in Hebrew in France in the last half of the century
Arab world poets
- Ibn Sahl of SevillaIbn Sahl of SevillaIbn Sahl of Seville is considered one of the greatest Moorish poets of Andalusia of the 13th century. He was a Jewish convert to Islam....
(12121212 in poetry-Events:* Walther von der Vogelweide writes Der Ottenton* Bertran de Gourdon wrote two coblas on doing homage to Philip II of France* May 6 — the troubadour Ademar Jordan is captured in battle by Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester and never heard from again-Births:* Ibn Sahl of Seville...
–12511251 in poetry-Works published:* Fujiwara no Tameie, editor, Shokugosen Wakashū 続後撰和歌集 , an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry, finished three years after Retired Emperor Go-Saga ordered it in 1248; consists of 20 volumes containing 1,368 poems-Deaths:* Ibn Sahl of Seville , Arabic language Moorish poet...
) - Ibn al-FaridIbn al-FaridIbn al-Farid or Ibn Farid ;Arabic, عمر بن علي بن الفارض was an Arab poet. He was born in Cairo, lived for some time in Mecca and died in Cairo. His poetry is entirely Sufic, and he was esteemed the greatest mystic poet of the Arabs...
(1181–12351235 in poetry-Works:* Fujiwara no Teika, editor, Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, an anthology of 100 Japanese poems, each by a different poet; is compiled about this year; the popularity of the anthology has endured to the present day, and a Japanese card game, Uta-garuta, uses cards with the poems printed on it...
) - Muhyi al-din ibn al-'ArabiIbn ArabiIbn ʿArabī was an Andalusian Moorish Sufi mystic and philosopher. His full name was Abū 'Abdillāh Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn `Arabī .-Biography:...
, (died 12401240 in poetry-Events:*Peire Bremon Ricas Novas and Sordello attack each other in a string of sirventes-Births:* Tran Thanh Tong , Vietnamese poet and ruler* Yunus Emre , Turkish poet and Sufi mystic...
) - Ahmad al-TifashiAhmad al-TifashiAhmad al-Tifashi , born in Tiffech, a village near Souk Ahras in Algeria was an Arabic poet, writer, and anthologist.-Biography:...
(died 12531253 in poetry-Works published:*the troubadour Englés and an anonymous jongleur compose a tenso debating the merits of the court of Theobald I of Navarre-Births:* Amir Khusro , Sufi, writing in Persian and Hindustani-Deaths:...
) - Al-Shabb al-Zarif al-Tilimsani, (died 12891289 in poetry-Events:*Joan Esteve wrote Planhen ploran ab desplazer, a planh for Guilhem de Lodeva, the French admiral...
) - 'Ali ibn Muhammad al-Busiri (died 12961296 in poetry-Deaths:* Philippe de Rémi , French jurist, royal official and poet* Dnyaneshwar , Maharashtran saint, poet, philosopher and yogi...
)
Persian poets
- Adib SabirAdib SabirShihabuddin Sharaful-udaba Sabir, known as Adib Sabir, was a 12th century royal poet of Persia. Originating from Termedh, he was employed in the court of Sultan Sanjar....
ادیب صابر - Am'aqAm'aqShihabuddin Am'aq was a 12th century Persian poet.Originating from Bukhara, he was an imposing poet that carried the title amir al-shu'ara in the Khaqanid courts...
عمعق بخارائی - AnvariAnvariAnvari , full name Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani or Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mahmud was one of the greatest Persian poets....
انوری ابیوردی - Nasrullah Monshi
- Farid al-Din Attar, poet (about 1130-about 1220) فریدالدین عطار نیشاپوری
- Omar KhayyámOmar KhayyámOmar Khayyám was aPersian polymath: philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet. He also wrote treatises on mechanics, geography, mineralogy, music, climatology and theology....
, poet (1048-1131) عمر خیام - Nizami, poet (about 1140-about 1203) نظامی
- Nizami Aruzi
- SaadiSaadi (poet)Abū-Muḥammad Muṣliḥ al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Shīrāzī better known by his pen-name as Saʿdī or, simply, Saadi, was one of the major Persian poets of the medieval period. He is not only famous in Persian-speaking countries, but he has also been quoted in western sources...
, poet (1184-1283/1291?) سعدی - Sheikh RuzbehanSheikh RuzbehanAbu Muhammad Sheikh Ruzbehan Baqli was a poet, mystic, and sufi from Fasa.-Life:Ruzbihan Baqli was born in 1128 to a family of Daylami origin in the town of Fasa in Fars . Although Ruzbihan Baqli had religious visions at ages three, seven, and fifteen, he claims that his family was unfamiliar...
شیخ روزبهان - Abdul Qadir Jilaniعبدالقادر گیلانی
- Khaqani Shirvani خاقانی شروانی
- Sanaayiسنایی
- Zhende pil
- Muhammad AufiZahiriddin Nasr Muhammad AufiSadiduddin Muhammad Aufi was a Persian historian, scientist, and author.-Biography:Born in Bukhara, Aufi grew up during the apex of the Islamic Golden Age, and spent many years traveling, exploring, and lecturing to the common folk and the royalty alike in Delhi, Khorasan, Khwarizm, Samarkand,...
- Masudi Ghaznavi
- Jmaluddin Aburuh
- Falaki ShirvaniFalaki ShirvaniAbu Nizam Muhammad Falaki Shirvani was a Persian poet from Shirvan . His contemporary and rival was the famous Khaqani Shirvani.-References used:...
- Hassan GhaznaviHassan GhaznaviAshrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi known as Ashraf was a 12th century Persian poet.Originating from Ghazna now in Afghanistan, he served mostly under Yamin ud-Dawlah Bahram Shah of the Ghaznavid dynasty...
, poet - Ardeshir Ebadi
- Sanai GhaznaviSanaiHakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi was a Afghan Sufi poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Afghanistan between the 11th century and the 12th century. Some people spell his name as Sanayee. He died around 1131.-Life:...
, poet - Abulfadhl Meybodi
- Mu'izziMu'izziAmir Abdollah Muhammad Mu'izzi was an 11th century and 12th century poet of Persia. The was the poet laureate of Sanjar . Born in 1048 CE and originating from Nisa, he ranks as one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric qasideh....
- Ein-ul Quzzat Hamedani
- Mihani
- Shahmardan
- Ibn BalkhiIbn BalkhiIbn Balkhi was a 12th century historian of Persia, in the city of Balkh, in present day Afghanistan.He is known for his work the Fars Nama . Dehkhoda dictionary mentions him to be a contemporary of Muhammad I of Great Seljuk....
- Muzaffer Esfazari
- The author of Mejmal al-tawarikh wal-qesas
- Mohammed Ghanemi
- Qattan Marvzi
- Uthman MukhtariUthman MukhtariUthman Mukhtari was an 11th century and 12th century poet of Ghaznavids, an empire originating from Ghazna located in Afghanistan.Originating from Ghazna, he is thought to have written the Shahryar-nama, which describes the struggles of Muslims against Indian heathens during the Ghaznavid era.He...
- Ismail Jorjani
- MahsatiMahsatiMahsati Ganjavi , was a 12th century Persian poet. Mahsati is a compound of two Persian words "Maah" and "Sati" . The title appears in the works of Saadi, Nizami, Sanai, Rumi and Attar....
مهستی گنجوی, a woman poet from AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to... - Omar ibn Sahlan
- Rashid al-Din Muhammad al-Umari VatvatRashid al-Din Muhammad al-Umari VatvatRashid al-Din Muhammad Umar-i Vatvāt was a 12th century royal panegyrist and epistolographer of Persia. He was born in Balkh, ....
خولجه رشید الدین وطواط - Abulfotuh Razi
- Nizami Arudhi SamarqandiNizami Arudhi SamarqandiAhmad ibn Umar ibn Alī, known as Nizamī-i Arūzī-i Samarqandī and also Arudi , was a Persian poet and prose writer who flourished between 1110 and 1161 AD. He is particularly famous for his Chahar Maqala , his only work to fully survive.Born in Samarqand, Aruzi spent most of his time in Khorasan...
نظامی عروضی سمرقندی
Japanese works
Imperial poetry anthologies:- Kin'yō Wakashū 10 scrolls, 716 poems, ordered by former Emperor Shirakawa, drafts completed 1124–1127, compiled by Minamoto no ShunraiMinamoto no Shunraiwas an important and innovative Japanese poet, who compiled the Gosen Wakashū. He was the son of Minamoto no Tsunenobu ; holder of the second rank in court and of the position of Grand Counsellor). Shunrai was favored by Emperor Go-Sanjo and to a lesser degree Emperor Shirakawa; in no small part...
(ToshiyoriToshiyoriA toshiyori is a sumo elder of the Japan Sumo Association. Also known as oyakata, former wrestlers who reached a sufficiently high rank are the only people eligible...
) - Shika Wakashū 10 scrolls, 411 poems, ordered in 1144 by former Emperor SutokuEmperor Sutokuwas the 75th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Sutoku's reign spanned the years from 1123 through 1142.-Genealogy:Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name was Akihito ....
, completed c.1151–1154, compiled by Fujiwara Akisuke - Senzai Wakashū 20 scrolls, 1,285 poems, ordered by former Emperor Shirakawa, probably completed in 1188, compiled by Fujiwara no ShunzeiFujiwara no Shunzeiwas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman, son of Fujiwara no Toshitada. He was also known as Fujiwara no Toshinari or Shakua ; in his younger days , he gave his name as Akihiro , but in 1167, changed to Shunzei...
(also known as Toshinari)
Japanese poets
- Fujiwara no AkisueFujiwara no Akisuewas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman. He was active at the end of the Heian period, and the son of Fujiwara no Takatsune . He was also a member of the famous poetic and aristocratic clan, the Fujiwara....
藤原顕季 (1055–1123), late Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
poet and nobleman, member of the Fujiwara poetic and aristocratic clan - Fujiwara no Ietaka 藤原家隆 (1158–12371237 in poetry-Events:*Sordello composes the first sirventes-planh in order to mark the death of his patron Blacatz-Births:* Adam de la Halle , a French trouvère, poet and musician-Deaths:...
), early Kamakura periodKamakura periodThe is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo....
wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
poet; has several poems in the Shin Kokin Wakashū anthology; related by marriage to JakurenJakuren' was a Japanese Buddhist priest and poet. He was adopted by the noted poet Fujiwara no Shunzei upon the death of Shunzei's younger brother...
; pupil of Fujiwara no ShunzeiFujiwara no Shunzeiwas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman, son of Fujiwara no Toshitada. He was also known as Fujiwara no Toshinari or Shakua ; in his younger days , he gave his name as Akihiro , but in 1167, changed to Shunzei...
's - Fujiwara no ShunzeiFujiwara no Shunzeiwas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman, son of Fujiwara no Toshitada. He was also known as Fujiwara no Toshinari or Shakua ; in his younger days , he gave his name as Akihiro , but in 1167, changed to Shunzei...
藤原俊成, also known as "Fujiwara no Toshinari", "Shakua" 釈阿, "Akihiro" 顕広 (1114–12041204 in poetry-Events:*Cadenet wrote a sirventes criticising Raymond Roger Trencavel for his poor manners on a visit to Toulouse-Births:* Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi , Arabic poet in Minorca...
), poet and nobleman, noted for his innovations in the wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
poetic form and for compiling Senzai Wakashū ("Collection of a Thousand Years"), the seventh Imperial anthology of waka poetry,; father of Fujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no Teika , also known as Fujiwara no Sadaie or Sada-ie, was a Japanese poet, critic, calligrapher, novelist, anthologist, scribe, and scholar of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods...
; son of Fujiwara no Toshitada - Fujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no Teika , also known as Fujiwara no Sadaie or Sada-ie, was a Japanese poet, critic, calligrapher, novelist, anthologist, scribe, and scholar of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods...
藤原定家, also known as "Fujiwara no Sadaie" or "Sada-ie" (1162–12421241 in poetry-Events:*Peire Bremon Ricas Novas and Sordello attack each other in a string of sirventes-Deaths:* September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika 藤原定家, also known as "Fujiwara no Sadaie" or "Sada-ie" , a widely venerated, Japanese waka poet and extremely influential critic; also a scribe, scholar and...
), a widely venerated late Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
and early Kamakura periodKamakura periodThe is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo....
wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
poet and (for centuries) extremely influential critic; also a scribe, scholar and widely influential anthologist; the Tale of Matsura is generally attributed to him; son of Fujiwara no ShunzeiFujiwara no Shunzeiwas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman, son of Fujiwara no Toshitada. He was also known as Fujiwara no Toshinari or Shakua ; in his younger days , he gave his name as Akihiro , but in 1167, changed to Shunzei...
; associated with JakurenJakuren' was a Japanese Buddhist priest and poet. He was adopted by the noted poet Fujiwara no Shunzei upon the death of Shunzei's younger brother... - Fujiwara no TameieFujiwara no Tameiewas a Japanese poet and compiler of Imperial anthologies of poems.Tameie was the second son of poets Teika and Abutuni; and he was the central figure in a circle of Japanese poets after Jōkyū War in 1221. His three sons were Nijō Tameuji, Kyōgoku Tamenori and Reizei Tamesuke...
藤原為家 (1198–12751275 in poetry-Births:* Dnyaneshwar , Maharashtran saint, poet, philosopher and yogi* Manuel Philes , Byzantine* Robert Mannyng , English monk, writing in Middle English, French and Latin...
), the central figure in a circle of poets after the Jōkyū WarJokyu War', also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthrow....
in 1221; second son of poets TeikaFujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no Teika , also known as Fujiwara no Sadaie or Sada-ie, was a Japanese poet, critic, calligrapher, novelist, anthologist, scribe, and scholar of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods...
and Abutuni - Emperor Go-TobaEmperor Go-Tobawas the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198....
, 後鳥羽天皇, also known as 山科僧正 (1180–12391239 in poetry-Births:* Peter III of Aragon , an Occitan troubadour and King of Aragon-Deaths:* March 28 - Emperor Go-Toba , Japanese Emperor, calligrapher, painter, musician, poet, critic, and editor...
) - GyōiGyoi, son of Fujiwara no Motofusa, was a Japanese poet and Buddhist monk of the late Heian, early Kamakura periods. Also known as 山科僧正, he is a member of New Thirty-six Poetry Immortals....
行意 (1177–12171217 in poetry-Deaths:* Ibn Jubayr , geographer, traveler and poet from al-Andalus* Gyōi , Japanese poet and Buddhist monk-See also:*Poetry* List of years in poetry...
?), late HeianHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
, early Kamakura periodKamakura periodThe is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo....
poet and Bhuddist monk; one of the New Thirty-six Poetry Immortals; son of Fujiwara no MotofusaFujiwara no Motofusawas an imperial regent in the late 12th century, serving both Emperor Rokujō and Emperor Takakura. He was also called ', as he came from the village of Matsudono, near Kyoto... - JakurenJakuren' was a Japanese Buddhist priest and poet. He was adopted by the noted poet Fujiwara no Shunzei upon the death of Shunzei's younger brother...
寂蓮, also known as "Fujiwara no Sadanaga" 藤原定長 before becoming a monk (1139–12021202 in poetry-Deaths:* Alain de Lille , French theologian and poet, writing in Latin* Jakuren , Japanese Buddhist priest and poet...
), initially adopted by Fujiwara no ShunzeiFujiwara no Shunzeiwas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman, son of Fujiwara no Toshitada. He was also known as Fujiwara no Toshinari or Shakua ; in his younger days , he gave his name as Akihiro , but in 1167, changed to Shunzei...
, later stepped aside as Shunzei's heir and became a BuddhistBuddhismBuddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
priest; on the model of SaigyoSaigyowas a famous Japanese poet of the late Heian and early Kamakura period.-Biography:Born Satō Norikiyo in Kyoto to a noble family, he lived during the traumatic transition of power between the old court nobles and the new samurai warriors. After the start of the Age of Mappō , Buddhism was...
, traveled around the country, composing poems; frequently associated with Fujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no TeikaFujiwara no Teika , also known as Fujiwara no Sadaie or Sada-ie, was a Japanese poet, critic, calligrapher, novelist, anthologist, scribe, and scholar of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods...
; one of six compilers of the eighth imperial wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
anthology, Shin Kokin Wakashū, which contains 36 of his poems; adopted Fujiwara no Ietaka, a pupil of Shunzei's; has a poem in the Hyakunin IsshuHyakunin Isshuis a traditional anthology style of compiling Japanese waka poetry where each contributor writes one poem for the anthology. Literally, it translates to "one hundred people, one poem [each]"...
anthology - JienJienJien was a Japanese poet, historian, and Buddhist monk.-Biography:Jien was the son Fujiwara no Tadamichi, a member of the Fujiwara family of powerful aristocrats. He joined a Buddhist monastery of the Tendai sect early in his life, first taking the Buddhist name Dokaie, and later changing it to...
慈円 (1155–12251225 in poetry-Births:* Paio Gomes Charinho , poet and troubadour* Guan Hanqing , Chinese playwright and poet in the Yuan Dynasty* Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera , Hebrew poet in Al-Andalus-See also:* Poetry* List of years in poetry...
) poet, historian, and Buddhist monk - Jinzai KiyoshiJinzai Kiyoshiwas a Japanese novelist, translator and literary critic active during the Shōwa period of Japan.-Early life:Jinzai was born in Tokyo; his father was an official in the Home Ministry. As his father was frequently transferred, as a child Jinzai lived in many locations around Japan, the longest period...
神西清 (19031903 in poetryNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature .-Canada:* Bliss Carman, From the Green Book of Bards* E. Pauline Johnson, also known as "Tekahionwake", Canadian Born...
–19571957 in poetryNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature .-Events:* Howl obscenity trial in San Francisco brings significant attention to beat poetry, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg...
) Showa periodShowa periodThe , or Shōwa era, is the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of the Shōwa Emperor, Hirohito, from December 25, 1926 through January 7, 1989.The Shōwa period was longer than the reign of any previous Japanese emperor...
novelist, translator, literary critic, poet and playwright - Kamo no ChōmeiKamo no Chomeiwas a Japanese author, poet , and essayist. He witnessed a series of natural and social disasters, and, having lost his political backing, was passed over for promotion within the Shinto shrine associated with his family. He decided to turn his back on society, take Buddhist vows, and became a...
鴨長明 (1155–12161216 in poetry-Deaths:* Kamo no Chōmei , Japanese author, poet , and essayist* Shota Rustaveli , Georgian poet...
), author, wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
poet and essayist - Kamo no MabuchiKamo no Mabuchiwas a Japanese poet and philologist of the Edo period.Mabuchi conducted research into the spirit of ancient Japan through his studies of the Man'yōshū and other works of ancient literature...
賀茂真淵 (16971697 in poetryNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature .-Works:* John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, Familiar Letters: Written by the Right Honourable John late Earl of Rochester. And several other Persons of Honour and Quality, 2 volumes, London: Printed by W...
–17691769 in poetryNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature .-United Kingdom:* Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, The Siege of Jerusalem* Thomas Chatterton:...
), Edo periodEdo periodThe , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
poet and philologist - Minamoto no ShunraiMinamoto no Shunraiwas an important and innovative Japanese poet, who compiled the Gosen Wakashū. He was the son of Minamoto no Tsunenobu ; holder of the second rank in court and of the position of Grand Counsellor). Shunrai was favored by Emperor Go-Sanjo and to a lesser degree Emperor Shirakawa; in no small part...
, also "Minamoto Toshiyori", (c. 1057–1129) poet who compiled the Gosen Wakashū anthology; passed over to compile the Goshūi Wakashū, Shunrai's angry polemical, "Errors in the Goshūishū", apparently led Emperor ShirakawaEmperor Shirakawawas the 72nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Shirakawa's reign lasted from 1073 to 1087.-Genealogy:Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name was Sadahito-shinnō ....
to appoint him to compile the Kin'yō Wakashū imperial anthology, which was itself controversial - Minamoto no YorimasaMinamoto no Yorimasa' was a prominent Japanese poet whose works appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as hyōgo no kami...
源頼政 (1106–1180) poet, government official and warrior; his poems appeared in various anthologies - Saigyō Hōshi 西行法師 pen namePen nameA pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a pseudonym adopted by an author. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her...
of Satō Norikiyo 佐藤義清, who took the religious nameReligious NameA religious name is a type of given name bestowed for a religious purpose, and which is generally used in religious contexts. Different types of religious names may be in use among the clergy of a religion, as well in some cases among the laity....
En'i 円位 (1118–1190), late HeianHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
and early Kamakura periodKamakura periodThe is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo....
wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
poet who worked as a guard to retired Emperor TobaEmperor Tobawas the 74th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Toba's reign spanned the years from 1107 through 1123.- Genealogy :...
, then became a Bhuddist monk at age 22 - Princess Shikishi 式子内親王 (died 12011201 in poetry-Events:* Japanese former Emperor Go-Toba orders the preparation of Shin Kokin Wakashū the eighth Japanese imperial waka poetry anthology...
), late HeianHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
and early Kamakura periodKamakura periodThe is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo....
poet, never-married daughter of Emperor Go-ShirakawaEmperor Go-ShirakawaEmperor Go-Shirakawa was the 77th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
; entered service at the Kamo ShrineKamo Shrineis a general term for an important Shinto sanctuary complex on both banks of the Kamo River in northeast Kyoto. It is centered on two shrines. The two shrines, an upper and a lower, lie in a corner of the old capital which was known as the due to traditional geomancy beliefs that the north-east...
in Kyoto in 1159, later left the shrine, in later years a Buddhist nun; has 49 poems in the Shin Kokin Shū anthology - Shunzei's DaughterShunzei's DaughterFujiwara Toshinari no Musume , 1171? – 1252?, was a Japanese poet; she was probably the greatest female poet of her day, ranked with Princess Shikishi...
, popular name of Fujiwara Toshinari no Musume 藤原俊成女、, also 藤原俊成卿女、皇(太)后宮大夫俊成(卿)女, 越部禅尼 (c. 1171 – c. 12521252 in poetry-Works published:*Era, pueis yverns es e.l fil by Bonifaci VI de Castellana, an attack on clerics, Henry III of England, and James I of Aragon*Arnaut Catalan and Alfonso X of Castile compose a tenso in which the former uses Occitan and the latter Galician-Portuguese...
), called the greatest female poet of her day, ranked with Princess ShikishiShikishi NaishinnoPrincess Shikishi was a medieval Japanese poet, who lived during the late Heian and early Kamakura periods. She was the third daughter of Emperor Go-Shirakawa . In 1159, Shikishi, who did not marry, went into service at the Kamo Shrine in Kyoto...
; her grandfather was the poet Fujiwara no ShunzeiFujiwara no Shunzeiwas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman, son of Fujiwara no Toshitada. He was also known as Fujiwara no Toshinari or Shakua ; in his younger days , he gave his name as Akihiro , but in 1167, changed to Shunzei...
Poets
- Akka MahadeviAkka MahadeviAkka Mahadevi was a prominent figure of the Veerashaiva Bhakti movement of the 12th century Karnataka. Her Vachanas in Kannada, a form of didactic poetry are considered her greatest contribution to Kannada Bhakti literature. In all she wrote about 430 Vachanas which is relatively fewer than that...
, in KannadaKannada languageKannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world... - Allama PrabhuAllama PrabhuAllama Prabhu is a mystic-saint and Vachana poet of the Kannada language in the 12th century. Prabhu is the patron saint , the undisputed spiritual authority, and an integral part of the Lingayata movement that decisively shaped society in medieval Karnataka and...
, in KannadaKannada languageKannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world... - Nagavarma IINagavarma IINagavarma II was a Kannada language scholar and grammarian of the 11th or 12th century Western Chalukya court centred in Basavakalyan, modern Karnataka state, India. He was the earliest among the three most notable and authoritative grammarians of Old-Kannada language...
, in KannadaKannada languageKannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world... - RudrabhattaRudrabhattaRudrabhatta was an influential Kannada writer in the court of the Hoysala Empire whose patron was a minister of King Veera Ballala II in the late 12th century. His seminal work is Rasakalika which played an important role in the development of Indian aesthetics. It was the source for Vidyanatha in...
, in KannadaKannada languageKannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world... - Chand BardaiChand BardaiChand Bardai was the court poet of the Indian king Prithviraj III Chauhan, who ruled Ajmer and Delhi from 1165 to 1192. A native of Lahore, Chand Bardai composed the Prithviraj Raso, an epic poem in Hindi about the life of Prithviraj...
in Hindi - Fariduddin Ganjshakar in PunjabiPunjabi languagePunjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...