The Lwów–Warsaw School of Logic was headed by Kazimierz Twardowski

Kazimierz Twardowski

Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski was a Polish philosopher and logician.-Life:Twardowski's family belonged to the Ogończyk coat-of-arms.Twardowski studied philosophy in Vienna with Franz Brentano and Robert Zimmermann...

, who had been a student of Franz Brentano

Franz Brentano

Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Brentano was an influential German philosopher and psychologist whose influence was felt by other such luminaries as Sigmund Freud, Edmund Husserl, Kazimierz Twardowski and Alexius Meinong, who followed and adapted his views.-Life:Brentano was born at Marienberg am...

 and is regarded as the "father of Polish logic."

History

The Lwów–Warsaw School of Logic lay at the origin of Polish logic

Polish logic

Polish Logic is an anthology of papers by several authors, including Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, published in 1967 and covering the period 1920–1939...

 and was closely associated with the Warsaw School of Mathematics

Warsaw School of Mathematics

"Warsaw School of Mathematics" is the name given to a group of mathematicians who worked at Warsaw, Poland, in the two decades between the World Wars, especially in the fields of logic, set theory, point-set topology and real analysis. They published in the journal Fundamenta Mathematicae, founded...

. It began as a more general philosophical school but steadily moved toward logic. In the 1930s Alfred Tarski

Alfred Tarski

Alfred Tarski was a Polish logician and mathematician. Educated at the University of Warsaw and a member of the Lwow-Warsaw School of Logic and the Warsaw School of Mathematics and philosophy, he emigrated to the USA in 1939, and taught and carried out research in mathematics at the University of...

 initiated contacts with the Vienna Circle

Vienna Circle

The Vienna Circle was an association of philosophers gathered around the University of Vienna in 1922, chaired by Moritz Schlick, also known as the Ernst Mach Society in honour of Ernst Mach...

. In addition to Brentano, his pupils Anton Marty

Anton Marty

Anton Marty was a Swiss philosopher. He specialized in philosophy of language, psychology and ontology. The linguists in Prague School were influenced by his works.-Sources:...

, Alexius Meinong

Alexius Meinong

Alexius Meinong was an Austrian philosopher, a realist known for his unique ontology...

 and Edmund Husserl

Edmund Husserl

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a philosopher and mathematician and the founder of the 20th century philosophical school of phenomenology. He broke with the positivist orientation of the science and philosophy of his day, yet he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic...

 also considerably influenced Polish philosophy and the Lwów–Warsaw School.

Principal topics of interest to that school included formal ontology

Ontology

Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence or reality as such, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations...

, mereology

Mereology

In philosophy and mathematical logic, mereology treats parts and the wholes they form...

, and universal or categorial grammar

Categorial grammar

Categorial grammar is a term used for a family of formalisms in natural language syntax motivated by the principle of compositionality and organized according to the view that syntactic constituents should generally combine as functions or according to a function-argument relationship...

.

Notable members of the school included:

• Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
  Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
  Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz was a Polish philosopher and logician, a prominent figure in the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic. He originated many novel ideas in semiotics, including the "categorial grammar" used by many formal linguists...
  
  
• Tadeusz Czeżowski
  Tadeusz Czezowski
  Tadeusz Czeżowski was a Polish philosopher and logician.Czeżowski, born in Vienna, Austria, became a student of Kazimierz Twardowski and member of the Lwów-Warsaw School of Logic. From 1923 to 1939 he was a professor at Stefan Batory University in Wilno, Lithuania, and from 1945 to 1960 a...
  
  
• Tadeusz Kotarbiński
  Tadeusz Kotarbinski
  Tadeusz Kotarbiński , a pupil of Kazimierz Twardowski, was a Polish philosopher, logician, one of the most representative figures of the Lwów-Warsaw School, and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning as well as the Polish Academy of Sciences...
  
  
• Stanisław Jaśkowski
• Czesław Lejewski
• Stanisław Leśniewski
• Jan Łukasiewicz
• Alfred Tarski
  Alfred Tarski
  Alfred Tarski was a Polish logician and mathematician. Educated at the University of Warsaw and a member of the Lwow-Warsaw School of Logic and the Warsaw School of Mathematics and philosophy, he emigrated to the USA in 1939, and taught and carried out research in mathematics at the University of...
  
  
• Kazimierz Twardowski
  Kazimierz Twardowski
  Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski was a Polish philosopher and logician.-Life:Twardowski's family belonged to the Ogończyk coat-of-arms.Twardowski studied philosophy in Vienna with Franz Brentano and Robert Zimmermann...
  
  

See also

• School of Brentano
  School of Brentano
  The School of Brentano refers to the philosophers and psychologists who studied with Franz Brentano and were essentially influenced by him. While it was never a school in the traditional sense, Brentano tried to maintain some cohesion in the school...
  
  
• Lwów–Warsaw School
• Polish School of Mathematics
  Polish School of Mathematics
  The Polish School of Mathematics refers to the mathematics community that flourished in Poland in the 20th century, particularly during the Interbellum between World Wars I and II.- Overview :The Polish School of Mathematics subsumed:...
  
  
• History of philosophy in Poland

External links

• The Lvóv-Warsaw School, by Francesco Coniglione, in the Polish Philosophy Page
• Archives of the Lvov-Warsaw School, multi-institutional initiative to digitize and research the manuscripts of Twardowski and the school members