Main Agency of Missiles and Artillery of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union
Encyclopedia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n (ex-Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
) Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the military services of Russia, established after the break-up of the Soviet Union. On 7 May 1992 Boris Yeltsin signed a decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Defence and placing all Soviet Armed Forces troops on the territory of the RSFSR...
, a vice-minister of defense.
In particular, the GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army munitions and equipment.
Arsenals of the GRAU, according to Kommersant
Kommersant
Kommersant is a commerce-oriented newspaper published in Russia. , the circulation was 131,000.- History :The newspaper was initially published in 1909, and it was closed down following the Bolshevik seizure of power and the introduction of censorship in 1917.In 1989, with the onset of press...
-Vlast in 2005, include the 60th at Kaluga
Kaluga
Kaluga is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Population: It is served by Grabtsevo Airport.-History:...
, the 55th at Rzhev
Rzhev
Rzhev is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, southwest of Staritsa and from Tver, on the highway and railway connecting Moscow and Riga. It is the uppermost town situated on the Volga River. Population:...
, the 75th at Serpukhov
Serpukhov
Serpukhov is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers. It is located south from Moscow on the Moscow—Simferopol highway. The Moscow—Tula railway passes through the town. Population: -History:...
south of Moscow, (all three in the Moscow Military District
Moscow Military District
The Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military District, the Northern Fleet and the Baltic Fleet to form the new Western Military District.-History:In the beginning of...
) and the 80th at Gagarskiy, the 116th at Krasno-Oktyabrskiy and the 5th, all in the Volga-Urals Military District
Volga-Urals Military District
The Volga-Ural Military District was a military district of the Russian Ground Forces, formed on 1 September 2001 by the amalgamation of the Volga Military District and the Ural Military District. The headquarters of the Ural Military District, located at Yekaterinburg became the new headquarters...
.
The current Chief of the GRAU is Colonel General Vladimir N. Zaritskiy.
GRAU indices
GRAU indices are of the formFor example: «2 S 19 Msta-S», the 2S19 Msta self-propelled howitzer.
Misconceptions
Several common misconceptions surround the scope and originating body of these indices. The GRAU designation is not an industrial designation, nor is it assigned by the design bureau. In addition to its GRAU designation, a given piece of equipment could have a design name, an industrial name and a service designation.For example, one of the surface-to-air missile
Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
s in the S-25 Berkut
SA-1 Guild
The S-25 Berkut is a surface-to-air guided missile, the first operational SAM system in the world. Its NATO reporting name is SA-1 Guild. It was used only to defend Moscow, while the more mobile S-75 would be used in almost all other roles...
air defense system had at least four domestic designations:
- design name: La-205
- industry name: Product 205
- GRAU index: 5V7
- service designation: V-300
Some Soviet general-purpose bomb
General-purpose bomb
A general-purpose bomb is an air-dropped bomb intended as a compromise between blast damage, penetration, and fragmentation in explosive effect.-Characteristics:...
s bore a designation that looked confusingly similar to GRAU.For example, the FAB-250sch entered service in 1944 with the designation 7-F-334, which was not assigned by GRAU.
Designation scheme
The first part of a GRAU index is a number indicating which of the several main categories of equipment a given item belongs to. The second part, a CyrillicCyrillic alphabet
The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
character, indicates the subcategory. The third part, a number, indicates the specific model. The optional suffix can be used to differentiate variants of the same model.
1 (Radio and electronics equipment)
- 1K: 1K1, the BuranShuttle BuranThe Buran spacecraft , GRAU index 11F35 K1 was a Russian orbital vehicle analogous in function and design to the US Space Shuttle and developed by Chief Designer Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy of Energia rocket corporation...
space shuttleSpace ShuttleThe Space Shuttle was a manned orbital rocket and spacecraft system operated by NASA on 135 missions from 1981 to 2011. The system combined rocket launch, orbital spacecraft, and re-entry spaceplane with modular add-ons... - 1L: 1L14, the IFFIdentification friend or foeIn telecommunications, identification, friend or foe is an identification system designed for command and control. It is a system that enables military and national interrogation systems to identify aircraft, vehicles, or forces as friendly and to determine their bearing and range from the...
detector for the 9K310 (Igla) air defense system - 1S: Radar (1S11, target detecting radarRadarRadar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
of 1S91 command and control vehicleVehicleA vehicle is a device that is designed or used to transport people or cargo. Most often vehicles are manufactured, such as bicycles, cars, motorcycles, trains, ships, boats, and aircraft....
of 2K12 Kub air defense system) - 1V: Artillery command vehicles (1V18/19 on BTR-60BTR-60The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers. It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and was seen first time in public in 1961...
chassis, 1V13/16 on MT-LBuMT-LBuThe MT-LBu is a Soviet multi-purpose fully amphibious armoured carrier which was developed under the factory index Ob'yekt 10 in the late 1960s, based on the MT-LB...
chassis)
2 (Artillery systems)
- 2A: Towed artillery systems (2A65 Msta-B152 mm howitzer 2A65The 2A65 "Msta-B" is a Soviet towed 152 mm howitzer. The "B" in the designation is an abbreviation for Buksiruemyi, or towed. This weapon has been fielded in Russian forces since at least 1987 and is currently in service with Russian front and army level artillery units...
) - 2B: Mortar Systems (2B9 Vasilek2B9 VasilekThe 2B9 Vasilek is an automatic 82 mm gun-mortar developed in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and subsequently fielded in the Soviet Army. Unlike conventional mortars, the 2B9 can fire in automatic mode using four-round clips, and rounds can be loaded from either the muzzle or the breech...
, 2B14 Podnos2B14 PodnosThe 2B14 Podnos is a Russian 82mm mortar. The 2B14 was designed in early 1980s as a light indirect fire weapon for the use of airborne and other light infantry forces. Despite the intent to field the 2B14 with light infantry units, the 2B14 appears to have been fielded with regular motor rifle...
) - 2K: Systems (2K11, Krug surface-to-air missile system; 2К12, Kub surface-to-air missile system, 2K22, Tunguska surface-to-air gun-missile system)
- 2S: Self-propelledSelf-propelled gunA self-propelled gun is form of self-propelled artillery, and in modern use is usually used to refer to artillery pieces such as howitzers....
artillery systems (2S1 Gvozdika, 2S19 Msta-S) - 2U: Training equipment
3 (Army and naval missiles)
- 3M: Various missiles (3M80 Moskit, 3M45 GranitP-700 GranitThe P-700 Granit is a Soviet and Russian naval anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M45, its NATO reporting name SS-N-19 Shipwreck...
)
4 (Naval missiles and army equipment (munitions, reactive armour, etc.))
- 4G: WarheadWarheadThe term warhead refers to the explosive material and detonator that is delivered by a missile, rocket, or torpedo.- Etymology :During the early development of naval torpedoes, they could be equipped with an inert payload that was intended for use during training, test firing and exercises. This...
s (4G15, the high explosive/HEATHeatIn physics and thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one body, region, or thermodynamic system to another due to thermal contact or thermal radiation when the systems are at different temperatures. It is often described as one of the fundamental processes of energy transfer between...
warhead for the P-15 TermitP-15 TermitThe P-15 Termit is an anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union's Raduga design bureau in the 1950s. Its GRAU designation was 4K40, its NATO reporting name was Styx or SS-N-2. In Russian service today it also seems to be called the Rubezh...
anti-ship missileAnti-ship missileAnti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
) - 4K: Naval missiles (4K10, the submarine-launched missileSubmarine-launched missileA submarine-launched missile is a guided missile fired from a submarine. Some SMs are placed in launch capsules to be fired through the submarine's torpedo tubes. These missiles are initially solid-propellant motor-driven, and once clear of the water ignite their booster motor...
R-27 (RSM-25)R-27 (missile)The R-27 Zyb was a submarine-launched ballistic missile developed by the Soviet Union and employed by the Soviet Navy from 1968 through 1988. NATO assigned the missile the reporting name SS-N-6 Serb. In the USSR, it was given the GRAU index 4K10...
for D-5 "Zyb" system; 4K40, P-15 TermitP-15 TermitThe P-15 Termit is an anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union's Raduga design bureau in the 1950s. Its GRAU designation was 4K40, its NATO reporting name was Styx or SS-N-2. In Russian service today it also seems to be called the Rubezh...
missile) - 4P: Launchers
- 4S: Launchers (4S95, the launcher of "Kinzhal/Klinok" (SA-15 Gauntlet) air defense complex)
5 (Air defense equipment)
- 5B: SAM warheads (5B18, the warhead for the S-125's V-601 missile)
- 5P: SAM launchers (5P75, the four-missile launcher for the S-125 air defense system)
- 5V: SAMSurface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
missiles (5V55, SAMSurface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
for S-300 air defense system) - 5Ae: ComputerComputerA computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem...
s (5Ae26, a specialized multi-CPUCentral processing unitThe central processing unit is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. The term has been in...
computer with a performance of 1.5 MIPS) - 5Ya: SAM's (5Ya23, a SAM for the S-75 air defense system)
- 5#
- 51T6 (SH-11/ABM-4 Gorgone), an exoatmospheric anti-ballistic missileAnti-ballistic missileAn anti-ballistic missile is a missile designed to counter ballistic missiles .A ballistic missile is used to deliver nuclear, chemical, biological or conventional warheads in a ballistic flight trajectory. The term "anti-ballistic missile" describes any antimissile system designed to counter...
interceptor for the A-135A-135 anti-ballistic missile systemThe A-135 or ABM-3 anti-ballistic missile system is a Russian military complex deployed around Moscow to counter enemy missiles targeting the city or its surrounding areas. It became operational during 1995...
air defense system - 53T6 (SH-08/ABM-3 Gazelle), an endoatmospheric interceptor for A-135 air defense system
6 (Firearms, air defense equipment)
- 6B: Body armor (6B1), helmetHelmetA helmet is a form of protective gear worn on the head to protect it from injuries.Ceremonial or symbolic helmets without protective function are sometimes used. The oldest known use of helmets was by Assyrian soldiers in 900BC, who wore thick leather or bronze helmets to protect the head from...
s (6B6) - 6V: FirearmFirearmA firearm is a weapon that launches one, or many, projectile at high velocity through confined burning of a propellant. This subsonic burning process is technically known as deflagration, as opposed to supersonic combustion known as a detonation. In older firearms, the propellant was typically...
s (6V1, the Dragunov sniper rifle) - 6G: Firearms (6G3, the RPG-7RPG-7The RPG-7 is a widely-produced, portable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher. Originally the RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union, and now manufactured by the Bazalt company...
man-portable, rocket-propelled grenade launcher; 6G17, the VOG-25 40 mm grenade cartridge) - 6Zh: Firearm equipment (6Zh1M, a 100-round magazine for the PKM machine gunPK machine gunThe PK is a 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and currently in production in Russia. The PK machine gun was introduced in the 1960s and replaced the SGM and RPD machine guns in Soviet service...
) - 6P: Firearms (6P1, the 7.62 mm AKMAK-47The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known as Avtomat Kalashnikova . It is also known as a Kalashnikov, an "AK", or in Russian slang, Kalash.Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year...
) - 6T: Firearm equipment (6T2, Samozhenkov's carriage for PKS machine gunPK machine gunThe PK is a 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and currently in production in Russia. The PK machine gun was introduced in the 1960s and replaced the SGM and RPD machine guns in Soviet service...
) - 6U: Firearm equipment (6U1, personnel carrier vehicle carriage for PKB/PKBM machine gun)
- 6Kh: Knives and bayonetBayonetA bayonet is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped weapon designed to fit in, on, over or underneath the muzzle of a rifle, musket or similar weapon, effectively turning the gun into a spear...
s (6Kh3, a sword-bayonet for the AKM) - 6Ts: SightsSight (device)A sight is a device used to assist aligning or aim weapons, surveying instruments, or other items by eye. Sights can be a simple set or system of markers that have to be aligned together as well as aligned with the target...
(6Ts1, the PSO-1 sight for the Dragunov sniper rifle) - 6Ch: Firearm equipment (6Ch12, the PBS-1 flash suppressorFlash suppressorA flash suppressor, also known as a flash guard, flash eliminator, flash hider, or flash cone, is a device attached to the muzzle of a rifle or other gun that reduces the visible signature of the burning gases that exit the muzzle. This reduces the chances that the shooter will be blinded in dark...
and silencerSuppressorA suppressor, sound suppressor, sound moderator, or silencer, is a device attached to or part of the barrel of a firearm which reduces the amount of noise and flash generated by firing the weapon....
) - 6Sh: Firearm equipment (6Sh5, an ammunition belt)
7 (Firearm munitions)
- 7B: Ammunition (7B33, the 7.62 x 54 mm R7.62 x 54 mm RThe 7.62×54mmR is a rimmed rifle cartridge developed by the Russian Empire and was introduced as a service cartridge in 1891. Originally designed for the bolt-action Mosin–Nagant rifle, it was used during the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present day...
armour-piercing/incendiary round) - 7G: Grenades (7G1, the RKG-3 handheld HEAT grenade)
- 7Z: Ammunition (7Z1, the 14.5 x 115 mm incendiary round)
- 7N: Ammunition (7N1, the 7.62 x 54 mm round for sniper rifles)
- 7P: Rocket-propelled grenades (7P1, a 40 mm RPG-7 round)
- 7S: Misc. ammunition (7S1, a signal false-fire of orange smoke)
- 7T: Ammunition (7T2, the 7.62 x 54 mm R tracer round)
- 7U: Ammunition (7U1, the 7.62x54mm low speed (subsonicSpeed of soundThe speed of sound is the distance travelled during a unit of time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. In dry air at , the speed of sound is . This is , or about one kilometer in three seconds or approximately one mile in five seconds....
) US cartridge) - 7Kh: Training ammunition (7Kh1, the 12.7 x 108 mm blank cartridge)
Exceptions
- 71Kh6: the US-KMO Prognoz-2 early warning system satellite
- 73N6 Baikal-1: an automated air defense command and control system
- 76N6: a low-altitude target detector radar
- 75E6 Parol-3: the IFF interrogator for the S-75M and S-125
8 (Army missiles and rocketry)
- 8A: Ballistic missileBallistic missileA ballistic missile is a missile that follows a sub-orbital ballistic flightpath with the objective of delivering one or more warheads to a predetermined target. The missile is only guided during the relatively brief initial powered phase of flight and its course is subsequently governed by the...
s - 8D: Rocket engineRocket engineA rocket engine, or simply "rocket", is a jet engineRocket Propulsion Elements; 7th edition- chapter 1 that uses only propellant mass for forming its high speed propulsive jet. Rocket engines are reaction engines and obtain thrust in accordance with Newton's third law...
s (mostly) - 8K: Missiles (8K51, 8K63 Dvina, 8K64R-16The R-16 was the first successful intercontinental ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union. In the West it was known by the NATO reporting name SS-7 Saddler, and within Russia, it carried the GRAU index 8K64.- Description :...
, 8K67, 8K71R-7 SemyorkaThe R-7 was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961, but was never deployed operationally. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from 1960 to 1968...
, 8K81UR-200The UR-200 was an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by OKB-52 of Vladimir Nikolaevich Chelomey in the Soviet Union. It was known during the Cold War by the NATO reporting name SS-10 Scrag and internally by the GRAU index 8K81...
, 8K84UR-100The UR-100 was an intercontinental ballistic missile developed and deployed by the Soviet Union from 1966 to 1996. УР in its designation stands for "универсальная ракета"...
) - 8P: Expendable launch systemExpendable launch systemAn expendable launch system is a launch system that uses an expendable launch vehicle to carry a payload into space. The vehicles used in expendable launch systems are designed to be used only once , and their components are not recovered for re-use after launch...
s - 8S: Missile propulsion stages
- 8F: Warheads
9 (Army missiles, UAVs)
- 9A: Launchers (9A52, the chassis of the Smerch MLRSMultiple rocket launcherA multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system. Like other rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers are less accurate and have a much lower rate of fire than batteries of traditional artillery guns...
) - 9K: Systems (9К33, Osa surface-to-air missileSurface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
system; 9К115-2, Metis-M anti-tank missile system; 9K310, the Igla air defense system) - 9F: Training and equipment systems (9F827 of the Smerch system)
- 9M: 9M62, T-92 UAV from aerial reconnaissance complex "Tipchak"; 9M133, Kornet9M133 KornetThe Kornet is a Russian anti-tank missile . It is a second generation ATGM intended to deal with main battle tanks and to engage slow and low flying helicopters, but is not intended to fully replace previous systems, due to the cost...
anti-tank guided missile - 9P: Launchers (9P140, the chassis of the Uragan MLRSMultiple rocket launcherA multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system. Like other rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers are less accurate and have a much lower rate of fire than batteries of traditional artillery guns...
) - 9S: 9S737, RanzhirRanzhir-MRanzhir-M 9С737М is a mobile command center for several types of Russian anti-aircraft weapons, such as Tor, Tungushka, Strela, and Igla. It uses the same chassis as Tor and Tunguska....
mobile command center - 9T: Transporter-loaders and re-supply vehicles (9T234 of the 9K58 Smerch system, 9T244 of the 9K331 Tor system)
10 (Equipment)
- 10P: SightSight (device)A sight is a device used to assist aligning or aim weapons, surveying instruments, or other items by eye. Sights can be a simple set or system of markers that have to be aligned together as well as aligned with the target...
s (10P19, the PGO-7V sight for RPG-7V grenade launcher) - 10R: RadiosReceiver (radio)A radio receiver converts signals from a radio antenna to a usable form. It uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio frequency signal from all other signals, the electronic amplifier increases the level suitable for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through...
(10R30 Karat-2, a radio transmitter)
11 (Rocketry and associated equipment)
- 11A: Rocketry (11A51, the Korolev N-1N1 rocketN-1 was a heavy lift rocket intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit, acting as the Soviet counterpart to the NASA Saturn V rocket. This heavy lift booster had the capability of lifting very heavy loads into orbit, designed with manned extra-orbital travel in mind...
heavy-lift launcher, 11A511, the Soyuz launcher) - 11B: Nuclear thermal rocket engines (11B91 (RD0410)RD-0410RD-0410 was a Soviet nuclear thermal rocket engine developed from 1965 through the 1980s using liquid hydrogen propellant...
; 11B9711B9711B97 was a Soviet nuclear electric rocket engine developed from 1978 through 1986. It was designed with enough propellent to work for 16,000 hours and the nuclear reactor would have been three years of life...
) - 11G: Equipment (11G12, a refuelling station)
- 11D: Rocket engines (11D43, the RD-253 liquid fuel rocket engine (1-st stage of "Proton" space launcherProton rocketProton is an expendable launch system used for both commercial and Russian government space launches. The first Proton rocket was launched in 1965 and the launch system is still in use as of 2011, which makes it one of the most successful heavy boosters in the history of spaceflight...
)) - 11K: Rocketry (11K25 Energia, a heavy-lift rocket for the "Buran" space shuttle)
- 11M: Onboard equipment (11M243, solar array actuators for the 11F624 Yantar-2K satellite)
- 11P: Ground equipment (11P825, the launch complex for the 11K25)
- 11S: Rocket stages (11S59, the 1st and 2nd stages ("unit A") of the Soyuz rocket)
- 11F: Satellites (11F67 Molniya-1, a telecom satellite; 11F35K1, the first production BuranShuttle BuranThe Buran spacecraft , GRAU index 11F35 K1 was a Russian orbital vehicle analogous in function and design to the US Space Shuttle and developed by Chief Designer Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy of Energia rocket corporation...
; 11F654 GLONASSGLONASSGLONASS , acronym for Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema or Global Navigation Satellite System, is a radio-based satellite navigation system operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces...
satellites)
14 (Rocketry and associated equipment)
- 14D: Rocket engines (14D30, the "Briz" booster's S5.98M liquid fuel engine)
- 14I: Ground equipment (14I02, the ground equipment for the "Briz" booster's 8P882 system)
- 14P: Ground equipment (14P72, the service system for the "Briz" booster)
- 14S: BoostersBooster rocketA booster rocket is either the first stage of a multi-stage launch vehicle, or else a strap-on rocket used to augment the core launch vehicle's takeoff thrust and payload capability. Boosters are generally necessary to launch spacecraft into Earth orbit or beyond...
(14S12, the "Briz" booster) - 14T: Ground equipment (14T81, the storage equipment for the "Briz" booster)
- 14F: Satellites (14F10, the IS-MU Naryad anti-satellite weaponAnti-satellite weaponAnti-satellite weapons are designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Currently, only the United States, the former Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China are known to have developed these weapons. On September 13, 1985, the United States destroyed US...
)
15 (Strategic Missile Forces equipment)
- 15A: Intercontinental ballistic missileIntercontinental ballistic missileAn intercontinental ballistic missile is a ballistic missile with a long range typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery...
s (15A14 and 15A18, the R-36M (SS-18 Satan) ICBM; 15A15, the UR-100MR (SS-17 Spanker) ICBM) - 15B: Warheads
- 15D: Rocket engines (mostly)
- 15Zh: ICBM's and tactical ballistic missileTactical ballistic missileA tactical ballistic missile is a ballistic missile designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, range is less than . Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of warheads to target enemy facilities, assembly...
s (15Zh45, the RT-21M Pioneer (SS-20 Saber) TBM) - 15N: Command and control vehicles
- 15P: Silo-based launchers (mostly)
- 15U: ICBM ground equipment
- 15F: Warheads
17 (Rocketry and associated equipment)
- 17D: Misc. rocket engines (17D58Ae, the stabilization and orientation engine of the "Briz-M" booster)
- 17K: Space-based systems (17K114, a space-based reconnaissance and targeting system)
- 17P: Ground equipment (17P31, the start system for 11K25)
- 17S: Rocket stages (17S40, Unit D of the Proton launcher)
- 17U: Ground equipment (17U551, the "Briz-M" booster testing system)
- 17F: Satellites (17F15 Raduga-1, a telecommunications satellite)
Further reading
- Lennox, Duncan (March 1993). "Russian Missile Designators". Jane's Intelligence ReviewJane's Intelligence ReviewJane's Intelligence Review is a monthly journal on military intelligence published by Jane's Information Group . Its coverage includes international security issues, ongoing conflicts, organized crime, and weapons proliferation....
, p. 120. - Zaloga, Steven (August 1994). "Russian Missile Designations". Jane's Intelligence ReviewJane's Intelligence ReviewJane's Intelligence Review is a monthly journal on military intelligence published by Jane's Information Group . Its coverage includes international security issues, ongoing conflicts, organized crime, and weapons proliferation....
, p. 342–349.