Quake Wars: Ray Traced
Encyclopedia
Quake Wars: Ray Traced is a research project from Intel Corporation
that applied a ray tracing renderer to the game content of Enemy Territory: Quake Wars
. The possibility of using ray tracing for this game in real-time has been demonstrated first on servers and after further progress later on workstations and last on an early prototype of the Larrabee hardware.
After Quake 3: Ray Traced and Quake 4: Ray Traced this is the third large project that embeds this technique in a modern game for research purposes of alternative rendering algorithms. As successor of this project Wolfenstein: Ray Traced
has been created in 2010.
Since 3D graphics hardware accelerators have become popular in regular desktop computers the rendering algorithm of commercial computer games has been limited to the rasterisation
technology that has certain advantages, but also limitations.
Intel Corporation
Intel Corporation is an American multinational semiconductor chip maker corporation headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United States and the world's largest semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most...
that applied a ray tracing renderer to the game content of Enemy Territory: Quake Wars
Enemy Territory: Quake Wars
Enemy Territory: Quake Wars is a first-person shooter video game, and is the follow-up to the 2005 title Quake 4. It is also the first game in the series to be rated T by the ESRB...
. The possibility of using ray tracing for this game in real-time has been demonstrated first on servers and after further progress later on workstations and last on an early prototype of the Larrabee hardware.
After Quake 3: Ray Traced and Quake 4: Ray Traced this is the third large project that embeds this technique in a modern game for research purposes of alternative rendering algorithms. As successor of this project Wolfenstein: Ray Traced
Wolfenstein: Ray Traced
Wolfenstein: Ray Traced is a research project from Intel Corporation that applied a ray tracing renderer to the game content of Wolfenstein .The possibility of using ray tracing for this game in real-time has been demonstrated...
has been created in 2010.
Since 3D graphics hardware accelerators have become popular in regular desktop computers the rendering algorithm of commercial computer games has been limited to the rasterisation
Rasterisation
Rasterisation is the task of taking an image described in a vector graphics format and converting it into a raster image for output on a video display or printer, or for storage in a bitmap file format....
technology that has certain advantages, but also limitations.
Improvements through using ray tracing
- Shadows: Besides the usual hard shadows that are easily generated by using a ray tracer this project also highlighted the benefits of getting plausible shadows through partial transparent objects. This has first been shown on a force field shader that changes transparency and color over time. The intensity of the shadows changes accordingly. Another example of this is a windmill model with blue sails that project colored shadows. As of 2009 no commercially released game has shown different intensity colored shadows from partial transparent objects.
- Water: Accurate, per pixel exact reflectionsReflection (physics)Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two differentmedia so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves...
and refractionRefractionRefraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. It is essentially a surface phenomenon . The phenomenon is mainly in governance to the law of conservation of energy. The proper explanation would be that due to change of medium, the phase velocity of the wave is changed...
s have been shown on a dynamic water surface with wave simulation surrounding an island. In a traditional rasterizer these effects are only possible in a less accurate manner through generating separate reflection texturesReflection mappingIn computer graphics, environment mapping, or reflection mapping, is an efficient Image-based lighting technique for approximating the appearance of a reflective surface by means of a precomputed texture image. The texture is used to store the image of the distant environment surrounding the...
and usually some distortion algorithm that simulates a refraction-like behavior.
- Under water: Through simulating correct reflections and refractions the player is able to see the total internal reflectionTotal internal reflectionTotal internal reflection is an optical phenomenon that happens when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is...
effect if he is under the water surface and looks up to the sky. As of 2009 no commercially released game has shown this special effect.
- Gameplay enhancing: The lens of the game's sniper rifle has been changed to show physically correct reflections of the environment behind the player. To achieve this in a traditional rasterized renderer another view would have been needed to be rendered, stored in a texture and projected back onto the lens. Enabling this effect in the ray tracer had only a 1% performance impact on the frame rate.
- Glass: To demonstrate the properties of a ray traced glass shader a dome has been shown consisting of a glass surface that correctly reflects the surrounding environment including all dynamic objects.
- Collision detection: Besides handling the graphical tasks the ray tracer has also been used to calculate collision detection.
- Portals: Multiple recursion of camera portals has been shown. This effect is already known from other games like Portal with a default recursion depth of 10. In comparison to that the ray traced implementation has been achieved through only one line of ray tracing shading language code and shows a recursion depth of up to 250.
- Massive dynamics: To prove that highly dynamic scenes can also be handled in a ray tracer, 500 player objects have been added to the scene and animated.
Performance
There cannot be an apple-to-apples performance comparison between the original and the ray traced version due to the additional special effects, but in general the frame rates on the original, rasterized version are several factors higher and usually over 100 frames per second on high-end graphics cards of 2009. The reported performance numbers in a resolution of 1280x720 of the ray traced version have been given for a variety of systems:- Caneland server system with four Tigerton quad-core CPUs, 2.93 GHz: 15 - 20 frame/s
- Caneland server system with four Dunnington hexa-core CPUs, 2.66 GHz: 20 - 35 frame/s
- Workstation system with two Nehalem quad-core CPUs, 3.2 GHz: 15 - 20 frame/s
- Graphics card Larrabee (early prototype): Exact numbers unknown.