Etymology
From  , from 
Bildung, "
formation", from bildunge, from bildunga, from bilidon, "to shape", from bilodi, "form, shape", + 
Roman, 
novel, from , 
roman, "novel.  Hence "novel of education" or "novel of formation".
Noun
-  A novel tracing the spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the main character, usually from childhood to maturity.