Mogyoród
Encyclopedia
Location
The town is 18 km from BudapestBudapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
next to the M3 freeway
M3 motorway (Hungary)
The M3 is a Hungarian motorway connecting Budapest to Nyíregyháza. It will eventually connect Budapest to the Ukrainian border. Two other motorways branch off it, the M30 and the M35 . The M3 follows the route of route 3, and, later, route 4...
in the valley of the Gödöllői-hills. Its highest point is the Somlyó-mountain, (Gyertyános 326m) which can be seen from the freeway or the HÉV. Many people move here because of its proximity to Budapest while retaining the quiet of the country. It is the location every year for the Formula 1 Hungarian Grand Prix
Hungarian Grand Prix
The first Hungarian Grand Prix was held on June 21, 1936 over a track laid out in Népliget, a park in Budapest. The Mercedes-Benz, Auto Union, and Ferrari teams all sent three cars and the event drew a very large crowd...
.
Origin of the name
The name of the townTown
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
derives from the Hungarian word for hazelnut
Hazelnut
A hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and is also known as a cob nut or filbert nut according to species. A cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 mm long and 10–15 mm in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell. A filbert is more elongated, being about twice...
, and can be roughly translated as "rich in hazelnuts". Although today there are only a few hazelnut bushes, local tradition holds that the town's presbytery still holds the town's first.
The name of the town can be found in many documents as "Mogyoród" in the Western alphabet, in Turkish tax papers as "Magoród" and "Mogyorós", and in foreign ecclesiastical charters as "Monorond", "Mangerat", "Munerod", and "Mamorade".
Battle of Mogyoród
The most authentic paper of the battle is a charter from the Holy Roman Empire from the end of the year 1074, which didn't tell the place of the battle but contains that the Hungarian king, Salamon lost the battle. The next resource in time is from the 'Képes Krónika' (Chronicon PictumChronicon Pictum
The Chronicon Pictum Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the fourteenth century...
) which tell us details of the battle: (free translate by myself)
The only important place near to the battle was Zymgota (Cinkota), which is near to Monorod ("rich in hazelnuts") mountain on which the battle was fought. The only way to find the exact place to find the massgrave which was created by the fight, cause the writings from that time can't be used now because those aren't true for the lie of the land of these days (mostly cause of the location of the forests and the meadows).
Before the battle at Vác
Vác
Vác is a town in Pest county in Hungary with approximately 35,000 inhabitants. The archaic spellings of the name are Vacz and Vacs.-Location:...
Géza, royal prince of Hungary promised that if they won, he makes the Minster of the Miter of Vác in Honor of Mary be build. Ladislaus I of Hungary right before the fight – thanks to his visions – made a similar promise that a church to Saint Martin will be built at the place of the battle.
Before the fight Ladislaus I of Hungary and Géza, royal prince of Hungary
Géza, royal prince of Hungary
Géza was a Hungarian royal Prince, son of the King Géza II of Hungary. Prince Géza was brother of the King's Stephen III and Béla III of Hungary...
by the idea of Ladislaus – changed their insignias so they could mystified the enemy who already known that Ladislaus is better in strategy then Géza. The enemy made so big mistakes thanks to the change in the fight which gave the victory to the prince what made the long argument an end.
After the battle the church was built from the capture to honor Saint Martin.
Using the data of the Chronicum Pictum its obvious that the battle was in 14 March 1074. friday.
The building which was built was a church with a Monastery. From the Chronicum Pictum we know that the Monastery was only mentioned first with its abbot
Abbot
The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery...
in 1235 in a charter from the Pope. It's easy to locate the buildings today in Mogyoród.They should be somewhere near in the area of Klastromdomb, Templomhegy, or Kővár. These are the parts of the town today. But unfortunately the building operations of the 18th–19th century there cannot be seen any ruin. As the excavations prove us in the 11th–12th century there was a little church, then later they altered it into a bigger church using its basic.
Mongol and Tatar states in Mogyoród
1241. March: the Tatars mounted an offensive against the village and monastery, and continued until the DanubeDanube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
, where they attacked Vác. Because they could not cross the river, they used Vác as a base from which to attack areas to the east and north.
1242. February: the Tartars crossed the frozen Danube to mount several attacks upon Mogyoród.
It is not known how much damage the Tatars inflicted, but it is known that they took every animal and all produce, and killed about 50–60% of the population, as well as burning many buildings.
The XIV. century
In the first trierce of the 14th century the existence of the abbey of Mogyoród was in danger but thanks to the abbot ofGgaramszentbenedekand the bishop of Eger, between 1338–1342 it became alive again. The abbey became more and more important and about a 70 year of prosperty began: in 1366 it was the place of the chapter, and in the beginning of the 15th century the abbots followed orders of the Pope in big projects.
Things to see
- Catholic church (BaroqueBaroqueThe Baroque is a period and the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music...
, 1749, built on the ruin of the old monastery of the Order of Saint BenedictOrder of Saint BenedictThe Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict. Within the order, each individual community maintains its own autonomy, while the organization as a whole exists to represent their mutual interests...
) - KalvariaKalvariaKalvaria may refer to:* Góra Kalwaria, Poland* Kalwaria Pacławska, Poland* Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Poland- See also :* Kalvarija , the name of two locations in Lithuania and one in Serbia...
and the statue of John of NepomukJohn of NepomukJohn of Nepomuk is a national saint of the Czech Republic, who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of Wenceslaus, King of the Romans and King of Bohemia. Later accounts state that he was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia and refused to divulge the secrets of the confessional...
17th century) - HungaroringHungaroringThe Hungaroring is a racing circuit in Mogyoród, near Budapest, Hungary where the Formula One Hungarian Grand Prix is held. In 1986, it became the location of the first Formula One Grand Prix behind the Iron Curtain. Bernie Ecclestone wanted a race in the USSR, but a Hungarian friend of his...
- Pince sor (wineries in a street)
- Main square
- Aquaréna (aquapark)
- south from the town is Csörsz árok.