Manuel de Lardizábal y Uribe
Encyclopedia
Manuel Miguel de Lardizábal y Uribe (1744–1820) was a Mexican
Mexican people
Mexican people refers to all persons from Mexico, a multiethnic country in North America, and/or who identify with the Mexican cultural and/or national identity....

 penologist who was an academician of the Real Academia Española de la Lengua
Real Academia Española
The Royal Spanish Academy is the official royal institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, but is affiliated with national language academies in twenty-one other hispanophone nations through the Association of Spanish Language Academies...

 from 1775 to 1820. He seems to have been the successor to chair C of his father in law, Academician from 1746 to 1775 Francisco Antonio de Angulo.

King Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...

 tried in 1764 to bring back a law of 1734 by his father King Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...

 whereby even thieves operating in Madrid could be tried and executed even if there were no assassinations involved in the thieving. The royal council pointed out to him that either victims or witnesses would default collaboration with Justice by the general popular feeling that the punishment could be disproportionate with people robbing only money, jewels, etc. while saving the lives of the persons being robbed. The King was thus obliged to keep his ideas on public order to himself and/or educated listeners.

Further, lawyer Acevedo
Acevedo
Acevedo is a common Spanish surname and may refer to:* Aníbal Acevedo , Puerto Rican boxer* Fernando Acevedo , Peruvian track and field athlete* José Acevedo , Dominican baseball pitcher...

 published in 1770 a dissertation against torture, as being in conflict with Nature Rights and public decency within the Social Body. The awyer politician from Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...

 Manuel de Roda
Manuel de Roda
Manuel de Roda y Arrieta, , Former Ambassador in Rome under King Fernando VI of Spain, , King of Spain from 1746 until his death, and nominated by King Carlos III of Spain, , step brother of Fernando VI and formerly King of Naples and Sicily till the death of his brother...

 y Arrieta managed to get Charles III and his Royal Council deliberating around changes into the Penal Legislation, whereby capital punishment and/or extensive terms rotting in prisons could better be modified to convicts performing useful works needed by the public interest.

These moves, prior to 1776, where the king and his royal council echoed letters of intent dated 1776 through reflections on the significant works by Beccaria, brought about the publication in 1782 by Manuel de Lardizábal of his Discurso sobre las penas contrahido a las leyes criminales de España para facilitar su reforma. He cites Frenchman Montesquieu, Guillaume-François Le Trosne, with his Réflexions sur la réforme de la legislation universelle, the German Samuel von Pufendorf
Samuel von Pufendorf
Baron Samuel von Pufendorf was a German jurist, political philosopher, economist, statesman, and historian. His name was just Samuel Pufendorf until he was ennobled in 1684; he was made a Freiherr a few months before his death in 1694...

, the Dutch Hugo Grotius
Hugo Grotius
Hugo Grotius , also known as Huig de Groot, Hugo Grocio or Hugo de Groot, was a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law...

, the Italian Cesare Beccaria, and the reflections on the degradation applying torture of the Frenchman Joseph Michel Antoine Servan
Joseph Michel Antoine Servan
Joseph Michel Antoine Servan was a French publicist.He was born at Romans . After studying law he was appointed avocat-general at the parlement of Grenoble at the age of twenty-seven. In his Discours sur l'administration de la Justice Criminelle he made an eloquent protest against legal abuses...

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