List of monarchs who lost their thrones or abdicated in the 20th century
Encyclopedia
The following monarch
s either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état
, by a referendum
which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century or 21st century. A list of surviving former monarchs appears at the end of the article.
See also: Abolished monarchy
, List of current monarchs
, and Tanzania
was formed)
See also List of living former sovereign monarchs
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
s either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
, by a referendum
Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century or 21st century. A list of surviving former monarchs appears at the end of the article.
See also: Abolished monarchy
Abolished monarchy
Throughout history, monarchies have been abolished, either through revolutions, legislative reforms, coups d'état, or wars. The twentieth century saw a major acceleration of this process, with many monarchies violently overthrown by revolution or war, or else abolished as part of the process of...
, List of current monarchs
Abuja
- Malam Awwal IbrahimAwwal IbrahimAlhaji Mohammed Awwal Ibrahim is a Nigerian traditional ruler who served as governor of Niger State from October 1979 to December 1983 during the Nigerian Second Republic...
, emir of AbujaAbujaAbuja is the capital city of Nigeria. It is located in the centre of Nigeria, within the Federal Capital Territory . Abuja is a planned city, and was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos...
(in NigeriaNigeriaNigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
), deposed or abdicated 1994, restored 2000.
Aceh Darussalam
- Sultan Kehalarat Deelat Nyang Meuha Meulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Berdaulat Zilulahil Filalam Alaudin Muhammad Daud Shah (His Majesty Sultan Muhammad Daud Shah) of AcehAcehAceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
(in IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
) surrendered to the NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
following the arrest of the Queen and Queen Mother in 1903.
Afghanistan
- King Amanullah Shah was overthrown in 1929.
- King Mohammed Zahir ShahMohammed Zahir ShahMohammed Zahir Shah was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning for four decades, from 1933 until he was ousted by a coup in 1973...
was deposed in coup in 1973.
Agaie
- Muhammad Nkochi Attahiru, emir of AgaieAgaie EmirateThe Agaie Emirate was a state created by Malam Baba, a Fulani warrior who conquered the Nupe people of the area in 1822.It was based around the present town of Agaie in Niger State, Nigeria, and was subject to the Sokoto Caliphate....
, deposed 1994, restored 2001.
Albania
- Prince William of Wied fled in 1914, following the outbreak of the First World War.
- King Zog of AlbaniaZog of AlbaniaZog I, Skanderbeg III of the Albanians , born Ahmet Muhtar Bey Zogolli, was King of the Albanians from 1928 to 1939. He was previously Prime Minister of Albania and President of Albania .-Background and early political career:...
(president turned monarch) was deposed by ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
under Mussolini in 1939. - King Victor Emmanuel IIIVictor Emmanuel III of ItalyVictor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
of Italy, also King of AlbaniaKing of AlbaniaWhile the medieval Angevin Kingdom of Albania was a monarchy, it did not encompass the entirety of the modern state of Albania. The latter has been a kingdom on two occasions. The first time was after it was declared independent in 1912...
, renounced his claim to the Albanian throne in 1943.
Anhalt
- Duke Joachim Ernst of AnhaltAnhaltAnhalt was a sovereign county in Germany, located between the Harz Mountains and the river Elbe in Middle Germany. It now forms part of the state of Saxony-Anhalt.- Dukes of Anhalt :...
(in GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
) abdicated at the end of World War I in 1918.
Austria-Hungary
- Emperor KarlKarl I of AustriaCharles I of Austria or Charles IV of Hungary was the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary, the last King of Bohemia and Croatia and the last King of Galicia and Lodomeria and the last monarch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine...
was deposed as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary in 1918.
Baden
- Grand Duke Frederick II abdicated in 1918.
Baroda
- Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Shrimant Maharaja Sir Pratapsinhrao Gaekwad, Sena Khas Khel Shamsher Bahadur, Maharaja of Baroda, deposed 1951.
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Bavaria
- King OttoOtto of BavariaOtto , was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. He was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and younger brother of Ludwig II...
was deposed in 1913 - King Ludwig IIILudwig III of BavariaLudwig III , was the last King of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 to 1918.-Early life:...
was deposed in 1918.
- King Léopold III of the BelgiansLeopold III of BelgiumLeopold III reigned as King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951, when he abdicated in favour of the Heir Apparent,...
was forced to abdicate in 1951 in favour of his son, Baudouin. - King Baudouin of the Belgians was declared unable to reign by the Belgian parliament on April 4, 1990, and restored the next day.
Bharatpur
- Maharaja Shri Brijendra Sawai Brijendra Singhji Bahadur Bahadur Jang, Maharaja of Bharatpur was deposed in 1971.
Bhopal
- Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal, abdicated in 1926.
Bohemia
- King Charles III (Emperor Charles I of Austria) was deposed in 1918.
Bone state
- La Pawowoni Karaeng Segeri Arumpone of Bone was deposed in 1905.
- Haji Andi La Mappanjuki Karaeng Silayar Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibnu Sultan Husain Arumpone of Bone abdicated 1946, was restored 1950, and reigned again until 1960.
- Andi Pabenteng Arumpone of Bone was deposed in 1950.
Brunswick
- Duke Ernest AugustusErnest Augustus III, Duke of BrunswickErnest Augustus III , reigning Duke of Brunswick , was a grandson of George V of Hanover, whom the Prussians deposed in 1866...
abdicated in 1918.
Bugabula
- William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope III, omukama of Bugabula, deposed by the Ugandan government in 1967, died 1973
Buganda
- Major-General H.H. Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa II KabakaKabakaKabaka may refer to:*Kabaka of Buganda, the title of the king of Buganda*Kabaka Puttur, a village in the state of Karnataka, India...
of Buganda was deposed by the abolition of the Ugandian kingdoms on September 8, 1967.
Buleleng
- Sri Ratu Anak Agung g Nyoman Panji Tisna RajaRajaRaja is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna...
of Buleleng abdicated 1947 and was reinstalled in 1950. - Sri Ratu Anak Agung Panji Sakti II RajaRajaRaja is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna...
of Buleleng abdicated in 1950.
- Tsar Ferdinand IFerdinand I of BulgariaFerdinand , born Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, was the ruler of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918, first as knyaz and later as tsar...
abdicated in 1918 in favour of his son, Tsar Boris IIIBoris III of BulgariaBoris III the Unifier, Tsar of Bulgaria , originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver , son of Ferdinand I, came to the throne in 1918 upon the abdication of his father, following the defeat of the Kingdom of Bulgaria during World War I...
, following World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. - Tsar Simeon IISimeon Saxe-Coburg-GothaSimeon Borisov of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Tsar Simeon II or Simeon II of Bulgaria is an important political and royal figure in Bulgaria...
never abdicated but was exiled by the Bulgarian government following a national referendum in 1946 after which Bulgaria became a People's Republic. After the fall of communismRevolutions of 1989The Revolutions of 1989 were the revolutions which overthrew the communist regimes in various Central and Eastern European countries.The events began in Poland in 1989, and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and...
in Bulgaria, he returned to the country in 1996, and was elected as Prime Minister in 2001, serving until 2005. He is the only monarch in recent history to become a democratically elected head of government.
- King Mwambutsa IV was deposed by his son Ntare VNtare VNtare V of Burundi was the king of Burundi from june to November 1966. Until his accession, he was known as Crown Prince Charles Ndizeye. He deposed his father, Mwambutsa IV in 1966...
in 1966. - King Ntare VNtare VNtare V of Burundi was the king of Burundi from june to November 1966. Until his accession, he was known as Crown Prince Charles Ndizeye. He deposed his father, Mwambutsa IV in 1966...
was deposed in 1966 in a military coup led by Michel MicomberoMichel MicomberoMichel Micombero was the first President of Burundi from November 28, 1966 to November 1, 1976. He was member of the Tutsi ethnicity....
.
Bukhara
- Emir Mohammed Alim KhanMohammed Alim KhanEmir Said Mir Mohammed Alim Khan was the last emir of the Manghit dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Bukhara in Central Asia...
was deposed in 1920 when his lands were taken over by Bolsheviks.
Busoga
- William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope III, Isebantu Kyabazinga of Busoga, deposed by the Ugandan Government in 1967.
- King Norodom SihanoukNorodom SihanoukNorodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
abdicated in 1955, then served in various important positions, including prime minister and head of state, intermittently until 1976, and was eventually restored to the kingship in 1993. - Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak was deposed in 1970 with the coup that ended the regime of Prince Norodom SihanoukNorodom SihanoukNorodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
. The monarchy was restored in 1993 with Sihanouk (who had previously reigned from 1941 to 1955) as King. - King Norodom SihanoukNorodom SihanoukNorodom Sihanouk regular script was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni...
abdicated in favour of his son on October 7, 2004.
Central African Empire
- Jean-Bédel BokassaJean-Bédel BokassaJean-Bédel Bokassa , a military officer, was the head of state of the Central African Republic and its successor state, the Central African Empire, from his coup d'état on 1 January 1966 until 20 September 1979...
I, Emperor of Central African Empire, deposed in 1979.
Champasak
- Bua Laphan Ratsadany, prince of Champasak 1900–1904, was deposed when the principality was abolished on November 22, 1904.
- Xuantong Emperor (PuyiPuyiPuyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
) was forced to abdicate in 1912 following a Republican revolutionXinhai RevolutionThe Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, also known as Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing , and established the Republic of China...
. - Yuan ShikaiYuan ShikaiYuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived...
(reigned as the self-proclaimed Hongxian Emperor) abdicated in 1916, a few months before his death, and lasting only 83 days on the throne.
Chisasibi
- Violet Pachanos, chief of Chisabibi 1989–1995, deposed or abdicated 1995, restored 1999, reigned until 2001.
Courland
- Duke-elect (and German Emperor) William IIWilliam II, German EmperorWilhelm II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. He was a grandson of the British Queen Victoria and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe...
was deposed following the end of World War I in 1918.
Croatia
- Designated king Tomislav II (Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Spoleto), reigned the Independent State of CroatiaIndependent State of CroatiaThe Independent State of Croatia was a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany, established on a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. The NDH was founded on 10 April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. All of Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed to NDH, together with some parts...
, abdicated in 1943, after the capitulation of Italy in WWII.
Cochin
- Sir Sri Rama VarmaSir Sri Rama VarmaSir Sri Rama Varma XV GCSI GCIE popularly known as The Rajarshi Of Cochin and as Abdicated Highness, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Cochin from 1895 to 1914.- Reign :...
(1895–1914): He was rewarded with K.C.S.I, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E.Order of the Indian EmpireThe Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:#Knight Grand Commander #Knight Commander #Companion...
It was during his reign that the railway line from Shornur was extended to Cochin. There are many versions for his abdication. He resigned in 1914. One of the very talked about version is that he had differences with British Empire because of his proximity with Germans. There is also another version in his biography which says he resigned due to ill-health. He died in January 1932 (1107 Makaram 16th). He is known as Ozinja Vallia Thampuran (Abdicated Highness, aka Rajarshi).
Dewas
- Kshatriya Kulavatana Sena Sapta Sahasri Senapati Pratinidhi, Meherban Shrimant Maharaja Sir Vikramsinhrao Tukojirao (Nana Sahib) Puar, Maharaja of Dewas, abdicated in 1947.
Egypt
- King FaroukFarouk of EgyptFarouk I of Egypt , was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936....
abdicated in 1952 in favor of his infant son Fuad IIFuad II of EgyptFuad II was the last King of Egypt and Sudan.- Biography :He ascended the throne on 26 July 1952 upon the abdication of his father King Farouk I following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952...
, who was deposed the next year when Egypt became a republic. (Farouk died 1965; Fuad is still living .)
Ethiopia
- While never formally crowned Emperor, the future Iyasu V was deposed in 1916 for suspected conversion to the Muslim faith.
- Emperor Haile Selassie I was deposed following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, and restored in 1941. He was deposed again during the communist revolution in 1975.
- King Victor Emmanuel IIIVictor Emmanuel III of ItalyVictor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
of Italy, also Emperor of EthiopiaEmperor of EthiopiaThe Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
, renounced his claim to the Ethiopian throne in 1943. - Emperor Amha Selassie IAmha Selassie of EthiopiaAmha Selassie, GCMG, GCVO, GBE was the last Emperor of Ethiopia. First proclaimed Emperor during the unsuccessful coup attempt by the Imperial Guards against his father Haile Selassie I in December 1960, he initially went along with this proclamation under duress. The coup collapsed within days...
, briefly emperor 1974–1975, was deposed by the abolition of the monarchy.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be Queen following the 1987 coup in which it was declared a republic.
Finland
- Grand Prince Nicholas IINicholas II of RussiaNicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Prince of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until...
(Emperor of Russia and King of Poland) abdicated March 1917. The Russian Provisional Government continued to exercise grand princely authority for its brief existence. - At the end of World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, the king-elect, Prince Frederick Charles of HessePrince Frederick Charles of HesseFrederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse , Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel in German, was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor William II and the elected King of Finland from 9 October to 14 December 1918.-Early life:Frederick was...
, was offered but did not accede to the throne as King of Finland.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1970.
German Empire
- Emperor William IIWilliam II, German EmperorWilhelm II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. He was a grandson of the British Queen Victoria and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe...
abdicated and fled to the NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
following Germany's defeat in World War I in 1918.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1960.
Gojjam
- NegusEthiopian aristocratic and court titlesUntil the end of the monarchy in 1974, there were two categories of nobility in Ethiopia: the Mesafint or princes, hereditary nobles, formed the upper echelon of the ruling class; while the Mekwanint were the appointed nobles, often of humble birth, who formed the bulk of the nobility...
Tekle Haymanot TessemaTekle Haymanot of GojjamTekle Haymanot Tessemma, also Adal Tessemma, Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and Tekle Haimanot of Gojjam, was an army commander and a member of the nobility of the Ethiopian Empire.- Biography :...
of Gojjam, died in 1901 and his kingdom was divided and incorporated into the Empire of Ethiopia.
Gowa
- Andi Ijo Daeng Mattawang Karaeng Lalolang Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad 'Abdu'l Kadir Aid ud-din ibnu Sultan Muhammad Tahir Muhib ud-din, Sultan of Gowa, was deposed by the Indonesian republic in 1960.
Greece
- King Constantine IConstantine I of GreeceConstantine I was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and led the Greek forces during the successful Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, in which Greece won Thessaloniki and doubled in...
was deposed in 1917; succeeded by his second-born son, Alexander; returned to the throne in 1920, after Alexander's death. - King Constantine IConstantine I of GreeceConstantine I was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and led the Greek forces during the successful Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, in which Greece won Thessaloniki and doubled in...
abdicated in 1922 in favour of his first-born son, GeorgeGeorge II of GreeceGeorge II reigned as King of Greece from 1922 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1947.-Early life, first period of kingship and exile:George was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of King Constantine I of Greece and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia...
. - King George IIGeorge II of GreeceGeorge II reigned as King of Greece from 1922 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1947.-Early life, first period of kingship and exile:George was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of King Constantine I of Greece and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia...
went into exile in 1923 and was deposed in 1924 by a referendum abolishing monarchy; returned to the throne in 1935; exiled in 1941, as the AxisAxis PowersThe Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
forces overran Greece; returned in 1946 after a favorable referendum. - King Constantine IIConstantine II of Greece|align=right|Constantine II was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1973, the sixth and last monarch of the Greek Royal Family....
was exiled in 1967 and was deposed by a referendum abolishing monarchy in 1973 (both events under dictatorial rule); referendum repeated in 1974, during democratic rule, and the monarchy was abolished.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1970.
Hesse and by Rhine
- Grand Duke Ernest LouisErnest Louis, Grand Duke of HesseErnest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918...
was deposed in 1918.
Hungary
- King Charles IV (Emperor Charles I of Austria) lost his throne when a republic was established in 1918. Following the restoration of the Hungarian monarchy in 1920, he was refused permission to assume residency and constitutional functions in the Kingdom by the Regent of Hungary. Charles died in exile in 1922. His son Otto succeeded him in his claims but, like his father, was not allowed to enter the Kingdom or assume constitutional functions, and was not recognized as king. Hungary was proclaimed a republic by the National Assembly on 1 Feb. 1946.
Hyderabad
- Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII was deposed in 1948 when IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
invaded and annexed his country.
Iceland
- King Christian X of DenmarkChristian X of DenmarkChristian X was King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947 and the only King of Iceland between 1918 and 1944....
ceased to be king in 1944, when the country became a republic on the 17th of June.
India
- King George VI of the United KingdomGeorge VI of the United KingdomGeorge VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death...
, ceased to be Emperor in 1947, when the country gained its independence. Indian Princely States: All the several hundred princely states (with a few exceptions) were abolished upon India's independence in 1947. (See List of Indian Princely States)
Iran
- Shah Ahmad Shah QajarAhmad Shah QajarAhmad Shah Qajar was Shah of Iran from July 16, 1909, to October 31, 1925 and the last of the Qajar dynasty.- Reign :...
deposed by Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1921 - Shah Reza Pahlavi abdicated in 1941.
- Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was deposed by revolution in 1979.
- King George VIGeorge VI of the United KingdomGeorge VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death...
ceased to be King of Ireland when the country became a republic in 1949.
Italy
- King Victor Emmanuel IIIVictor Emmanuel III of ItalyVictor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
abdicated in 1946. - King Umberto II of Italy was deposed by a referendum abolishing the monarchy in 1946.
Jimma
- The last King of Jimma, Abba Jifar IIAbba Jifar IIMoti Abba Jifar II was King of the Gibe Kingdom of Jimma .-Reign:Abba Jifar II was the son of Abba Gomol and Queen Gumiti...
, died and, on 12 May 1932, the Kingdom of JimmaKingdom of JimmaThe Kingdom of Jimma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century. It shared its western border with Limmu-Ennarea, its eastern border with the Sidamo kingdom of Janjero, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. Jimma...
was incorporated into the Empire of Ethiopia.
- King Talal ITalal of JordanTalal I bin Abdullah 26 February 1909 – 7 July 1972) was the second King of Jordan from 20 July 1951 until forced to abdicate in favour of his son Hussein due to health reasons on 11 August 1952....
ruled from July 20, 1951 upon the assassination of his father, Abdullah I of JordanAbdullah I of JordanAbdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan [‘Abd Allāh ibn al-Husayn] عبد الله الأول بن الحسين born in Mecca, Second Saudi State, was the second of three sons of Sherif Hussein bin Ali, Sharif and Emir of Mecca and his first wife Abdiyya bint Abdullah...
until August 11, 1952. He was forced to abdicate due to schizophrenia and was succeeded by his son, Hussein I.
Karangasem
- Sri Paduka Ratu Anak Agung Gusti Gedé Jelantik, RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
and StedehouderStadtholderA Stadtholder A Stadtholder A Stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder [], "steward" or "lieutenant", literally place holder, holding someones place, possibly a calque of German Statthalter, French lieutenant, or Middle Latin locum tenens...
of Karangasem, abdicated in 1908. - Sri Paduka Ratu Anak Agung Agung Anglurah Ketut Karangasem, RajaRajaRaja is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna...
of the State of Karangasem, abdicated in 1950. - Sri Paduka Ratu Anak Agung Agung Ngurah Ketut Karangasem, Raja of the State of Karangasem, reigned briefly in 1950. Karangasem was annexed by Indonesia in 1950 but he continued to reign as a nominal Raja till his death in 1991.
Kenya
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1963.
Kokang
- Yang Guo Zhen Hkun Lu Kwan, HengHengHeng is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from h combined with something similar to eng.It was used word-finally in early transcriptions of Mayan languages, where it may have represented an uvular fricative.It is sometimes used to write Judeo-Tat....
of Kokang—1919 - Sao Edward Yang Kyein TsaiSao Edward Yang Kyein TsaiSao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai , Saopha of Kokang was the traditional ruler of the Burmese state of Kokang from 1949, at the death of his father, saopha Sao Yang Wen Pin, until he abdicated in 1959.-External links:*...
, SaophaSaophaSaopha, Chaofa, or Sawbwa was a royal title used by the rulers of the Shan States of Myanmar . The word means "king" in the Shan and Tai languages...
of Kokang, deposed by Burma, 1959.
Korea
- Emperor SunjongSunjong of KoreaSunjong, the Yunghui Emperor was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire in Korea, ruling from 1907 until 1910.He was the fourth son of Emperor Gwangmu. Crown Prince Yi Cheok was made Emperor Yung-hui when the Japanese forced the abdication of Emperor Gwangmu and his reign ended...
abdicated in 1910 by the Japan-Korea Annexation TreatyJapan-Korea Annexation TreatyThe Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, was made by representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1910. Negotiations were concluded on August 20, 1910...
.
Kubu
- Sharif 'Abbas ibni al-Marhum Sharif Hasan 'Ali al-Idrus, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Kubu, was deposed in 1911.
- Sharif Muhammad Zainal Idrus ibni al-Marhum Sharif Ismail al-Idrus, Tuan Besar of Kubu, abdicated in 1921.
- Sharif Salih ibni al-Marhum Idrus al-Idrus, Tuan Besar of Kubu, was deposed by the Japanese in 1943.
- Sharif Hasan ibni al-Marhum Sharif Muhammad Zainal Idrus al-Idrus, Tuan Besar of Kubu, was deposed by the Indonesian
- Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-SabahJaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-SabahJaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB , GCMG of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait, serving from December 31, 1977 until his death on January 15, 2006...
, emir of Kuwait. He was deposed on August 2, 1990, when IraqIraqIraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
occupied KuwaitKuwaitThe State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
. He returned to KuwaitKuwaitThe State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
as emir on March 14, 1991.
Kupang
- Raja Don Ote Nicolaas Isu Nisnoni, Raja of Kupang, abdicated in 1945.
- Raja Don Obe Alfonsus Nisnoni, Raja of Kupang, was deposed by the Indonesian republic in 1960.
Kutai
- Sri Paduka Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikesit al-Adil Khalifat ul-Muminin, SultanSultanSultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
of KutaiKutaiKutai is the traditional name of a historic region in East Kalimantan in Indonesia on Borneo, a Dayak people of the region with a language of the same name and their historic states. Today the name is preserved in the names of three regencies in East Kalimantan, the Kutai Kartanegara Regency, the...
Karta Negara, was deposed by the Indonesian government in 1960.
Lamjung and Kaski
- [Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, ], Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski 1932–1945, abdicated on November 29, 1945.
- Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski 1945–1948, abdicated in 1948.
- Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Mohan Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski 1948–1951, was deprived of all the hereditary offices and privileges conferred on Jung Bahadur in 1857 on February 18, 1951.
Lesotho
- King Moshoeshoe II was deposed in 1990 and reinstated in 1995.
- King Letsie III took the throne upon his father's, Moshoeshoe II, deposition in 1990. He later abdicated the throne in favor of his father (1995), and then reclaimed the throne on his father's death in 1996.
Libya
- King Idris IIdris I of LibyaIdris, GBE , , was the first and only king of Libya, reigning from 1951 to 1969, and the Chief of the Senussi Muslim order.- Early life :...
was deposed in a coup led by Muammar GaddafiMuammar GaddafiMuammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi or "September 1942" 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.He seized power in a...
on 1 September 1969 a day before his abdication was due to take effect.
Lingga
- Paduka Sri Sultan 'Abdu'l-Rahman II Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Muhammad Yusuf al-Mahdi, SultanSultanSultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
and Yang di-Pertuan BesarYang di-Pertuan BesarIn Malay, Yang di-Pertuan Besar, literally "He Who Is Made Great" or "Great Ruler", is a royal title.-In Malaysia:# Also known as Yamtuan Besar, it is the title of the elected monarch of the state of Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia...
of Lingga, Riau, was deposed in absentia in 1911.
Lithuania
- The German puppet King Mindaugas II of LithuaniaMindaugas II of LithuaniaPrince Wilhelm of Urach, Count of Württemberg, 2nd Duke of Urach was a German prince who was elected King of Lithuania with the regnal name Mindaugas II on 11 July 1918...
(William, Duke of Urach, Count of Württemberg) was deposed following the end of the First World War in 1918.
- Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde was forced to abdicate in 1919 due to political issues.
- Her sister and successor Grand Duchess Charlotte also abdicated, in 1964.
- Charlotte's son and successor Grand Duke Jean abdicated in favour of his son Henri in 2000.
Voivodship of Macedonia
- Voivode Julius I was deposed in 1943, after German occupation.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1966.
Maldives
- Sultan Muhammad Farid Didi was deposed in 1968, same year MaldivesMaldivesThe Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
became a republic.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1974.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
of the country following a 1992 referendum.
Mecca
- Sherif Hussein ibn Ali, was the Sherif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917. He was deposed by Ibn Saud in 1924.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV was deposed in 1918.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- The last Grand Duke, Adolf Friedrich VIAdolf Friedrich VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-StrelitzAdolphus Frederick VI was the last grand duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.-Early life:Adolphus Frederick George Ernest Albert Edward of Mecklenburg was born in Neustrelitz the third child and eldest son of the then Hereditary Grand Duke Adolphus Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and his wife Princess...
, committed suicide in February 1918. From then until the abolition of the monarchy in 1918, the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin acted as regent.
Mohammerah
- Shaikh Khaz'al Khan ibn Haji Jabir Khan Sardar-i-Aqdas, Shaikh of Mohammerah 1897-1924. Deposed 1924 by Reza Shah, died 1936.
Montenegro
- King Nicholas was deposed after the First World War, when Montenegro became part of Yugoslavia.
- Queen WilhelminaWilhelmina of the NetherlandsWilhelmina was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948. She ruled the Netherlands for fifty-eight years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I and World War II, the economic crisis of 1933, and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial...
abdicated the throne in favour of her daughter JulianaJuliana of the NetherlandsJuliana was the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1948 and 1980. She was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry...
in 1948. - Queen JulianaJuliana of the NetherlandsJuliana was the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1948 and 1980. She was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry...
abdicated in favour of her daughter BeatrixBeatrix of the NetherlandsBeatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
in 1980.
- King Gyanendra lost his throne after the government decided to form a republic, hence dissolving the monarchy in 2008.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1963.
- King Oscar IIOscar II of SwedenOscar II , baptised Oscar Fredrik was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.-Early life:At his birth in Stockholm, Oscar...
was replaced in 1905, ending the Swedish-Norwegian personal union.
- Sultan Said Bin Taimur of Muscat, was deposed in 1970 by his own son Qaboos of OmanQaboos of OmanQaboos bin Said Al Said is the Sultan of Oman and its Dependencies. He rose to power after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur, in a palace coup in 1970. He is the 14th-generation descendant of the founder of the Al Bu Sa'idi dynasty.-Early life:...
.
Oldenburg
- Grand Duke Frederick Augustus was deposed in 1918.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
of the country when it became a republic in 1956.
Pindus and Macedonia
- Prince Alchibiades I abdicated in 1942.
- Regent Nicholas I abdicated in 1942/43.
- Voivode Julius I was deposed in 1943 by Germany.
- The portion of Poland formerly ruled by Russia was occupied by Germany and Austria in 1915 and proclaimed an independent kingdom in 1916. Archduke Charles Stephen of AustriaArchduke Charles Stephen of AustriaArchduke Charles Stephen of Austria was a member of the House of Habsburg and a Grand Admiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy.-Family:Charles Stephen was born in Židlochovice the son of Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria and of his wife Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria...
was named King-elect, but the nation was declared a republic without ever actually having had a King in the 20th century.
- King Manuel IIManuel II of PortugalManuel II , named Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Bragança Orleães Sabóia e Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha — , was the last King of Portugal from 1908 to 1910, ascending the throne after the assassination of his father and elder brother Manuel...
fled following a revolution in 1910. Portugal became a Republic.
Prussia
- King William IIWilliam II, German EmperorWilhelm II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. He was a grandson of the British Queen Victoria and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe...
(also German Emperor) was overthrown from the Prussian and German thrones after World War I.
- Shaikh 'Abdu'llah bin Jasim Al-Thani, Ruler of Qatar, abdicated in 1949.
- Sheikh Ahmad ibn `Ali Al ThaniAhmad ibn `Ali Al ThaniSheikh Ahmad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani, was the Emir of the State of Qatar through the final years of dependency, presiding over its independence from Britain in 1971. He was born at Doha in 1917 as the 2nd son of Sheikh 'Ali bin 'Abdu'llah Al-Thani...
sheikh of Qatar. He was deposed in 1972. - Khalifa bin Hamad Al ThaniKhalifa bin Hamad Al ThaniEmir Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani GCB GCMG was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995....
, Emir of Qatar, was deposed by his son Sheikh Hamad bin KhalifaHamad bin KhalifaSheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani is the ruling Emir of the State of Qatar since 1995.Sheikh Hamad was the appointed Heir Apparent of Qatar between 1977 and 1995 and at the same time Minister of Defense. In the early 1980s he led the Supreme Planning Council, which sets the Qatar's basic economic...
on June 27, 1995
Reuss Younger Line
- Prince Henry XXVII was deposed in 1918.
- King Michael IMichael I of RomaniaMichael was the last King of Romania. He reigned from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940 until 30 December 1947 when he was forced, by the Communist Party of Romania , to abdicate to the Soviet armies of occupation...
was removed as king in favor of his father Carol IICarol II of RomaniaCarol II reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until 6 September 1940. Eldest son of Ferdinand, King of Romania, and his wife, Queen Marie, a daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second eldest son of Queen Victoria...
in 1930. - King Carol IICarol II of RomaniaCarol II reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until 6 September 1940. Eldest son of Ferdinand, King of Romania, and his wife, Queen Marie, a daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second eldest son of Queen Victoria...
abdicated in 1940. - King Michael was deposed again by the communist-dominated government in 1947.
- Emperor Nicholas IINicholas II of RussiaNicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Prince of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until...
abdicated after the February RevolutionFebruary RevolutionThe February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Centered around the then capital Petrograd in March . Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire...
of 1917, as did his named successor, his brother Grand Duke Michael (possibly known for a very short time as Michael II). Both Nicholas II and Michael separately were later murdered, as was all of Nicholas II's immediate family in 1918 (see the House of RomanovRomanovThe House of Romanov was the second and last imperial dynasty to rule over Russia, reigning from 1613 until the February Revolution abolished the crown in 1917...
). The monarchy was abolished and replaced by a Provisional Government which was in turn overthrown months later by Lenin, which would by 1922 become the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
.
Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke Ernst II was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke Charles EdwardCharles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaCharles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the fourth and last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, two duchies in Germany , and the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 until his death in 1954...
was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Saxe-Meiningen
- Duke Bernhard III was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Grand Duke William ErnestWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachWilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann was the last Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.-Biography:...
was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Saxony
- King Frederick Augustus IIIFrederick Augustus III of SaxonyThis article is about King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. For the elector Frederick Augustus III, see Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.Frederick Augustus III was the last King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.Born in Dresden, Frederick Augustus was the son of King George of Saxony...
was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Schaumburg-Lippe
- Prince Adolf IIAdolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was the last ruler of the small Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...
was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Prince Günther was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- From 1909 Prince Günther of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...
was also ruler of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, and, as said above, was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.
Serbia
- King Peter I became instead King of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918.
Serdang
- Paduka Sri Sultan Tuanku Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Bashar un-din [Al-Marhum Perbaungan], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Serdang, was deposed in 1946.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1971.
Sikkim
- Chogyal Palden Thondup NamgyalPalden Thondup NamgyalPalden Thondup Namgyal was the 12th and last Chogyal of Sikkim.At six, Namgyal became a student at St. Joseph's Convent in Kalimpong, but had to terminate his studies due to attacks of malaria...
ceased to be Chogyal (king) when IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
annexed Sikkim in 1975.
Sintang
- Sri Paduka Tuanku Haji Gusti Adi 'Abdu'l-Majid ibni al-Marhum Panembahan Ismail, Panembahan Kusuma Negara III, Panembahan of Sintang, deposed by Netherlands East Indies authorities in 1913.
South Africa
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be Queen when the country became a republic in 1961.
Spain
- King Alfonso XIIIAlfonso XIII of SpainAlfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
fled following republican wins in local elections in 1931. (The monarchy was restored in 1975 under his grandson, King Juan Carlos.)
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1972.
Syria
- King Faisal I was elected to be king of Greater SyriaGreater SyriaGreater Syria , also known simply as Syria, is a term that denotes a region in the Near East bordering the Eastern Mediterranean Sea or the Levant....
. His reign lasted from March 11, 1920 until July 25 when he was expelled by French forces.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1962.
Tibet
- The 14th Dalai Lama14th Dalai LamaThe 14th Dalai Lama is the 14th and current Dalai Lama. Dalai Lamas are the most influential figures in the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, although the 14th has consolidated control over the other lineages in recent years...
went into exile to India from TibetTibet Autonomous RegionThe Tibet Autonomous Region , Tibet or Xizang for short, also called the Xizang Autonomous Region is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China , created in 1965....
during the 1959 Tibetan uprising1959 Tibetan uprisingThe 1959 Tibetan uprising, or 1959 Tibetan Rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when a revolt erupted in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, which had been under the effective control of the Communist Party of China since the Seventeen Point Agreement in 1951...
.
Toro
- Rukirabasaija Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III was deposed by the abolition of the Ugandian kingdoms on September 8, 1967.
Travancore
- Maharaja Raja RamarajaChithira Thirunal Balarama VarmaChithira Thirunal Maharaja was the last ruling maharaja of the princely state of Travancore, in southern India...
SriSriSri , also transliterated as Shri or Shree or shre is a word of Sanskrit origin, used in the Indian subcontinent as polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." in written and spoken language, or as a title of veneration for deities .-Etymology:Sri has the root meaning of radiance, or...
Patmanabha Dasa Vanchi Pala Bala Rama Varma II (Sri Chithira Tirunal), Kulasekhara Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Maharaja of Travancore, signed the instrument of accession to the Dominion of IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, 15 August 1947, ending the executive political role of his monarchy. Merged his state with CochinKingdom of CochinKingdom of Cochin was a late medieval Hindu kingdom and later Princely State on the Malabar Coast, South India...
and served as RajpramukhRajpramukhRajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from India's independence in 1947 until 1956. Rajpramukhs were the appointed governors of certain of India's provinces and states....
of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956. Deprived of his princely rank, titles and honours by the republican federal government of India on 28 December 1971.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1976.
- Bey Muhammad VII al-MunsifMuhammad VII al-MunsifMuhammad VII al-Munsif was the ruler of Tunisia between 19 June 1942 and 14 May 1943.He was born in La Manouba the son of Muhammad V an-Nasir Pasha. He was appointed heir apparent to the Beylik of Tunis with the title of Bey al-Mahalla on April 30, 1942.Muhammad became bey of Tunis on the death...
Bey of Tunis from 1942–43, when he was deposed by the Free French. - King Muhammad VIII al-AminMuhammad VIII al-AminMuhammad VIII al-Amin was the last bey of Tunisia . He was the first head of state of independent Tunisia from 1956 until he was deposed in 1957...
was deposed when Tunisia became a republic in 1957.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
- Sultan Abdul Hamid IIAbdul Hamid IIHis Imperial Majesty, The Sultan Abdülhamid II, Emperor of the Ottomans, Caliph of the Faithful was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire...
was deposed by Young Turks in 1909. - Sultan Mehmed VIMehmed VIMehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...
was deposed following collapse of Ottoman EmpireOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in 1922.
- Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
ceased to be QueenQueen regnantA queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
when the country became a republic in 1963.
- King Edward VIII of the United KingdomEdward VIII of the United KingdomEdward VIII was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth, and Emperor of India, from 20 January to 11 December 1936.Before his accession to the throne, Edward was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay...
abdicated on December 11, 1936, later becoming the Duke of Windsor.- He also abdicated from the rest of the Commonwealth Realms, but is not listed separately under them. The dates of abdication are the same except in IrelandRepublic of IrelandIreland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
, where it occurred one day later for technical reasons.
- He also abdicated from the rest of the Commonwealth Realms, but is not listed separately under them. The dates of abdication are the same except in Ireland
Vietnam
- Emperor Bảo ĐạiBảo ĐàiBảo Đài is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:...
abdicated in 1945 when communists seized control of the nation. Following the Geneva accords, Vietnam was partitioned and Bao Dai became Head of State (Quoc Truong) of the French controlled areas of VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
. He was never restored as emperor, and in 1955 was removed from office via referendum.
Vallabhpur
- HRH Sarmad i Raja-e-Hindustan, mirza raja, Padma murasa, Sata Vigraha Samrat, maharaja dhiraj, Maharana Sir Sawai Jagdish Singh Kachwaha of Vallabpur. The state merged into the Indian union in 1947. Deprived of his princely rank, titles and honours by the republican federal government of India on 28 December 1971.
Waldeck-Pyrmont
- Prince Friedrich was deposed in 1918.
Württemberg
- King William IIWilliam II of WürttembergWilliam II was the fourth King of Württemberg, from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918...
was deposed in 1918.
Yugoslavia
- King Peter II of YugoslaviaPeter II of YugoslaviaPeter II, also known as Peter II Karađorđević , was the third and last King of Yugoslavia...
was deposed by Axis powers in 1941 and by Josip Broz TitoJosip Broz TitoMarshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
in 1943. (deposition formalized in 1945.)
Zanzibar
(Zanzibar was later united with TanganyikaTanganyika
Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika...
, and Tanzania
Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
was formed)
- Sultan Sayyid Ali bin HamudAli bin Hamud of ZanzibarSayyid Ali bin Hamud Al-Busaid was the eighth Sultan of Zanzibar. Ali ruled Zanzibar from July 20, 1902 to December 9, 1911, having succeeded to the throne of the death of his father, the seventh Sultan. He served only briefly as sultan because of illness...
SultanSultanSultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
of Zanzibar, abdicated 1911 - Sultan Sayyid Jamshid bin AbdullahJamshid bin Abdullah of ZanzibarSayyid Sir Jamshid bin Abdullah Al Said GCMG, was the last Sultan of Zanzibar. He ruled Zanzibar from July 1, 1963 to January 12, 1964. On December 10, 1963, Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy under Jamshid. This state of affairs was short...
SultanSultanSultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
of Zanzibar, overthrown 1964
Surviving monarchs from abolished monarchies
- Tsar Simeon II of BulgariaSimeon Saxe-Coburg-GothaSimeon Borisov of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Tsar Simeon II or Simeon II of Bulgaria is an important political and royal figure in Bulgaria...
(b. 1937); He later served as Prime Minister (2001–2005). - King Fuad II of EgyptFuad II of EgyptFuad II was the last King of Egypt and Sudan.- Biography :He ascended the throne on 26 July 1952 upon the abdication of his father King Farouk I following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952...
(b.1952) - King Constantine II of GreeceConstantine II of Greece|align=right|Constantine II was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1973, the sixth and last monarch of the Greek Royal Family....
(b. 1940) - King Gyanendra of NepalGyanendra of NepalGyanendra Shah was the last King of Nepal. During his life, he has held the title of the King twice: first between 1950 and 1951 as a child when his grandfather Tribhuvan was forced into exile in India with the rest of his family; and from 2001 to 2008, following the Nepalese royal massacre.King...
(b. 1947) - King Michael of Romania (b. 1921)
- King Kigeri V of Rwanda (b. 1935)
- Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah of ZanzibarJamshid bin Abdullah of ZanzibarSayyid Sir Jamshid bin Abdullah Al Said GCMG, was the last Sultan of Zanzibar. He ruled Zanzibar from July 1, 1963 to January 12, 1964. On December 10, 1963, Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy under Jamshid. This state of affairs was short...
(b. 1926) - Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II of the United KingdomElizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...
of Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Kenya, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uganda (b. 1926) - Sultan Ghalib II of Qu'aitiQu'aitiQu'aiti , officially the Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut Qu'aiti , officially the Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut Qu'aiti , officially the Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut (Arabic: (الدولة القعيطية الحضرمية) or the Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (Arabic:سلطنة الشحر والمكلاا ), was a sultanate in the...
(b. 1948)
See also List of living former sovereign monarchs
See also
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 19th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 18th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 17th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 16th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 14th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 13th century
- List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century