Trần Hiến Tông
Encyclopedia
Trần Hiến Tông given name
Trần Vượng (陳旺), was the sixth emperor of the Trần Dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1329 to 1341. Enthroned by Minh Tông
when he was only a ten-year-old boy, Hiến Tông ruled Đại Việt with the regent of the Retired Emperor Minh Tông during his thirteen years of reign. The Emperor died at the age of 23 and leaving no heir, he was succeeded by his younger brother Trần Hạo
. The decease of Hiến Tông and his father afterward marked the turning-point in history
of Trần Dynasty when the country began to fall into the trouble times.
and his imperial consort Anh Tư. At that time, the birth of prince Trần Vượng ignited a fierce struggle in royal court between two parties, one supported prince Trần Vượng for the position of Minh Tông's successor, the other suggested that the crown prince
must be reserved for the Queen's son. This struggle eventually led to the death of the Queen's father Trần Quốc Chẩn who was also a prominent general with many victories in battle.
In 1329, Minh Tông decided to pass the throne to prince Trần Vượng, now emperor Hiến Tông, and took the position of Thái thượng hoàng. Trần Vượng was only ten at his coronation.
(1330), Trần Khắc Chung (1330), Đoàn Nhữ Hài (died in campaign against Laos
, 1335) and Trần Khánh Dư
(1339).
Continuing foreign policy created by Anh Tông
, Minh Tông and Hiến Tông kept a friendly relation with Yuan Dynasty
while reinforced southern and western border to deal with the increasing hostility from Laos
and kingdom of Champa
. But different than the former period, military campaigns during the reign of Hiến Tông often experienced failure, for example the 1335 campaign led by Minh Tông in person against Laotian force was finally defeated and Trần royal court lost an important figure, Đoàn Nhữ Hài, who was drown in action.
Hiến Tông died in 6 June of Lunar calendar
, 1341 at the age of only 23 and leaving no heir. Minh Tông therefore passed the throne to his tenth son, Trần Hạo
, now Dụ Tông. During his reign, Hiến Tông had one era name which was Khai Hựu (開佑, prosperity), other than his predecessors, the Emperor had no posthumous name
. Despite his natural endowments, the achievement of Hiến Tông during the reign was difficult to discuss because of the fact that his father still held the royal court in the position of retired emperor.
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese names generally consist of three parts: a family name, a middle name, and a given name, used in that order. The "family name first" order follows the system of Chinese names and is common throughout the Sinosphere , but is different from Chinese, Korean, and Japanese names in having a...
Trần Vượng (陳旺), was the sixth emperor of the Trần Dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1329 to 1341. Enthroned by Minh Tông
Trần Minh Tông
Trần Minh Tông , given name Trần Mạnh , was the fifth emperor of the Trần Dynasty who ruled Đại Việt from 1314 to 1329. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Hiến Tông, Minh Tông held the title of Thái thượng hoàng for 29 years...
when he was only a ten-year-old boy, Hiến Tông ruled Đại Việt with the regent of the Retired Emperor Minh Tông during his thirteen years of reign. The Emperor died at the age of 23 and leaving no heir, he was succeeded by his younger brother Trần Hạo
Trần Dụ Tông
Trần Dụ Tông , given name Trần Hạo , was the seventh emperor of the Trần Dynasty, and reigned over Đại Việt from 1341 to 1369...
. The decease of Hiến Tông and his father afterward marked the turning-point in history
History of Vietnam
The history of Vietnam covers a period of more than 2,700 years. By far Vietnam's most important historical international relationship has been with China. Vietnam's prehistory includes a legend about a kingdom known as Van Lang that included what is now China's Guangxi Autonomous Region and...
of Trần Dynasty when the country began to fall into the trouble times.
Background and during Minh Tông's reign
Hiến Tông was born in 1319 as Trần Vượng, the first son of Emperor Trần Minh TôngTrần Minh Tông
Trần Minh Tông , given name Trần Mạnh , was the fifth emperor of the Trần Dynasty who ruled Đại Việt from 1314 to 1329. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Hiến Tông, Minh Tông held the title of Thái thượng hoàng for 29 years...
and his imperial consort Anh Tư. At that time, the birth of prince Trần Vượng ignited a fierce struggle in royal court between two parties, one supported prince Trần Vượng for the position of Minh Tông's successor, the other suggested that the crown prince
Crown Prince
A crown prince or crown princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess....
must be reserved for the Queen's son. This struggle eventually led to the death of the Queen's father Trần Quốc Chẩn who was also a prominent general with many victories in battle.
In 1329, Minh Tông decided to pass the throne to prince Trần Vượng, now emperor Hiến Tông, and took the position of Thái thượng hoàng. Trần Vượng was only ten at his coronation.
As emperor
According to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Hiến Tông was known for his intelligence and righteousness. During the period that the Emperor and Retired Emperor co-ruled, Đại Việt people was able to witness the last period of real prosperity and peace in history of Trần Dynasty. Although still having a successful reign with the assistance of capable royal court, Hiến Tông had to face with the first signs of decline such as the deceases of many important and experienced mandarins like Trần Nhật DuậtTrần Nhật Duật
Prince Chiêu Văn Trần Nhật Duật was the sixth prince of Trần Thái Tông, first emperor of Trần Dynasty. Being younger brother of the Emperor Trần Thánh Tông, Trần Nhật Duật was one of the most important figures of Trần family and royal court during the reigns of four successive emperors Thánh Tông,...
(1330), Trần Khắc Chung (1330), Đoàn Nhữ Hài (died in campaign against Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
, 1335) and Trần Khánh Dư
Trần Khánh Dư
Prince Nhân Huệ Trần Khánh Dư was the adopted prince of the Retired Emperor Trần Thánh Tông and a general of Đại Việt army in royal court of four successive emperors of the Trần Dynasty: Thánh Tông, Nhân Tông, Anh Tông, and Minh Tông...
(1339).
Continuing foreign policy created by Anh Tông
Trần Anh Tông
Trần Anh Tông , given name Trần Thuyên , was the fourth emperor of the Trần Dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1293 to 1314. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Minh Tông, Anh Tông held the title Thái thượng hoàng for six years...
, Minh Tông and Hiến Tông kept a friendly relation with Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
while reinforced southern and western border to deal with the increasing hostility from Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
and kingdom of Champa
Champa
The kingdom of Champa was an Indianized kingdom that controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through to 1832.The Cham people are remnants...
. But different than the former period, military campaigns during the reign of Hiến Tông often experienced failure, for example the 1335 campaign led by Minh Tông in person against Laotian force was finally defeated and Trần royal court lost an important figure, Đoàn Nhữ Hài, who was drown in action.
Hiến Tông died in 6 June of Lunar calendar
Lunar calendar
A lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on cycles of the lunar phase. A common purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar or Hijri calendar. A feature of the Islamic calendar is that a year is always 12 months, so the months are not linked with the seasons and drift each solar year by 11 to...
, 1341 at the age of only 23 and leaving no heir. Minh Tông therefore passed the throne to his tenth son, Trần Hạo
Trần Dụ Tông
Trần Dụ Tông , given name Trần Hạo , was the seventh emperor of the Trần Dynasty, and reigned over Đại Việt from 1341 to 1369...
, now Dụ Tông. During his reign, Hiến Tông had one era name which was Khai Hựu (開佑, prosperity), other than his predecessors, the Emperor had no posthumous name
Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life...
. Despite his natural endowments, the achievement of Hiến Tông during the reign was difficult to discuss because of the fact that his father still held the royal court in the position of retired emperor.
Family
- Hiến Tông had one wife, imperial consort Hiển Trinh who was daughter of the Prince Huệ Túc Trần Đại Niên.