List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960
Encyclopedia
This is a complete list of lieutenant general
s in the United States Army
before 1960. The grade of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is ordinarily the second-highest in the peacetime Army, ranking above major general
and below general
.
Originally created for George Washington
during the Quasi-War
with France
, the grade lapsed for most of the 19th century and early 20th century because it was considered too lofty for the diminutive peacetime establishment. Unlike grades of major general and below, the grade of lieutenant general was not considered a functional office during this period, but the penultimate military honor reserved for only the most eminent of wartime generals. After the Spanish-American War
, the lieutenant generalcy slowly transitioned from extraordinary accolade to routine appointment, and from permanent personal grade to temporary ex-officio rank. The grade was revived permanently just before World War II
and has been in continuous existence ever since.
Before World War I
there was at most one lieutenant general on active duty at any time. In 1918 two field army
commanders received wartime commissions as lieutenant general to accord them rank equal to allied counterparts, the first time the grade had been conferred purely to facilitate future command instead of to reward past service. Dozens of lieutenant generals were appointed during World War II to lead the vastly expanded military establishment, and by January 1, 1960, the official Army register listed 33 lieutenant generals on active duty in the peacetime Army.
Entries are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was appointed to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty. Each entry lists the officer's name, date of rank, date the officer vacated the active-duty rank, number of years on active duty as lieutenant general (Yrs), positions held as lieutenant general, and other biographical notes.
The list is sortable by active-duty appointment order, last name, date of rank, date vacated, and number of years on active duty as lieutenant general.
) in the U.S. Army until his death; retirement; resignation; reversion to lower permanent grade upon vacating a position carrying the ex-officio rank; promotion to a higher grade such as general (Gen.
) or general of the Army (Gen.Army
); or transfer to the U.S. Air Force (USAF
). A brevet lieutenant general (Bvt.lt.gen.
) remained in the grade of major general. Grades in the Continental Army (CA
) did not carry over into the U.S. Army.
The rank of lieutenant general in the United States Army was established in 1798 when President John Adams
commissioned George Washington
in that grade to command the armies of the United States during the Quasi-War
with France
. The next year, Congress replaced the office of lieutenant general with that of General of the Armies of the United States but Washington died before accepting the new commission, remaining a lieutenant general until posthumously promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.
In 1855 Congress rewarded the Mexican War service of Major General Winfield Scott
by authorizing his promotion to brevet
lieutenant general, to rank from March 29, 1847, the date of the Mexican surrender at the Siege of Veracruz
. As a lieutenant general only by brevet, Scott remained in the permanent grade of major general but was entitled to be paid as a lieutenant general from the date of his brevet commission, resulting in a public tussle with Secretary of War
Jefferson Davis
over the amount of backpay Scott was owed. Congress resolved all issues in Scott's favor once Davis left office in 1857, and allowed Scott to retire at full pay in 1861.
The grade of lieutenant general was revived in February 1864 to allow President Abraham Lincoln
to promote Major General Ulysses S. Grant
to command the armies of the United States during the American Civil War
. After the war, Grant was promoted to general and his vacant lieutenant general grade was filled by Major General William T. Sherman
. When Grant became President in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general and Major General Philip H. Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. Congress suspended further promotions to general and lieutenant general in 1870, but made an exception in 1888 to promote Sheridan on his deathbed by discontinuing the grade of lieutenant general and merging it with the grade of general.
In 1895 Congress briefly revived the grade of lieutenant general to promote Sheridan's successor as commanding general of the Army, Major General John M. Schofield. Schofield had lobbied for the grade to be permanently reestablished in order to cement the primacy of all future commanding generals over the Army's other major generals. However, Congress regarded the lieutenant generalcy as the penultimate military accolade, second only to promotion to full general, and refused to devalue the title's significance by conferring it on any future commanding general less eminent than previous recipients. Instead, Schofield himself was promoted to lieutenant general as a one-time personal honor eight months before he retired. In retirement Schofield argued that the rank of lieutenant general ought to be permanently associated with the office of commanding general, not the individual officers occupying it, and that an officer serving as commanding general should hold the ex-officio rank of lieutenant general while so detailed but revert to his permanent grade of major general upon leaving office. Over the next five decades, Schofield's concept of lieutenant general as temporary ex-officio rank would slowly prevail over the concept of lieutenant general as permanent personal grade.
The question of whether the lieutenant generalcy should be a permanent personal grade or a temporary ex-officio rank was phrased in terms of the line
of the Army, whose officers commanded combat formations, and its staff, whose officers performed specialized support functions. Permanent personal promotions to general officer grades were only available in the line, but staff officers could temporarily acquire general officer rank while detailed to an office bearing that statutory rank, so officers holding the permanent grade of general officer were called general officers of the line and ex-officio general officers were called general officers of the staff.
In June 1900 Schofield's successor as commanding general, Major General Nelson A. Miles
, was made a lieutenant general of the staff by an amendment to the United States Military Academy
appropriations bill that granted the rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army. Eight months later, the 1901 Army reorganization bill replaced this ex-officio rank with the permanent grade of lieutenant general of the line. When Miles retired in 1903, the senior major general was Adjutant General
Henry C. Corbin
, but as a staff corps officer Corbin was ineligible to command the Army, so the lieutenant generalcy went instead to the senior major general of the line, Samuel B. M. Young
. Young reached the statutory retirement age five months later and was succeeded by Adna R. Chaffee. Seniority and scheduled retirements suggested that Chaffee would be succeeded in 1906 by Arthur MacArthur Jr.
, but both Corbin and Major General John C. Bates
were scheduled to retire for age that year and it was decided that MacArthur's ascension would not be materially delayed by first promoting Bates and Corbin to lieutenant general for the few months of active duty remaining to them.
Corbin's promotion became controversial when he declined to be detailed as chief of staff of the Army
. Corbin felt the chief of staff should be a younger officer with the time and energy to enact a long-range program, not a superannuated placeholder on the cusp of retirement, so when Bates retired Corbin became lieutenant general but Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell
became chief of staff. However, by divorcing the Army's highest grade from its highest office, Corbin had again reduced the lieutenant generalcy to a personal honor. Many in Congress believed Corbin was not in the same class as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Schofield, and pressed to abolish the lieutenant generalcy immediately, but after a heated debate MacArthur's supporters managed to preserve the grade until after MacArthur's promotion.
MacArthur was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1906. Since he was the last Civil War officer expected to succeed to the grade, Congress stopped further promotions to lieutenant general in March 1907 and stated that the active-duty grade would be abolished when MacArthur retired. Later that month, MacArthur asked to be relieved of his duties, disgruntled at his anomalous position of being the ranking officer of the Army yet consigned to the command of a mere division and subject to orders from an officer he outranked, Chief of Staff Bell, whose four-year term extended beyond MacArthur's statutory retirement date. MacArthur returned home to Milwaukee, Wisconsin
, where he marked time writing up travel reports until he retired in 1909.
and the commander of the United States forces in France
, and as lieutenant generals the commanders of the field armies
and army corps
, so that they would not be outranked by their counterparts in allied European armies. Unlike previous incarnations, these new grades were time-limited, authorized only for the duration of the World War I
emergency, after which their bearers would revert to their lower permanent grades. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force
, Major General John J. Pershing
, was immediately appointed emergency general, as were two successive Army chiefs of staff, but no emergency lieutenant generals were named for over a year because the armies they would command had not yet been organized.
On October 21, 1918, Major Generals Hunter Liggett
, commander of the First Army, and Robert L. Bullard, commander of the Second Army, were nominated to be emergency lieutenant generals, less than three weeks before the Armistice
. With victory imminent, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker
sought legislation to reward the Army's high commanders by making their emergency grades permanent. However, Army Chief of Staff Peyton C. March
had alienated many members of Congress by unilaterally reorganizing the Army without their input and his enemies blocked every effort to honor any officer but Pershing with higher rank. In the end, Pershing was promoted to permanent General of the Armies, but March, Liggett, and Bullard reverted to their permanent grades of major general when their emergency grades expired on July 1, 1920.
After the war, there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to retire as lieutenant generals a list of officers that variously included Major Generals March, Liggett, Bullard, Enoch H. Crowder, Joseph T. Dickman
, Leonard Wood
, John F. Morrison, James G. Harbord, James W. McAndrew, Henry P. McCain, Charles P. Summerall, Ernest Hinds, Harry F. Hodges, William Campbell Langfitt
, and George W. Goethals
; Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland
; and Colonel William L. Kenly
. Finally, on August 7, 1929, the Army chief of engineers
, Major General Edgar Jadwin
, was retired as a lieutenant general by a 1915 law that automatically promoted officers one grade upon retirement if they had helped build the Panama Canal
. There was some consternation that a peacetime staff corps officer had secured more or less by chance a promotion deliberately withheld from the victorious field commanders of World War I, so the year after Jadwin's promotion all World War I officers were advanced to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list, including Liggett and Bullard.
In 1942, Congress allowed retired Army generals to be advanced one grade on the retired list or posthumously if they had been recommended in writing during World War I for promotion to a higher rank which they had not since received, provided they had also been awarded the Medal of Honor
, the Distinguished Service Cross
, or the Distinguished Service Medal; retired Major Generals James G. Harbord and William M. Wright were both advanced to lieutenant general under this provision.
After Pershing retired in 1924, the rank of the Army chief of staff reverted to major general, the highest permanent grade in the peacetime Army. However, the Navy continued to maintain three ex-officio vice admirals and four ex-officio admirals, including the chief of naval operations
, so in 1929 Congress raised the ex-officio rank of the Army chief of staff to full general. In 1939 Congress also assigned the ex-officio rank of lieutenant general to the major generals of the Regular Army specifically assigned to command each of the four field armies
, allowing President Franklin D. Roosevelt
to appoint the first new active-duty lieutenant generals since World War I: First Army commander Hugh A. Drum, Second Army commander Stanley H. Ford
, Third Army commander Stanley D. Embick
, and Fourth Army commander Albert J. Bowley
. Congress extended similar rank in July 1940 to the major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.
As general officers of the staff, these new lieutenant generals bore three-star rank only while actually commanding a field army or department, and reverted to their permanent two-star rank upon being reassigned or retired. However, during World War II
most lieutenant generals of the staff received concurrent personal appointments as temporary lieutenant generals in the Army of the United States
so that they could be reassigned without loss of rank. Postwar legislation allowed officers to retire in their highest temporary grades, so most lieutenant generals of the staff eventually retired at that rank. Of the lieutenant generals of the staff who were never appointed temporary lieutenant generals, Albert J. Bowley
, Stanley H. Ford
, Charles D. Herron
, Daniel Van Voorhis
, Herbert J. Brees
, and Walter C. Short retired as major generals upon reaching the statutory retirement age; and Lloyd R. Fredendall qualified to retire in grade due to physical disability incurred during his term as lieutenant general. After the war, Brees and Short both applied to be advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list under a 1948 law; Brees was promoted but the administration specifically declined to advance Short, who had been relieved of command of the Hawaiian Department a few days after the defeat at Pearl Harbor
.
during time of war or national emergency. The first temporary lieutenant general appointed under this authority was Major General Delos C. Emmons
, Commander, General Headquarters Air Force; followed by Major General Lesley J. McNair
, Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army
. In July 1941, retired four-star general Douglas MacArthur
was recalled to active duty and appointed temporary lieutenant general as Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East.
Dozens of officers were promoted to temporary lieutenant general during World War II
. Lieutenant generals typically commanded one of the numbered field armies
or air forces; served as deputy theater commanders; or headed major headquarters staffs, administrative commands, or support organizations. Officers were only allowed to retire in their temporary grades if they were retired due to disability incurred in the line of duty, but those compelled by good health to retire in a lower grade were eventually restored to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list.
Subject to Senate approval, anyone could be appointed temporary lieutenant general, even a civilian. In January 1942, the outgoing Director General of the Office of Production Management
, William S. Knudsen
, was commissioned temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, the only civilian ever to join the Army at such a high initial rank.
. All Air Corps personnel were transferred in grade to the United States Air Force
by the National Security Act of 1947
.
Lieutenant generals typically headed divisions of the General Staff in Washington, D.C.; field armies in Europe, Japan, and the continental United States; the Army command in the Pacific; the unified command in the Caribbean
; the occupation force in Austria
; and senior educational institutions such as the National War College
, the Army War College, and the Armed Forces Staff College
. During the Korean War
, the commanding general of the Eighth Army was elevated to full general, and the Eighth Army deputy commanding general and subordinate corps commanders were elevated to lieutenant general.
By mid-1952, the number of active-duty general officers had swelled to nearly twice its World War II peak. In response, Congress enacted the Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, which tied the maximum number of generals to the total number of officers. However, the real limit was the so-called Stennis ceiling imposed by Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis
, whose Senate Armed Services Committee
refused to confirm general or flag officer nominations beyond what he considered to be a reasonable total, which typically was much lower than the statutory limit. The Stennis ceiling remained in effect from the mid-1950s until the post-Vietnam War
drawdown.
Unlike the temporary general and flag officer ranks of World War II, the 1947 ranks were attached to offices, not individuals, and were lost if an officer was reassigned to a lesser job. Army generals almost always preferred to retire rather than revert to a lower permanent grade. A rare exception was Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel
, who temporarily relinquished his third star upon becoming chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group
in French Indochina
so that he would not outrank the theater commander in chief, French lieutenant general
Henri Navarre
. O'Daniel got his star back five months later when France
withdrew from Indochina following Navarre's defeat at Dien Bien Phu
.
pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army before 1960.
Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large
, and a summary of the act's relevance.
Lieutenant General (United States)
In the United States Army, the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps, lieutenant general is a three-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-9. Lieutenant general ranks above major general and below general...
s in the United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
before 1960. The grade of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is ordinarily the second-highest in the peacetime Army, ranking above major general
Major general (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star general-officer rank, with the pay grade of O-8. Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general...
and below general
General (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, general is a four-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-10. General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force; the Marine Corps does not have an...
.
Originally created for George Washington
George Washington
George Washington was the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of...
during the Quasi-War
Quasi-War
The Quasi-War was an undeclared war fought mostly at sea between the United States and French Republic from 1798 to 1800. In the United States, the conflict was sometimes also referred to as the Franco-American War, the Pirate Wars, or the Half-War.-Background:The Kingdom of France had been a...
with France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, the grade lapsed for most of the 19th century and early 20th century because it was considered too lofty for the diminutive peacetime establishment. Unlike grades of major general and below, the grade of lieutenant general was not considered a functional office during this period, but the penultimate military honor reserved for only the most eminent of wartime generals. After the Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War
The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, effectively the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence...
, the lieutenant generalcy slowly transitioned from extraordinary accolade to routine appointment, and from permanent personal grade to temporary ex-officio rank. The grade was revived permanently just before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
and has been in continuous existence ever since.
Before World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
there was at most one lieutenant general on active duty at any time. In 1918 two field army
Field army
A Field Army, or Area Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national military forces for a military formation superior to a corps and beneath an army group....
commanders received wartime commissions as lieutenant general to accord them rank equal to allied counterparts, the first time the grade had been conferred purely to facilitate future command instead of to reward past service. Dozens of lieutenant generals were appointed during World War II to lead the vastly expanded military establishment, and by January 1, 1960, the official Army register listed 33 lieutenant generals on active duty in the peacetime Army.
Taxonomy
- A lieutenant general of the line was an officer who was commissioned in the permanent grade of lieutenant general in the Regular Army and therefore maintained that rank regardless of assignment.
- A lieutenant general of the staff was an officer who held the temporary rank of lieutenant general in the Regular Army only while occupying an office designated by statute to carry that rank, and who reverted to a lower permanent grade upon relinquishing that office.
- An emergency lieutenant general was an officer whose Regular Army grade of lieutenant general was authorized only during the World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
emergency, which expired on June 30, 1920. - A temporary lieutenant general was an officer who was commissioned in the temporary grade of lieutenant general in the Army of the United StatesArmy of the United StatesThe Army of the United States is the official name for the conscription force of the United States Army that may be raised at the discretion of the United States Congress in the event of the United States entering into a major armed conflict...
, typically in addition to a lower permanent grade in the Regular Army. - A brevet lieutenant general was an officer who held the rank of lieutenant general only by brevetBrevet (military)In many of the world's military establishments, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank except when actually serving in that role. An officer so promoted may be referred to as being...
, and remained commissioned in the permanent grade of major general.
List of U.S. Army lieutenant generals before 1960
The following list of lieutenant generals includes all officers appointed to that rank in the United States Army prior to January 1, 1960, including brevet and temporary lieutenant generals.Entries are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was appointed to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty. Each entry lists the officer's name, date of rank, date the officer vacated the active-duty rank, number of years on active duty as lieutenant general (Yrs), positions held as lieutenant general, and other biographical notes.
The list is sortable by active-duty appointment order, last name, date of rank, date vacated, and number of years on active duty as lieutenant general.
| Name | Date of rank | Date vacated | Yrs | Position | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(1732–1799) Promoted to General of the Armies General of the Armies General of the Armies of the United States, or more commonly referred to as General of the Armies, is the highest possible officer rank of the United States Army.Only two soldiers have been granted the rank of General of the Armies; John J... posthumously, 4 Jul 1976. |
|||||
|
Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. From 1783, he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army, but in 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United... , 1841–1861. |
(1786–1866) Brevet Brevet (military) In many of the world's military establishments, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank except when actually serving in that role. An officer so promoted may be referred to as being... rank. |
|||||
|
Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. From 1783, he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army, but in 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United... , 1864–1869. |
(1822–1885) Promoted to general, 25 Jul 1866. | |||||
|
Department of the Missouri Department of the Missouri was a division of the United States Army that functioned through the American Civil War and the Indian Wars afterwards.-Civil War:... , 1864–1866. Department of the Missouri Department of the Missouri was a division of the United States Army that functioned through the American Civil War and the Indian Wars afterwards.-Civil War:... , 1866–1869. |
(1820–1891) Promoted to general, 4 Mar 1869. | |||||
|
Department of the Missouri Department of the Missouri was a division of the United States Army that functioned through the American Civil War and the Indian Wars afterwards.-Civil War:... , 1869–1883. Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. From 1783, he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army, but in 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United... , 1883–1888. |
(1831–1888) Promoted to general, 1 Jun 1888. | |||||
|
Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. From 1783, he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army, but in 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United... , 1888–1895. |
(1831–1906) | |||||
|
Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. From 1783, he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army, but in 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United... , 1895–1903. |
(1839–1925) | |||||
|
Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. From 1783, he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army, but in 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United... , 1903. Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in... , 1903–1904. |
(1840–1924) | |||||
|
Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in... , 1904–1906. |
(1842–1914) | |||||
| 10 |
Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in... , 1906. |
(1842–1919) | ||||
| 11 |
Department of the Missouri Department of the Missouri was a division of the United States Army that functioned through the American Civil War and the Indian Wars afterwards.-Civil War:... , 1906. |
(1842–1909) | ||||
| 12 |
Department of the Pacific The Department of the Pacific was a major command of the United States Army during the 19th century.-Formation:The Department of the Pacific was first organized on October 31, 1853, at San Francisco, California, taking over from the previous Pacific Division. The department reported directly to... , 1906–1907. |
(1845–1912) | ||||
| 13 |
|
(1857–1935) | ||||
| 14 |
Corps area A Corps area was a geographically-based organizational structure of the United States Army used to accomplish domestic administrative, training and tactical tasks from 1920 to 1942. Each corps area included divisions of the Regular Army, Organized Reserve and National Guard of the United States... , 1919–1925. |
(1861–1947) | ||||
| * | (none) |
|
(1865–1931) | |||
| 15 |
Eastern Defense Command Eastern Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Atlantic Coast region of the United States. EDC replaced the existing Northeast Defense Command. A second major responsibility of EDC was the training... , 1942–1943. Eastern Defense Command Eastern Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Atlantic Coast region of the United States. EDC replaced the existing Northeast Defense Command. A second major responsibility of EDC was the training... /Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board Inter-American Defense Board The Inter-American Defense Board is an international committee of nationally appointed defense officials who develop collaborative approaches on common defense and security issues facing countries in North, Central, and South America... , 1943. |
(1879–1951) | ||||
| 16 |
|
(1877–1954) | ||||
| 17 |
Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean... and the United States, 1940–1942, and Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of... and the United States, 1942. Inter-American Defense Board The Inter-American Defense Board is an international committee of nationally appointed defense officials who develop collaborative approaches on common defense and security issues facing countries in North, Central, and South America... , 1942–1943 and 1943–1946. |
(1877–1957) | ||||
| 18 |
|
(1875–1945) | ||||
| 19 |
Western Defense Command Western Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Pacific Coast region of the United States. A second major responsibility was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas. The first... , 1941–1943. National War College The National War College of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active. It was officially established on July 1, 1946, as an upgraded replacement for the... , 1943–1946. |
(1880–1962) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 20 |
|
(1877–1977) | ||||
| 21 |
|
(1878–1956) | ||||
| 22 |
|
(1877–1958) | ||||
| 23 |
Central Defense Command Central Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Midwest region of the United States. A second major responsibility of CDC was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas... , 1941–1943. Army Ground Forces The Army Ground Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Service Forces. Throughout their existence, Army Ground Forces were the largest training organization ever established in the United... , 1944–1945. European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1945. |
(1879–1966) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 24 |
United States Army Air Corps The United States Army Air Corps was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. Renamed from the Air Service on 2 July 1926, it was part of the United States Army and the predecessor of the United States Army Air Forces , established in 1941... , 1940–1941. United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force.... , 1941. Western Defense Command Western Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Pacific Coast region of the United States. A second major responsibility was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas. The first... , 1943–1944. Joint Forces Staff College The Joint Forces Staff College located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981. It educates and acculturates joint and multinational warfighters to plan and lead at the operational level... , 1946–1948. |
(1888–1965) | ||||
| 25 |
|
(1880–1949) | ||||
| 26 |
Southern Defense Command Southern Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Gulf of Mexico coastal region of the United States. A second major responsibility of SDC was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas... , 1941–1943. |
(1881–1967) Promoted to general, 5 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 27 |
Army Ground Forces The Army Ground Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Service Forces. Throughout their existence, Army Ground Forces were the largest training organization ever established in the United... , 1941–1942. Army Ground Forces The Army Ground Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Service Forces. Throughout their existence, Army Ground Forces were the largest training organization ever established in the United... , 1942–1944. |
(1883–1944) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Killed in action. | ||||
| 28 |
|
(1880–1964) Promoted to general, 18 Dec 1941; to general of the Army General of the Army (United States) General of the Army is a five-star general officer and is the second highest possible rank in the United States Army. A special rank of General of the Armies, which ranks above General of the Army, does exist but has only been conferred twice in the history of the Army... , 18 Dec 1944. |
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| 29 |
United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1941–1942. U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East United States Army Forces in the Middle East ' was a unified United States Army command during World War II established in August, 1942 by order of General George Marshall to oversee the Egypt-Libya Campaign.... , 1942–1943. European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1943. |
(1884–1943) Died in office. | ||||
| 30 |
United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force.... , 1941–1942. United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force.... , 1942–1946. |
(1886–1950) Promoted to general, 19 Mar 1943; to general of the Army General of the Army (United States) General of the Army is a five-star general officer and is the second highest possible rank in the United States Army. A special rank of General of the Armies, which ranks above General of the Army, does exist but has only been conferred twice in the history of the Army... , 21 Dec 1944; to general of the Air Force, 7 May 1949. |
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| 31 |
American-British-Dutch-Australian Command The American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, or ABDACOM, was a short-lived, supreme command for all Allied forces in South East Asia, in early 1942, during the Pacific War in World War II... /Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in Australia, 1942. American-British-Dutch-Australian Command The American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, or ABDACOM, was a short-lived, supreme command for all Allied forces in South East Asia, in early 1942, during the Pacific War in World War II... , 1942. South West Pacific Area South West Pacific Area was the name given to the Allied supreme military command in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands in the Pacific theatres of World War II, during 1942–45... , 1942. United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1942–1945. |
(1886–1963) | ||||
| 32 |
United States Department of War The United States Department of War, also called the War Department , was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army... , 1942–1945. |
(1879–1948) Resigned, 1945. | ||||
| 33 |
China Burma India Theater of World War II China Burma India Theater was the name used by the United States Army for its forces operating in conjunction with British and Chinese Allied air and land forces in China, Burma, and India during World War II... , 1942–1943. China Burma India Theater of World War II China Burma India Theater was the name used by the United States Army for its forces operating in conjunction with British and Chinese Allied air and land forces in China, Burma, and India during World War II... /Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia South East Asia Command South East Asia Command was the body set up to be in overall charge of Allied operations in the South-East Asian Theatre during World War II.-Background:... , 1943–1944. |
(1883–1946) Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1944. | ||||
| 34 |
Services of Supply The Services Of Supply or "SOS" branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department" and War Department Circular No. 59, dated 2 March 1942. Services of Supply became one of the three autonomous components of the... , 1942–1943. Army Service Forces The Army Service Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Ground Forces. They were created on February 28, 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department"... , 1943–1946. |
(1892–1955) Promoted to general, 6 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 35 |
|
(1883–1953) Promoted to general, 6 Sep 1945. | ||||
| 36 |
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army is the principal advisor and assistant to the Army Chief of Staff, the second-highest ranking officer in the US Army. He handles the day to day administration of the Army bureaucracy, freeing the Chief of Staff to attend to the interservice... , 1942–1944. Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... /Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... , 1944–1945. |
(1893–1972) Promoted to general, 7 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 37 |
European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1942. European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1942–1943. Allied Forces Headquarters Allied Force Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late 1942 to the end of the war.... /Commanding General, North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943. |
(1890–1969) Promoted to general, 11 Feb 1943; to general of the Army General of the Army (United States) General of the Army is a five-star general officer and is the second highest possible rank in the United States Army. A special rank of General of the Armies, which ranks above General of the Army, does exist but has only been conferred twice in the history of the Army... , 20 Dec 1944. |
||||
| * | (none) |
|
(1866–1947) | |||
| * | (none) |
|
(1863–1943) | |||
| 38 |
European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1943–1944. Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... , 1944. |
(1887–1979) Promoted to general, 8 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 39 |
|
(1886–1961) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 40 |
South West Pacific Area South West Pacific Area was the name given to the Allied supreme military command in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands in the Pacific theatres of World War II, during 1942–45... , 1942. South West Pacific Area South West Pacific Area was the name given to the Allied supreme military command in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands in the Pacific theatres of World War II, during 1942–45... /Fifth Air Force Fifth Air Force The Fifth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Pacific Air Forces . It is headquartered at Yokota Air Base, Japan.... , 1942–1944. |
(1889–1977) Promoted to general, 9 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 41 |
|
(1896–1984) Promoted to general, 10 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 42 |
United States Army Air Forces in the Central Pacific Area During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces engaged in combat against the Empire of Japan in the Central Pacific Area. As defined by the War Department, this consisted of most of the Pacific Ocean and its islands, excluding the Philippines, Australia, the Netherlands East Indies, the... /Deputy Commanding General, Twentieth Air Force Twentieth Air Force The Twentieth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming.20 AF's primary mission is Intercontinental Ballistic Missile operations... , 1944–1946. |
(1888–1946) Died in office. | ||||
| 43 |
Southern Defense Command Southern Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Gulf of Mexico coastal region of the United States. A second major responsibility of SDC was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas... , 1943–1944. |
(1887–1966) Promoted to general, 26 Apr 1945. | ||||
| 44 |
|
(1885–1945) Promoted to general, 14 Apr 1945. | ||||
| 45 |
Fifteenth Air Force The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force is one of two EMTFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . It is headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California.... , 1943–1944. |
(1891–1974) Promoted to general, 11 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 46 |
Alaska Defense Command Alaska Defense Command was established on 4 February 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Alaska Territory of the United States... , 1940–1944. |
(1886–1945) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Killed in action. | ||||
| 47 |
|
(1882–1954) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 48 |
Central Defense Command Central Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Midwest region of the United States. A second major responsibility of CDC was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas... , 1943–1945. |
(1883–1963) | ||||
| 49 |
|
(1893–1981) Promoted to general, 12 Mar 1945; to general of the Army General of the Army (United States) General of the Army is a five-star general officer and is the second highest possible rank in the United States Army. A special rank of General of the Armies, which ranks above General of the Army, does exist but has only been conferred twice in the history of the Army... , 22 Sep 1950. |
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| 50 |
Air Training Command Air Training Command is a former major command of the United States Army Air Forces and United States Air Force. ATC came into being as a redesignation of the Army Air Forces Training Command on July 1, 1946... , 1943–1946. |
(1884–1949) | ||||
| 51 |
Eighth Air Force The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.... , 1942–1943. Mediterranean Allied Air Forces The Mediterranean Allied Air Forces was the major Allied air force command organization in the Mediterranean theater from mid-December 1943 until the end of the Second World War.-Formation:... , 1943–1945. |
(1896–1987) Promoted to general on the retired list, 26 Apr 1985. | ||||
| 52 |
Eastern Defense Command Eastern Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Atlantic Coast region of the United States. EDC replaced the existing Northeast Defense Command. A second major responsibility of EDC was the training... , 1943–1944. Eastern Defense Command Eastern Defense Command was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U.S. Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Atlantic Coast region of the United States. EDC replaced the existing Northeast Defense Command. A second major responsibility of EDC was the training... /Second Service Command Corps area A Corps area was a geographically-based organizational structure of the United States Army used to accomplish domestic administrative, training and tactical tasks from 1920 to 1942. Each corps area included divisions of the Regular Army, Organized Reserve and National Guard of the United States... , 1944–1945. |
(1881–1971) | ||||
| 53 |
|
(1888–1980) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 54 |
Allied Forces Headquarters Allied Force Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late 1942 to the end of the war.... , 1942–1944. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force , was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in north west Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II. U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was in command of SHAEF throughout its existence... , 1944–1945. United States Army Europe United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and the land component of United States European Command. It is the largest American formation in Europe.-Invasion of Sicily:... , 1945. Director of Central Intelligence The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence was the head of the United States Central Intelligence Agency, the principal intelligence advisor to the President and the National Security Council, and the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various United... , 1950–1953. |
(1895–1961) Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1951. | ||||
| 55 |
South West Pacific Area South West Pacific Area was the name given to the Allied supreme military command in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands in the Pacific theatres of World War II, during 1942–45... , 1942–1945. |
(1893–1966) | ||||
| 56 |
Services of Supply The Services Of Supply or "SOS" branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department" and War Department Circular No. 59, dated 2 March 1942. Services of Supply became one of the three autonomous components of the... , European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1944. Services of Supply The Services Of Supply or "SOS" branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department" and War Department Circular No. 59, dated 2 March 1942. Services of Supply became one of the three autonomous components of the... , European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army European Theater of Operations The European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U.S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It referred to Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the... , 1944. Services of Supply The Services Of Supply or "SOS" branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department" and War Department Circular No. 59, dated 2 March 1942. Services of Supply became one of the three autonomous components of the... , European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944–1945. Services of Supply The Services Of Supply or "SOS" branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department" and War Department Circular No. 59, dated 2 March 1942. Services of Supply became one of the three autonomous components of the... , European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1945–1946. Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... /Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... , 1946–1947. |
(1887–1958) | ||||
| 57 |
South East Asia Command South East Asia Command was the body set up to be in overall charge of Allied operations in the South-East Asian Theatre during World War II.-Background:... , 1944–1945. Chief of Engineers The Chief of Engineers commands the US Army Corps of Engineers. As a staff officer at The Pentagon, the Chief advises the Army on engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer and the proponent for real estate and other related engineering programs.... , 1945–1949. |
(1885–1974) | ||||
| 58 |
Eighth Air Force The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.... , 1944–1945. |
(1896–1993) Promoted to general on the retired list, 4 Apr 1985. | ||||
| 59 |
Ninth Air Force The Ninth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command . It is headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina.... , 1943–1944. First Allied Airborne Army The First Allied Airborne Army was an Allied formation formed on 2 August 1944 by the order of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force. The formation was part of the Allied Expeditionary Force and controlled all Allied airborne forces in Western... , 1944–1945. Third Air Force The Third Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Forces in Europe . It is headquartered at Ramstein Air Base, Germany.... , 1945–1946. First Air Force The First Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command . It is headquartered at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida.... , 1946. United States Department of War The United States Department of War, also called the War Department , was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army... , 1946–1947. United States Atomic Energy Commission The United States Atomic Energy Commission was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S... , 1947–1948. |
(1890–1967) | ||||
| 60 |
United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific The United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was a World War II command and control authority of the strategic United States Army Air Forces in the Pacific Theater.-Overview:... , 1945. United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific The United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was a World War II command and control authority of the strategic United States Army Air Forces in the Pacific Theater.-Overview:... , 1945–1946. |
(1892–1984) | ||||
| 61 |
|
(1889–1945) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Died in office. | ||||
| 62 |
China Burma India Theater of World War II China Burma India Theater was the name used by the United States Army for its forces operating in conjunction with British and Chinese Allied air and land forces in China, Burma, and India during World War II... , 1943–1944. China Burma India Theater of World War II China Burma India Theater was the name used by the United States Army for its forces operating in conjunction with British and Chinese Allied air and land forces in China, Burma, and India during World War II... , 1944–1945. |
(1885–1947) Died in office. | ||||
| 63 |
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army is the principal advisor and assistant to the Army Chief of Staff, the second-highest ranking officer in the US Army. He handles the day to day administration of the Army bureaucracy, freeing the Chief of Staff to attend to the interservice... , 1944–1947. |
(1892–1982) Promoted to general, 13 Mar 1945. | ||||
| 64 |
|
(1895–1965) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 65 |
Army Service Forces The Army Service Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Ground Forces. They were created on February 28, 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department"... , 1942–1945. |
(1893–1975) | ||||
| 66 |
|
(1888–1972) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 67 |
China Burma India Theater of World War II China Burma India Theater was the name used by the United States Army for its forces operating in conjunction with British and Chinese Allied air and land forces in China, Burma, and India during World War II... , 1944–1946. |
(1897–1989) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954. | ||||
| 68 |
Air Transport Command Air Transport Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its mission was to meet the urgent demand for the speedy reinforcement of the United States' military bases worldwide during World War II, using an air supply system to supplement surface transport... , 1942–1946. |
(1893–1986) | ||||
| 69 |
Mediterranean Allied Air Forces The Mediterranean Allied Air Forces was the major Allied air force command organization in the Mediterranean theater from mid-December 1943 until the end of the Second World War.-Formation:... /Commanding General, Twelfth Air Force, 1945. United States Air Forces in Europe The United States Air Forces in Europe is the United States Air Force component of U.S. European Command, a Department of Defense unified command, and is one of two Air Force Major Commands outside of the continental United States, the other being the Pacific Air Forces... , 1945–1946. Air Training Command Air Training Command is a former major command of the United States Army Air Forces and United States Air Force. ATC came into being as a redesignation of the Army Air Forces Training Command on July 1, 1946... , 1946–1948. United States Air Forces in Europe The United States Air Forces in Europe is the United States Air Force component of U.S. European Command, a Department of Defense unified command, and is one of two Air Force Major Commands outside of the continental United States, the other being the Pacific Air Forces... , 1948–1950. United States Air Forces in Europe The United States Air Forces in Europe is the United States Air Force component of U.S. European Command, a Department of Defense unified command, and is one of two Air Force Major Commands outside of the continental United States, the other being the Pacific Air Forces... , 1950–1951. |
(1892–1955) Promoted to general, 29 Oct 1951. | ||||
| 70 |
Ninth Air Force The Ninth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command . It is headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina.... , 1944–1945. Director of Central Intelligence The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence was the head of the United States Central Intelligence Agency, the principal intelligence advisor to the President and the National Security Council, and the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various United... , 1946–1947. United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force.... /Chief, Air Staff, 1947. |
(1899–1954) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1947. | ||||
| 71 |
Quartermaster general (USA) The Quartermaster General of the United States Army is a general officer who is responsible for the Quartermaster Corps, the Quartermaster branch of the U.S. Army. The Quartermaster General does not command Quartermaster units, but is primarily focused on training, doctrine and professional... , 1940–1946. |
(1882–1961) | ||||
| 72 |
|
(1886–1959) | ||||
| 73 |
Chief of Engineers The Chief of Engineers commands the US Army Corps of Engineers. As a staff officer at The Pentagon, the Chief advises the Army on engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer and the proponent for real estate and other related engineering programs.... , 1941–1945. |
(1884–1961) | ||||
| 74 |
XX Corps (United States) The XX Corps of the United States Army fought from northern France to Austria in World War II. Constituted by redesignating the IV Armored Corps, which had been activated at Camp Young, California on 5 September 1942, XX Corps became operational in France as part of Lieutenant General George S.... , 1944–1945. Corps area A Corps area was a geographically-based organizational structure of the United States Army used to accomplish domestic administrative, training and tactical tasks from 1920 to 1942. Each corps area included divisions of the Regular Army, Organized Reserve and National Guard of the United States... , 1945–1946. Corps area A Corps area was a geographically-based organizational structure of the United States Army used to accomplish domestic administrative, training and tactical tasks from 1920 to 1942. Each corps area included divisions of the Regular Army, Organized Reserve and National Guard of the United States... , 1946. |
(1889–1950) Promoted to general posthumously, 2 Jan 1951. Died in office. | ||||
| 75 |
XV Corps (United States) The XV Corps of the US Army was initially constituted on 1 October 1933 as part of the Organized Reserves, and was activated on 15 February 1943 at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. During the Second World War, XV Corps fought for 307 days in the European Theater of Operations, fighting from Normandy... , 1943–1945. United States Secretary of War The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation... 's Personnel Board, 1945–1946. Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in... 's Advisory Group, 1946–1948. |
(1889–1971) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1949. | ||||
| 76 |
|
(1886–1976) | ||||
| 77 |
Army Ground Forces The Army Ground Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Service Forces. Throughout their existence, Army Ground Forces were the largest training organization ever established in the United... , 1945. Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army is the principal advisor and assistant to the Army Chief of Staff, the second-highest ranking officer in the US Army. He handles the day to day administration of the Army bureaucracy, freeing the Chief of Staff to attend to the interservice... , 1947–1948. |
(1896–1987) Promoted to general, 24 Jan 1948. | ||||
| 78 |
Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the... , 1947–1950. Weapons Systems Evaluation Group The Weapons Systems Evaluation Group was formed in 1949 to carry out Operational Research work for the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States Army and the United States Secretary of Defense. The group oversaw the appraisal of weapons used during the Korean War... , 1951–1954. |
(1888–1967) | ||||
| 79 |
United States Army Europe United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and the land component of United States European Command. It is the largest American formation in Europe.-Invasion of Sicily:... /Deputy Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany, 1945–1947. |
(1897–1978) Promoted to general, 28 Mar 1947. | ||||
| 80 |
Eastern Air Command Eastern Air Command may refer to the following military formations:* Eastern Air Command, Indian Air Force* a former home defence command of the Royal Canadian Air Force* Allied air force units under South East Asia Command, during 1944–45... /U.S. Army Air Forces, India-Burma Theater, 1944–1945. Continental Air Command Continental Air Command was a Major Command of the United States Air Force responsible primarily for administering the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve.-Lineage:... , 1948–1949. |
(1890–1969) | ||||
| 81 |
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(1888–1973) | ||||
| 82 |
IV Corps (United States) The IV Corps replaced the VI Corps in the Fifth United States Army's order of battle in Italy after Allied forces liberated Rome in the summer of 1944 when VI Corps was withdrawn to take part in Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France. Initially the Corps had two divisions, U.S... , 1944–1945. United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1945–1947. United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1947–1948. Inter-American Defense Board The Inter-American Defense Board is an international committee of nationally appointed defense officials who develop collaborative approaches on common defense and security issues facing countries in North, Central, and South America... , 1948–1950. |
(1890–1980) | ||||
| 83 |
XI Corps (United States) XI Corps was a corps of the United States Army in World War II and the Korean War.-References:* Weigley, Russell F. . Eisenhower's Lieutenants. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-13333-5.... , 1942–1946. |
(1886–1953) | ||||
| 84 |
Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... /Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Mediterranean Theater of Operations The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II... , 1945–1946. Military Staff Committee The Military Staff Committee is the United Nations Security Council subsidiary body whose role, as defined by the United Nations Charter, is to plan UN military operations and assist in the regulation of armaments.... , United Nations United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace... , 1946–1948. United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1948–1949. |
(1895–1993) Promoted to general, 11 May 1951. | ||||
| 85 |
Army Service Forces The Army Service Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Ground Forces. They were created on February 28, 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department"... , 1945–1946. Army Service Forces The Army Service Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Ground Forces. They were created on February 28, 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department"... , 1946. |
(1890–1980) | ||||
| 86 |
VIII Corps (United States) The U.S. VIII Corps was a corps of the United States Army that saw service during various times over a fifty-year period during the twentieth century. The VIII Corps was organized 26–29 November 1918 in the Regular Army in France and demobilized on 20 April 1919. The VIII Corps was soon... , 1944–1945. |
(1889–1976) | ||||
| 87 |
Fifteenth Air Force The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force is one of two EMTFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . It is headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California.... , 1943–1945. Twentieth Air Force The Twentieth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming.20 AF's primary mission is Intercontinental Ballistic Missile operations... , 1945. Air Force Logistics Command Air Force Logistics Command was a United States Air Force command. Its headquarters was located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio... , 1946–1947. Alaskan Command The Alaskan Command is a regional military command of the United States Armed Forces focusing on the state of Alaska. A sub-unified command of the United States Pacific Command, Alaskan Command is charged with maintaining air sovereignty, deploying forces for worldwide contingencies as directed by... , 1947–1950. |
(1897–1982) Promoted to general, 10 Oct 1950. | ||||
| 88 |
Fifth Air Force The Fifth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Pacific Air Forces . It is headquartered at Yokota Air Base, Japan.... , 1944–1945. Continental Air Command Continental Air Command was a Major Command of the United States Air Force responsible primarily for administering the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve.-Lineage:... , 1949–1950. Continental Air Command Continental Air Command was a Major Command of the United States Air Force responsible primarily for administering the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve.-Lineage:... /Air Defense Command, 1950. |
(1895–1964) | ||||
| 89 |
United States Army Military Government in Korea The United States Army Military Government in Korea, also known as USAMGIK, was the official ruling body of the southern half of the Korean Peninsula from September 8, 1945 to August 15, 1948... , 1945–1948. |
(1893–1963) Promoted to general, 5 Jul 1952. | ||||
| 90 |
Weapons Systems Evaluation Group The Weapons Systems Evaluation Group was formed in 1949 to carry out Operational Research work for the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States Army and the United States Secretary of Defense. The group oversaw the appraisal of weapons used during the Korean War... , 1949–1951. |
(1895–1975) Promoted to general, 30 Jul 1951. | ||||
| 91 |
XIX Corps (United States) XIX Corps started as the III Armored Corps at Camp Polk, Louisiana on 20 August 1942 under the command of Major General Willis D. Crittenberger.... , 1944–1945. |
(1890–1954) | ||||
| 92 |
United States European Command The United States European Command is one of ten Unified Combatant Commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, and Israel... , 1947–1950. |
(1888–1972) | ||||
| 93 |
Command and General Staff College The United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas is a graduate school for United States Army and sister service officers, interagency representatives, and international military officers. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as a... , 1948–1950. United States Army Europe United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and the land component of United States European Command. It is the largest American formation in Europe.-Invasion of Sicily:... , 1952–1953. |
(1892–1962) | ||||
| 94 |
|
(1889–1971) | ||||
| 95 |
|
(1894–1980) | ||||
| 96 |
|
(1894–1966) | ||||
| 97 |
Sandia Base Sandia Base was, from 1946 to 1971, the principal nuclear weapons installation of the United States Department of Defense. It was located on the southeastern edge of Albuquerque, New Mexico... /Member, Military Liaison Committee, Atomic Energy Commission United States Atomic Energy Commission The United States Atomic Energy Commission was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S... , 1947–1948. |
(1896–1970) | ||||
| 98 |
Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe.... , 1948–1950. |
(1892–1992) Promoted to general, 31 Jul 1951. | ||||
| 99 |
|
(1893–1978) | ||||
| 100 |
|
(1890–1968) | ||||
| 101 |
National War College The National War College of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active. It was officially established on July 1, 1946, as an upgraded replacement for the... , 1949–1952. |
(1893–1976) | ||||
| 102 |
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe is the central command of NATO military forces. It is located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons... , 1951. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe is the central command of NATO military forces. It is located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons... , 1951–1953. |
(1899–1983) Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1951. | ||||
| 103 |
United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1949–1952. |
(1890–1971) | ||||
| 104 |
|
(1893–1955) | ||||
| 105 |
|
(1892–1962) | ||||
| 106 |
|
(1894–1984) | ||||
| 107 |
|
(1890–1974) | ||||
| 108 |
|
(1891–1983) | ||||
| 109 |
Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Occupation of Japan following World War II... /United Nations Command United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Far East Command Far East Command The Far East Command was a military regional division of the British military, United States military and Soviet Armed Forces* British Far East Command* United States Far East Command... , 1950–1951. |
(1892–1979) | ||||
| 110 |
United States Army Europe United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and the land component of United States European Command. It is the largest American formation in Europe.-Invasion of Sicily:... , 1953. |
(1895–1989) Promoted to general, 30 Jul 1953. | ||||
| 111 |
United States Army Europe United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and the land component of United States European Command. It is the largest American formation in Europe.-Invasion of Sicily:... , 1953–1955. |
(1894–1979) Promoted to general, 23 Oct 1953. | ||||
| 112 |
Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Occupation of Japan following World War II... /United Nations Command United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Far East Command Far East Command The Far East Command was a military regional division of the British military, United States military and Soviet Armed Forces* British Far East Command* United States Far East Command... , 1951–1952. United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Far East Command Far East Command The Far East Command was a military regional division of the British military, United States military and Soviet Armed Forces* British Far East Command* United States Far East Command... , 1952–1953. |
(1891–1961) | ||||
| 113 |
|
(1901–1987) Promoted to general, 23 Jun 1953. | ||||
| 114 |
Joint Forces Staff College The Joint Forces Staff College located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981. It educates and acculturates joint and multinational warfighters to plan and lead at the operational level... , 1951–1954. |
(1894–1969) | ||||
| 115 |
Chief of Engineers The Chief of Engineers commands the US Army Corps of Engineers. As a staff officer at The Pentagon, the Chief advises the Army on engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer and the proponent for real estate and other related engineering programs.... , 1949–1953. |
(1890–1956) | ||||
| 116 |
United States Army Europe United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and the land component of United States European Command. It is the largest American formation in Europe.-Invasion of Sicily:... , 1955–1956. |
(1898–1975) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1955. | ||||
| 117 |
Military Assistance Advisory Group Military Assistance Advisory Group is a designation for American military advisers sent to assist in the training of conventional armed forces of Third World countries. Before and during the Vietnam War, there were three of these groups operating in Southeast Asia... , 1954–1955. Military Assistance Advisory Group Military Assistance Advisory Group is a designation for American military advisers sent to assist in the training of conventional armed forces of Third World countries. Before and during the Vietnam War, there were three of these groups operating in Southeast Asia... , 1955. |
(1894–1975) | ||||
| 118 |
United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1952–1954. |
(1894–1962) | ||||
| 119 |
Allied Joint Force Command Naples Allied Joint Force Command Naples is a NATO military command. It was activated on 15 March 2004, after what was effectively a redesignation of its predecessor command, Allied Forces Southern Europe , originally formed in 1951... , 1952–1954. |
(1898–1969) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1956. | ||||
| 120 |
|
(1899–1973) Promoted to general, 1 May 1955. | ||||
| 121 |
|
(1902–1980) Promoted to general, 31 May 1956. | ||||
| 122 |
|
(1894–1983) | ||||
| 123 |
|
(1892–1978) | ||||
| 124 |
|
(1894–1976) | ||||
| 125 |
|
(1895–1964) | ||||
| 126 |
|
(1897–1981) | ||||
| 127 |
|
(1899–1988) Promoted to general, 25 Mar 1955. | ||||
| 128 |
U.S. Army Forces Far East USAFFE included the Philippine Department, Philippine Army , and the Far East Air Force. USAFFE Headquarters was created on July 26, 1941, at No.1, Calle Victoria, Manila, Luzon, the Philippines, with Major General MacArthur as commander. The Chief of Staff was Lieutenant General Richard K... , 1952–1953. United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Far East Command Far East Command The Far East Command was a military regional division of the British military, United States military and Soviet Armed Forces* British Far East Command* United States Far East Command... , 1953–1954. United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1954–1957. |
(1895–1987) | ||||
| 129 |
U.S. Army Forces Far East USAFFE included the Philippine Department, Philippine Army , and the Far East Air Force. USAFFE Headquarters was created on July 26, 1941, at No.1, Calle Victoria, Manila, Luzon, the Philippines, with Major General MacArthur as commander. The Chief of Staff was Lieutenant General Richard K... , 1953–1954. Allied Joint Force Command Naples Allied Joint Force Command Naples is a NATO military command. It was activated on 15 March 2004, after what was effectively a redesignation of its predecessor command, Allied Forces Southern Europe , originally formed in 1951... , 1954–1955. |
(1898–1983) | ||||
| 130 |
|
(1896–1975) | ||||
| 131 |
|
(1901–1990) Promoted to general, 22 Jun 1955. | ||||
| 132 |
|
(1894–1977) | ||||
| 133 |
Director of the National Security Agency The Director of the National Security Agency is the highest-ranking official in the National Security Agency, which is a Defense Agency within the U.S. Department of Defense. The Director of the NSA also concurrently serves as Chief of the Central Security Service and as Commander of U.S. Cyber... , 1952–1956. |
(1895–1969) | ||||
| 134 |
|
(1896–1975) Promoted to general, 18 Aug 1954. | ||||
| 135 |
|
(1901–1976) | ||||
| 136 |
|
(1901–1988) Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1958. | ||||
| 137 |
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe is the central command of NATO military forces. It is located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons... , 1953–1959. |
(1900–1993) Promoted to general, 18 May 1956. | ||||
| 138 |
|
(1896–1959) | ||||
| 139 |
|
(1896–1980) | ||||
| 140 |
U.S. Army Forces Far East USAFFE included the Philippine Department, Philippine Army , and the Far East Air Force. USAFFE Headquarters was created on July 26, 1941, at No.1, Calle Victoria, Manila, Luzon, the Philippines, with Major General MacArthur as commander. The Chief of Staff was Lieutenant General Richard K... , 1954. United States National Security Council The White House National Security Council in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the... , 1958–1961. |
(1898–1983) | ||||
| 141 |
Superintendents of the United States Military Academy The commanding officer of the United States Military Academy is its Superintendent. This position is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university. The officer appointed is by tradition a graduate of the United States Military Academy, commonly known as "West... , 1954–1956. |
(1900–1977) | ||||
| 142 |
United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Far East Command Far East Command The Far East Command was a military regional division of the British military, United States military and Soviet Armed Forces* British Far East Command* United States Far East Command... , 1954–1955. |
(1900–1988) Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1959. | ||||
| 143 |
Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff is a three-star officer who assists the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, who have been... , 1954–1955. Inter-American Defense Board The Inter-American Defense Board is an international committee of nationally appointed defense officials who develop collaborative approaches on common defense and security issues facing countries in North, Central, and South America... , 1959–1961. |
(1899–1970) | ||||
| 144 |
|
(1899–1962) Promoted to general, 1 Jun 1956. | ||||
| 145 |
|
(1898–1980) | ||||
| 146 |
|
(1900–1991) | ||||
| 147 |
|
(1894–1983) | ||||
| 148 |
|
(1895–1966) | ||||
| 149 |
|
(1895–1985) | ||||
| 150 |
|
(1899–1975) | ||||
| 151 |
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(1895–1975) | ||||
| 152 |
|
(1907–1990) | ||||
| 153 |
|
(1900–1964) | ||||
| 154 |
United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1956–1958. |
(1899–1958) Died in office. | ||||
| 155 |
Allied Joint Force Command Naples Allied Joint Force Command Naples is a NATO military command. It was activated on 15 March 2004, after what was effectively a redesignation of its predecessor command, Allied Forces Southern Europe , originally formed in 1951... , 1955–1957. |
(1900–1974) | ||||
| 156 |
Chief of Engineers The Chief of Engineers commands the US Army Corps of Engineers. As a staff officer at The Pentagon, the Chief advises the Army on engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer and the proponent for real estate and other related engineering programs.... , 1953–1956. |
(1897–1964) | ||||
| 157 |
NATO Defense College NATO Defense College is an international military college for North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries located in Rome, Italy.-History:... , 1955–1957. Office of the Secretary of Defense The Office of the Secretary of Defense is a headquarters-level staff of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. It is the principal civilian staff element of the Secretary of Defense, and it assists the Secretary in carrying out authority, direction and control of the Department... , 1957–1959. |
(1899–1973) | ||||
| 158 |
United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea United States Forces Korea United States Forces Korea refers to the ground, air and naval divisions of the United States armed forces stationed in South Korea.... /Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1957–1958. |
(1902–1999) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1959. | ||||
| 159 |
Military Assistance Advisory Group Military Assistance Advisory Group is a designation for American military advisers sent to assist in the training of conventional armed forces of Third World countries. Before and during the Vietnam War, there were three of these groups operating in Southeast Asia... , 1955–1960. |
(1897–1984) | ||||
| 160 |
|
(1902–1992) Promoted to general, 1 Apr 1959. | ||||
| 161 |
Office of the Secretary of Defense The Office of the Secretary of Defense is a headquarters-level staff of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. It is the principal civilian staff element of the Secretary of Defense, and it assists the Secretary in carrying out authority, direction and control of the Department... , 1955–1957. Office of the Secretary of Defense The Office of the Secretary of Defense is a headquarters-level staff of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. It is the principal civilian staff element of the Secretary of Defense, and it assists the Secretary in carrying out authority, direction and control of the Department... for National Security Council United States National Security Council The White House National Security Council in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the... Affairs, 1957–1958. United States Secretary of Defense The Secretary of Defense is the head and chief executive officer of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. This position corresponds to what is generally known as a Defense Minister in other countries... , 1958–1959. |
(1895–1984) | ||||
| 162 |
Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin... , 1956–1957. Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin... , 1957. Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin... , 1957–1958. |
(1902–1986) Promoted to general, 21 Apr 1960. | ||||
| 163 |
|
(1901–1973) | ||||
| 164 |
Selective Service System The Selective Service System is a means by which the United States government maintains information on those potentially subject to military conscription. Most male U.S. citizens and male immigrant non-citizens between the ages of 18 and 25 are required by law to have registered within 30 days of... , 1936–1970. |
(1893–1977) Promoted to general on the retired list, 23 Dec 1969. | ||||
| 165 |
United States Army, Japan United States Army, Japan consists of about 2,000 soldiers and is charged, during peacetime, with operating port facilities and a series of logistics installations throughout Honshū and Okinawa. USARJ participates actively with the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in bilateral training exercises... /Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea United States Forces Korea United States Forces Korea refers to the ground, air and naval divisions of the United States armed forces stationed in South Korea.... /Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1958. United Nations Command (Korea) The United Nations Command is the unified command structure for the multinational military forces supporting the Republic of Korea during and after the Korean War... /Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea United States Forces Korea United States Forces Korea refers to the ground, air and naval divisions of the United States armed forces stationed in South Korea.... /Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1958–1960. |
(1902–1986) | ||||
| 166 |
Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President on military matters... for National Security Council United States National Security Council The White House National Security Council in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the... Affairs, 1955–1957. |
(1900–1981) | ||||
| 167 |
|
(1898–1967) | ||||
| 168 |
United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1958–1960. |
(1903–1992) | ||||
| * | (none) |
|
(1889–1968) | |||
| 169 |
|
(1902–1991) | ||||
| 170 |
|
(1897–1969) | ||||
| 171 |
Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin... , 1958–1961. |
(1902–1993) | ||||
| 172 |
Superintendents of the United States Military Academy The commanding officer of the United States Military Academy is its Superintendent. This position is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university. The officer appointed is by tradition a graduate of the United States Military Academy, commonly known as "West... , 1956–1960. |
(1904–1992) | ||||
| 173 |
|
(1900–1993) | ||||
| 174 |
|
(1901–1976) | ||||
| 175 |
Allied Joint Force Command Naples Allied Joint Force Command Naples is a NATO military command. It was activated on 15 March 2004, after what was effectively a redesignation of its predecessor command, Allied Forces Southern Europe , originally formed in 1951... , 1957–1960. |
(1904–1987) Promoted to general, 2 Jan 1962. | ||||
| 176 |
|
(1902–2002) | ||||
| 177 |
|
(1905–1989) Promoted to general, 1 Apr 1961. | ||||
| 178 |
|
(1903–1998) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1960. | ||||
| 179 |
|
(1903–1982) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1960. | ||||
| 180 |
|
(1899–1984) | ||||
| 181 |
National War College The National War College of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active. It was officially established on July 1, 1946, as an upgraded replacement for the... , 1958–1961. |
(1902–1973) | ||||
| 182 |
|
(1901–1967) | ||||
| 183 |
|
(1903–1968) Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1961. | ||||
| 184 |
|
(1906–1987) Promoted to general, 3 Oct 1961. | ||||
| 185 |
|
(1904–1993) | ||||
| 186 |
Chief of Engineers The Chief of Engineers commands the US Army Corps of Engineers. As a staff officer at The Pentagon, the Chief advises the Army on engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer and the proponent for real estate and other related engineering programs.... , 1956–1961. |
(1903–1991) | ||||
| 187 |
|
(1904–1990) | ||||
| 188 |
United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command... , 1960–1961. |
(1905–1965) | ||||
| 189 |
|
(1902–1983) | ||||
| 190 |
|
(1906–1982) | ||||
Timeline
An officer held the active-duty grade of lieutenant general (Lt.gen.Lieutenant General (United States)
In the United States Army, the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps, lieutenant general is a three-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-9. Lieutenant general ranks above major general and below general...
) in the U.S. Army until his death; retirement; resignation; reversion to lower permanent grade upon vacating a position carrying the ex-officio rank; promotion to a higher grade such as general (Gen.
General (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, general is a four-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-10. General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force; the Marine Corps does not have an...
) or general of the Army (Gen.Army
General of the Army (United States)
General of the Army is a five-star general officer and is the second highest possible rank in the United States Army. A special rank of General of the Armies, which ranks above General of the Army, does exist but has only been conferred twice in the history of the Army...
); or transfer to the U.S. Air Force (USAF
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
). A brevet lieutenant general (Bvt.lt.gen.
Lieutenant General (United States)
In the United States Army, the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps, lieutenant general is a three-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-9. Lieutenant general ranks above major general and below general...
) remained in the grade of major general. Grades in the Continental Army (CA
Continental Army
The Continental Army was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in...
) did not carry over into the U.S. Army.
Quasi-War
John Adams
John Adams was an American lawyer, statesman, diplomat and political theorist. A leading champion of independence in 1776, he was the second President of the United States...
commissioned George Washington
George Washington
George Washington was the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of...
in that grade to command the armies of the United States during the Quasi-War
Quasi-War
The Quasi-War was an undeclared war fought mostly at sea between the United States and French Republic from 1798 to 1800. In the United States, the conflict was sometimes also referred to as the Franco-American War, the Pirate Wars, or the Half-War.-Background:The Kingdom of France had been a...
with France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. The next year, Congress replaced the office of lieutenant general with that of General of the Armies of the United States but Washington died before accepting the new commission, remaining a lieutenant general until posthumously promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.
Mexican War
Winfield Scott
Winfield Scott was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852....
by authorizing his promotion to brevet
Brevet (military)
In many of the world's military establishments, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank except when actually serving in that role. An officer so promoted may be referred to as being...
lieutenant general, to rank from March 29, 1847, the date of the Mexican surrender at the Siege of Veracruz
Siege of Veracruz
The Battle of Veracruz was a 20-day siege of the key Mexican beachhead seaport of Veracruz, during the Mexican-American War. Lasting from 9-29 March 1847, it began with the first large-scale amphibious assault conducted by United States military forces, and ended with the surrender and occupation...
. As a lieutenant general only by brevet, Scott remained in the permanent grade of major general but was entitled to be paid as a lieutenant general from the date of his brevet commission, resulting in a public tussle with Secretary of War
United States Secretary of War
The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation...
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Finis Davis , also known as Jeff Davis, was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as President for its entire history. He was born in Kentucky to Samuel and Jane Davis...
over the amount of backpay Scott was owed. Congress resolved all issues in Scott's favor once Davis left office in 1857, and allowed Scott to retire at full pay in 1861.
Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and...
to promote Major General Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America...
to command the armies of the United States during the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
. After the war, Grant was promoted to general and his vacant lieutenant general grade was filled by Major General William T. Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War , for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched...
. When Grant became President in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general and Major General Philip H. Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. Congress suspended further promotions to general and lieutenant general in 1870, but made an exception in 1888 to promote Sheridan on his deathbed by discontinuing the grade of lieutenant general and merging it with the grade of general.
In 1895 Congress briefly revived the grade of lieutenant general to promote Sheridan's successor as commanding general of the Army, Major General John M. Schofield. Schofield had lobbied for the grade to be permanently reestablished in order to cement the primacy of all future commanding generals over the Army's other major generals. However, Congress regarded the lieutenant generalcy as the penultimate military accolade, second only to promotion to full general, and refused to devalue the title's significance by conferring it on any future commanding general less eminent than previous recipients. Instead, Schofield himself was promoted to lieutenant general as a one-time personal honor eight months before he retired. In retirement Schofield argued that the rank of lieutenant general ought to be permanently associated with the office of commanding general, not the individual officers occupying it, and that an officer serving as commanding general should hold the ex-officio rank of lieutenant general while so detailed but revert to his permanent grade of major general upon leaving office. Over the next five decades, Schofield's concept of lieutenant general as temporary ex-officio rank would slowly prevail over the concept of lieutenant general as permanent personal grade.
Spanish-American War
Line officer
In the United States armed forces, the term line officer or officer of the line refers to an officer who is trained for command — that is, to be the commanding officer of a warship, ground combat unit, combat aviation unit, or combat support unit....
of the Army, whose officers commanded combat formations, and its staff, whose officers performed specialized support functions. Permanent personal promotions to general officer grades were only available in the line, but staff officers could temporarily acquire general officer rank while detailed to an office bearing that statutory rank, so officers holding the permanent grade of general officer were called general officers of the line and ex-officio general officers were called general officers of the staff.
Nelson A. Miles
Nelson Appleton Miles was a United States soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War.-Early life:Miles was born in Westminster, Massachusetts, on his family's farm...
, was made a lieutenant general of the staff by an amendment to the United States Military Academy
United States Military Academy
The United States Military Academy at West Point is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located at West Point, New York. The academy sits on scenic high ground overlooking the Hudson River, north of New York City...
appropriations bill that granted the rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army. Eight months later, the 1901 Army reorganization bill replaced this ex-officio rank with the permanent grade of lieutenant general of the line. When Miles retired in 1903, the senior major general was Adjutant General
Adjutant general
An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer.-Imperial Russia:In Imperial Russia, the General-Adjutant was a Court officer, who was usually an army general. He served as a personal aide to the Tsar and hence was a member of the H. I. M. Retinue...
Henry C. Corbin
Henry Clarke Corbin
Henry Clark Corbin was an officer in the United States Army who served as Adjutant General of the U.S. Army from 1898 to 1904.-Life and career:...
, but as a staff corps officer Corbin was ineligible to command the Army, so the lieutenant generalcy went instead to the senior major general of the line, Samuel B. M. Young
Samuel Baldwin Marks Young
Samuel Baldwin Marks Young was a United States Army general. He also served as the first president of Army War College between 1902 and 1903. He then served from 1903 until 1904 as the first Chief of Staff of the United States Army.-Biography:Young was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to John...
. Young reached the statutory retirement age five months later and was succeeded by Adna R. Chaffee. Seniority and scheduled retirements suggested that Chaffee would be succeeded in 1906 by Arthur MacArthur Jr.
Arthur MacArthur, Jr.
Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. , was a United States Army General. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft...
, but both Corbin and Major General John C. Bates
John C. Bates
John Coalter Bates was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from January to April 1906. He was the last American Civil War veteran still on active duty in the United States military at the time of his retirement....
were scheduled to retire for age that year and it was decided that MacArthur's ascension would not be materially delayed by first promoting Bates and Corbin to lieutenant general for the few months of active duty remaining to them.
Corbin's promotion became controversial when he declined to be detailed as chief of staff of the Army
Chief of Staff of the United States Army
The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in...
. Corbin felt the chief of staff should be a younger officer with the time and energy to enact a long-range program, not a superannuated placeholder on the cusp of retirement, so when Bates retired Corbin became lieutenant general but Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell
J. Franklin Bell
James Franklin Bell was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1906 to 1910.Bell was a major-general in the Regular United States Army, commanding the Department of the East, with headquarters at Governors Island, New York at the time of his death in 1919...
became chief of staff. However, by divorcing the Army's highest grade from its highest office, Corbin had again reduced the lieutenant generalcy to a personal honor. Many in Congress believed Corbin was not in the same class as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Schofield, and pressed to abolish the lieutenant generalcy immediately, but after a heated debate MacArthur's supporters managed to preserve the grade until after MacArthur's promotion.
MacArthur was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1906. Since he was the last Civil War officer expected to succeed to the grade, Congress stopped further promotions to lieutenant general in March 1907 and stated that the active-duty grade would be abolished when MacArthur retired. Later that month, MacArthur asked to be relieved of his duties, disgruntled at his anomalous position of being the ranking officer of the Army yet consigned to the command of a mere division and subject to orders from an officer he outranked, Chief of Staff Bell, whose four-year term extended beyond MacArthur's statutory retirement date. MacArthur returned home to Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the...
, where he marked time writing up travel reports until he retired in 1909.
World War I
In October 1917, Congress authorized the President to appoint as generals the chief of staff of the ArmyChief of Staff of the United States Army
The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in...
and the commander of the United States forces in France
American Expeditionary Force
The American Expeditionary Forces or AEF were the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside British and French allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces...
, and as lieutenant generals the commanders of the field armies
Field army
A Field Army, or Area Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national military forces for a military formation superior to a corps and beneath an army group....
and army corps
Corps
A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service...
, so that they would not be outranked by their counterparts in allied European armies. Unlike previous incarnations, these new grades were time-limited, authorized only for the duration of the World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
emergency, after which their bearers would revert to their lower permanent grades. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force
American Expeditionary Force
The American Expeditionary Forces or AEF were the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside British and French allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces...
, Major General John J. Pershing
John J. Pershing
John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB , was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I...
, was immediately appointed emergency general, as were two successive Army chiefs of staff, but no emergency lieutenant generals were named for over a year because the armies they would command had not yet been organized.
On October 21, 1918, Major Generals Hunter Liggett
Hunter Liggett
Hunter Liggett was a lieutenant general of the United States Army. His forty-two years of service spanned the period from the Indian campaigns to trench warfare.-Biography:...
, commander of the First Army, and Robert L. Bullard, commander of the Second Army, were nominated to be emergency lieutenant generals, less than three weeks before the Armistice
Armistice
An armistice is a situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, but may be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace...
. With victory imminent, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker
Newton D. Baker
Newton Diehl Baker, Jr. was an American politician who belonged to the Democratic Party. He served as the 37th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1912 to 1915 and as U.S. Secretary of War from 1916 to 1921.-Early years:...
sought legislation to reward the Army's high commanders by making their emergency grades permanent. However, Army Chief of Staff Peyton C. March
Peyton C. March
Peyton Conway March was an American soldier and Army Chief of Staff.March was the son of Francis Andrew March, considered the principal founder of modern comparative linguistics in Anglo-Saxon and one of the first professors to advocate and teach English in colleges and universities...
had alienated many members of Congress by unilaterally reorganizing the Army without their input and his enemies blocked every effort to honor any officer but Pershing with higher rank. In the end, Pershing was promoted to permanent General of the Armies, but March, Liggett, and Bullard reverted to their permanent grades of major general when their emergency grades expired on July 1, 1920.
Joseph T. Dickman
Joseph Theodore Dickman was born in Dayton, Ohio. He attended the University of Dayton and graduated in the class of 1871. In 1881 he graduated from the U.S...
, Leonard Wood
Leonard Wood
Leonard Wood was a physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines. Early in his military career, he received the Medal of Honor. Wood also holds officer service #2 in the Regular Army...
, John F. Morrison, James G. Harbord, James W. McAndrew, Henry P. McCain, Charles P. Summerall, Ernest Hinds, Harry F. Hodges, William Campbell Langfitt
William Campbell Langfitt
William Campbell Langfitt was a Major General in the United States Army.-Biography:...
, and George W. Goethals
George Washington Goethals
George Washington Goethals was a United States Army officer and civil engineer, best known for his supervision of construction and the opening of the Panama Canal...
; Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland
Merritte W. Ireland
Merritte Weber Ireland was the 23rd U.S. Army Surgeon General, serving in that capacity from October 4, 1918 to May 31, 1931,...
; and Colonel William L. Kenly
William L. Kenly
William Lacy Kenly was a Major General in the United States Army. During World War I, he was a leader of a progenitor of the United States Air Force, the United States Army Air Service...
. Finally, on August 7, 1929, the Army chief of engineers
Chief of Engineers
The Chief of Engineers commands the US Army Corps of Engineers. As a staff officer at The Pentagon, the Chief advises the Army on engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer and the proponent for real estate and other related engineering programs....
, Major General Edgar Jadwin
Edgar Jadwin
Edgar Jadwin, C.E. was a U.S. Army officer who fought in the Spanish-American War and World War I, before serving as Chief of Engineers from 1926 to 1929.-Early Life:...
, was retired as a lieutenant general by a 1915 law that automatically promoted officers one grade upon retirement if they had helped build the Panama Canal
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is a ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. Built from 1904 to 1914, the canal has seen annual traffic rise from about 1,000 ships early on to 14,702 vessels measuring a total of 309.6...
. There was some consternation that a peacetime staff corps officer had secured more or less by chance a promotion deliberately withheld from the victorious field commanders of World War I, so the year after Jadwin's promotion all World War I officers were advanced to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list, including Liggett and Bullard.
In 1942, Congress allowed retired Army generals to be advanced one grade on the retired list or posthumously if they had been recommended in writing during World War I for promotion to a higher rank which they had not since received, provided they had also been awarded the Medal of Honor
Medal of Honor
The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed by the President, in the name of Congress, upon members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves through "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her...
, the Distinguished Service Cross
Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Service Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Army, for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree...
, or the Distinguished Service Medal; retired Major Generals James G. Harbord and William M. Wright were both advanced to lieutenant general under this provision.
Interwar
Chief of Naval Operations
The Chief of Naval Operations is a statutory office held by a four-star admiral in the United States Navy, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Navy. The office is a military adviser and deputy to the Secretary of the Navy...
, so in 1929 Congress raised the ex-officio rank of the Army chief of staff to full general. In 1939 Congress also assigned the ex-officio rank of lieutenant general to the major generals of the Regular Army specifically assigned to command each of the four field armies
Field army
A Field Army, or Area Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national military forces for a military formation superior to a corps and beneath an army group....
, allowing President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt , also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war...
to appoint the first new active-duty lieutenant generals since World War I: First Army commander Hugh A. Drum, Second Army commander Stanley H. Ford
Stanley H. Ford
Stanley Hamer Ford was a United States Army General. He was prominent as commander of the Philippine Department, 1st Infantry Division, VII Corps, VI Corps, and the Second United States Army.-Early life:Ford was born on January 30, 1877 in Columbus, Ohio...
, Third Army commander Stanley D. Embick
Stanley Dunbar Embick
Stanley Dunbar Embick was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army.Embick was born in Greencastle, Franklin County, Pennsylvania on January 22, 1877. He attended Dickinson College before enrolling at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York, from which he graduated in 1899...
, and Fourth Army commander Albert J. Bowley
Albert Jesse Bowley, Sr.
Albert Jesse Bowley, Sr. was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army. He was the son of Freeman S. Bowley, who served in the Civil War as a First Lieutenant with the 30th United States Colored Troops....
. Congress extended similar rank in July 1940 to the major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.
As general officers of the staff, these new lieutenant generals bore three-star rank only while actually commanding a field army or department, and reverted to their permanent two-star rank upon being reassigned or retired. However, during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
most lieutenant generals of the staff received concurrent personal appointments as temporary lieutenant generals in the Army of the United States
Army of the United States
The Army of the United States is the official name for the conscription force of the United States Army that may be raised at the discretion of the United States Congress in the event of the United States entering into a major armed conflict...
so that they could be reassigned without loss of rank. Postwar legislation allowed officers to retire in their highest temporary grades, so most lieutenant generals of the staff eventually retired at that rank. Of the lieutenant generals of the staff who were never appointed temporary lieutenant generals, Albert J. Bowley
Albert Jesse Bowley, Sr.
Albert Jesse Bowley, Sr. was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army. He was the son of Freeman S. Bowley, who served in the Civil War as a First Lieutenant with the 30th United States Colored Troops....
, Stanley H. Ford
Stanley H. Ford
Stanley Hamer Ford was a United States Army General. He was prominent as commander of the Philippine Department, 1st Infantry Division, VII Corps, VI Corps, and the Second United States Army.-Early life:Ford was born on January 30, 1877 in Columbus, Ohio...
, Charles D. Herron
Charles D. Herron
Charles Douglas Herron was a general in the United States Army.-Early career:Herron was born in Crawfordsville, Indiana on March 13, 1877...
, Daniel Van Voorhis
Daniel Van Voorhis
Daniel Van Voorhis was a United States Army Lieutenant General and was noteworthy for his assignments as commander of V Corps and the Caribbean Defense Command, as well as his efforts in creating the Army's modern Armor branch.-Early life:...
, Herbert J. Brees
Herbert J. Brees
Herbert Jay Brees was a lieutenant general in the United States Army.-Early military career:Brees was born in Laramie, Wyoming on June 12, 1877. He graduated from the University of Wyoming with a BS in 1897 and earned his L.L.D in 1939....
, and Walter C. Short retired as major generals upon reaching the statutory retirement age; and Lloyd R. Fredendall qualified to retire in grade due to physical disability incurred during his term as lieutenant general. After the war, Brees and Short both applied to be advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list under a 1948 law; Brees was promoted but the administration specifically declined to advance Short, who had been relieved of command of the Hawaiian Department a few days after the defeat at Pearl Harbor
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941...
.
World War II
In September 1940, Congress authorized the President to appoint Regular Army officers to temporary higher grades in the Army of the United StatesArmy of the United States
The Army of the United States is the official name for the conscription force of the United States Army that may be raised at the discretion of the United States Congress in the event of the United States entering into a major armed conflict...
during time of war or national emergency. The first temporary lieutenant general appointed under this authority was Major General Delos C. Emmons
Delos Carleton Emmons
-Biography:He was born on January 17, 1889 in Huntington, West Virginia. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in June 1909 and was commissioned an infantry second lieutenant. Emmons was assigned as commanding officer of Company B, 30th Infantry Regiment at the Presidio of San...
, Commander, General Headquarters Air Force; followed by Major General Lesley J. McNair
Lesley J. McNair
General Lesley James McNair was an American Army officer who served during World War I and World War II. He was killed by friendly fire when a USAAF Eighth Air Force bomb landed in his foxhole near Saint-Lô during Operation Cobra as part of the Battle of Normandy.McNair, Frank Maxwell Andrews and...
, Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army
Army Ground Forces
The Army Ground Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Service Forces. Throughout their existence, Army Ground Forces were the largest training organization ever established in the United...
. In July 1941, retired four-star general Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the...
was recalled to active duty and appointed temporary lieutenant general as Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East.
Dozens of officers were promoted to temporary lieutenant general during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Lieutenant generals typically commanded one of the numbered field armies
Field army
A Field Army, or Area Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national military forces for a military formation superior to a corps and beneath an army group....
or air forces; served as deputy theater commanders; or headed major headquarters staffs, administrative commands, or support organizations. Officers were only allowed to retire in their temporary grades if they were retired due to disability incurred in the line of duty, but those compelled by good health to retire in a lower grade were eventually restored to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list.
Subject to Senate approval, anyone could be appointed temporary lieutenant general, even a civilian. In January 1942, the outgoing Director General of the Office of Production Management
War Production Board
The War Production Board was established as a government agency on January 16, 1942 by executive order of Franklin D. Roosevelt.The purpose of the board was to regulate the production and allocation of materials and fuel during World War II in the United States...
, William S. Knudsen
William S. Knudsen
William Signius Knudsen was a leading automotive industry executive. His experience and success as a key senior manager in the operations sides of Ford Motor Company and later General Motors led the Franklin Roosevelt Administration to commission him as a Lieutenant General in the United States...
, was commissioned temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, the only civilian ever to join the Army at such a high initial rank.
Postwar
The modern office of lieutenant general was established by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, which authorized the President to designate certain positions of importance and responsibility to carry the ex-officio rank of general or lieutenant general, to be filled by officers holding the permanent or temporary grade of major general or higher. Officers could retire in their highest active-duty rank, subject to Senate approval. The total number of positions allowed to carry such rank was capped at 15 percent of the total number of general officers, which worked out initially to nine generals and thirty-five lieutenant generals, of whom four generals and seventeen lieutenant generals were required to be in the Air CorpsUnited States Army Air Corps
The United States Army Air Corps was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. Renamed from the Air Service on 2 July 1926, it was part of the United States Army and the predecessor of the United States Army Air Forces , established in 1941...
. All Air Corps personnel were transferred in grade to the United States Air Force
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
by the National Security Act of 1947
National Security Act of 1947
The National Security Act of 1947 was signed by United States President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1947, and realigned and reorganized the U.S. Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II...
.
Lieutenant generals typically headed divisions of the General Staff in Washington, D.C.; field armies in Europe, Japan, and the continental United States; the Army command in the Pacific; the unified command in the Caribbean
United States Southern Command
The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command...
; the occupation force in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
; and senior educational institutions such as the National War College
National War College
The National War College of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active. It was officially established on July 1, 1946, as an upgraded replacement for the...
, the Army War College, and the Armed Forces Staff College
Joint Forces Staff College
The Joint Forces Staff College located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981. It educates and acculturates joint and multinational warfighters to plan and lead at the operational level...
. During the Korean War
Korean War
The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union...
, the commanding general of the Eighth Army was elevated to full general, and the Eighth Army deputy commanding general and subordinate corps commanders were elevated to lieutenant general.
By mid-1952, the number of active-duty general officers had swelled to nearly twice its World War II peak. In response, Congress enacted the Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, which tied the maximum number of generals to the total number of officers. However, the real limit was the so-called Stennis ceiling imposed by Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis
John C. Stennis
John Cornelius Stennis was a U.S. Senator from the state of Mississippi. He was a Democrat who served in the Senate for over 41 years, becoming its most senior member by his retirement.- Early life :...
, whose Senate Armed Services Committee
United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
The Committee on Armed Services is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nation's military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy , benefits for members of the military, the Selective Service System and...
refused to confirm general or flag officer nominations beyond what he considered to be a reasonable total, which typically was much lower than the statutory limit. The Stennis ceiling remained in effect from the mid-1950s until the post-Vietnam War
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
drawdown.
Unlike the temporary general and flag officer ranks of World War II, the 1947 ranks were attached to offices, not individuals, and were lost if an officer was reassigned to a lesser job. Army generals almost always preferred to retire rather than revert to a lower permanent grade. A rare exception was Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel
John W. O'Daniel
John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel was a United States Army general, best known for commanding the Third Infantry Division in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, and Southern France during World War II. He is also known for being the commanding officer of Audie Murphy.O’Daniel was an athlete, a teacher, a...
, who temporarily relinquished his third star upon becoming chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group
Military Assistance Advisory Group
Military Assistance Advisory Group is a designation for American military advisers sent to assist in the training of conventional armed forces of Third World countries. Before and during the Vietnam War, there were three of these groups operating in Southeast Asia...
in French Indochina
French Indochina
French Indochina was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin , Annam , and Cochinchina , as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
so that he would not outrank the theater commander in chief, French lieutenant general
Général de corps d'armée
A Général de corps d'armée is a senior rank in the French Army.The rank is the equivalent of a Lieutenant General in other countries and is junior to the rank of Général d'armée and senior to Général de division...
Henri Navarre
Henri Navarre
Henri Eugène Navarre was a French Army general. He fought during World War I, World War II and was the seventh commander of French Far East Expeditionary Corps during the First Indochina War...
. O'Daniel got his star back five months later when France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
withdrew from Indochina following Navarre's defeat at Dien Bien Phu
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries. The battle occurred between March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat that...
.
Legislative history
The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of CongressAct of Congress
An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by government with a legislature named "Congress," such as the United States Congress or the Congress of the Philippines....
pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army before 1960.
Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large
United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress...
, and a summary of the act's relevance.
| Legislation | Citation | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| Act of May 28, 1798 | Authorized one grade of lieutenant general (George Washington George Washington George Washington was the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of... ). |
|
| Act of March 3, 1799 | Terminated grade of lieutenant general upon the appointment of a "general of the armies of the United States." | |
| Joint Resolution No. 9 of February 15, 1855 | Authorized grade of lieutenant general to be specially conferred once by brevet to acknowledge eminent services of a major general of the Army during the Mexican War (Winfield Scott Winfield Scott Winfield Scott was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852.... ). |
|
| Act of August 3, 1861 | Authorized the brevet lieutenant general to retire for disability at full pay. | |
| Act of February 29, 1864 | Authorized one grade of lieutenant general (Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America... , William T. Sherman, Philip H. Sheridan). |
|
| Act of July 15, 1870 | Terminated grade of lieutenant general at next vacancy. | |
| Act of June 1, 1888 | Terminated grade of lieutenant general and merged with grade of general (Philip H. Sheridan). | |
| Joint Resolution No. 9 of February 5, 1895 | Authorized grade of lieutenant general to be specially conferred once to acknowledge distinguished services of a major general of the Army (John M. Schofield). | |
| Act of June 6, 1900 | Assigned ex-officio rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army (Nelson A. Miles Nelson A. Miles Nelson Appleton Miles was a United States soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War.-Early life:Miles was born in Westminster, Massachusetts, on his family's farm... ). |
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| Act of February 2, 1901 | Authorized one grade of lieutenant general (Nelson A. Miles Nelson A. Miles Nelson Appleton Miles was a United States soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War.-Early life:Miles was born in Westminster, Massachusetts, on his family's farm... , Samuel B. M. Young Samuel Baldwin Marks Young Samuel Baldwin Marks Young was a United States Army general. He also served as the first president of Army War College between 1902 and 1903. He then served from 1903 until 1904 as the first Chief of Staff of the United States Army.-Biography:Young was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to John... , Adna R. Chaffee, Henry C. Corbin Henry Clarke Corbin Henry Clark Corbin was an officer in the United States Army who served as Adjutant General of the U.S. Army from 1898 to 1904.-Life and career:... , John C. Bates John C. Bates John Coalter Bates was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from January to April 1906. He was the last American Civil War veteran still on active duty in the United States military at the time of his retirement.... , Arthur MacArthur Jr. Arthur MacArthur, Jr. Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. , was a United States Army General. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft... ). |
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| Act of March 2, 1907 | Terminated grade of lieutenant general at next vacancy, except on retired list. | |
| Act of March 4, 1915 | Authorized one-grade promotion upon retirement of any officer detailed for more than three years in Panama with the Isthmian Canal Commission, if not otherwise promoted by this Act (Edgar Jadwin Edgar Jadwin Edgar Jadwin, C.E. was a U.S. Army officer who fought in the Spanish-American War and World War I, before serving as Chief of Engineers from 1926 to 1929.-Early Life:... ). |
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| Act of October 6, 1917 | Authorized emergency grade of lieutenant general for each commander of an army or army corps during the World War I emergency (Hunter Liggett Hunter Liggett Hunter Liggett was a lieutenant general of the United States Army. His forty-two years of service spanned the period from the Indian campaigns to trench warfare.-Biography:... , Robert L. Bullard). |
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| Act of June 4, 1920 | Terminated all emergency grades. | |
| Act of June 21, 1930 | Authorized promotion on the retired list to highest grade held during World War I (Hunter Liggett Hunter Liggett Hunter Liggett was a lieutenant general of the United States Army. His forty-two years of service spanned the period from the Indian campaigns to trench warfare.-Biography:... , Robert L. Bullard). |
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| Act of August 5, 1939 | Assigned ex-officio rank of lieutenant general to major generals commanding the four armies of the United States. | |
| Act of July 31, 1940 | Assigned ex-officio rank of lieutenant general to major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments. | |
| Act of September 22, 1941 | Authorized temporary general officer grades in the Army of the United States during the World War II emergency. | |
| Act of July 9, 1942 | Authorized one-grade promotion on the retired list or posthumously of general officers who, for services rendered during World War I, were recommended in writing for promotion to increased rank not since received, and who also received the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, or Distinguished Service Medal (James G. Harbord, William M. Wright). | |
| Act of June 29, 1943 |
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| Act of July 26, 1947
[National Security Act of 1947] |
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| Act of August 7, 1947
[Officer Personnel Act of 1947] |
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| Act of June 24, 1948
[Private Law 80-394-A] |
Authorized promotion of Leslie R. Groves to lieutenant general on the retired list, with retired pay of a major general and honorary date of rank as lieutenant general from July 16, 1945. | |
| Act of June 29, 1948 [Army and Air Force Vitalization and Retirement Equalization Act of 1948] |
Authorized promotion on the retired list of Regular Army and Regular Air Force officers to the highest temporary grades in which they served satisfactorily for at least six months between September 6, 1940, and June 30, 1946 (Herbert J. Brees Herbert J. Brees Herbert Jay Brees was a lieutenant general in the United States Army.-Early military career:Brees was born in Laramie, Wyoming on June 12, 1877. He graduated from the University of Wyoming with a BS in 1897 and earned his L.L.D in 1939.... , George H. Brett George Brett (military) George Howard Brett was a United States Army Air Forces General during World War II. An Early Bird of Aviation, Brett served as a staff officer in World War I... , Ira C. Eaker, Harold L. George Harold L. George Harold Lee George was an American aviation pioneer who helped shape and promote the concept of daylight precision bombing... ). |
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| Act of October 12, 1949 [Career Compensation Act of 1949] |
Established pay grade O-8 for general, lieutenant general, and major general. | |
| Joint Resolution of January 2, 1951 [Private Law 81-1083] |
Authorized posthumous promotion of Walton H. Walker to general. | |
| Act of May 5, 1954 [Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954] |
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| Act of July 19, 1954 | Authorized promotion to general on the retired list or posthumously of any officer who, while a lieutenant general, was:
Lesley J. McNair General Lesley James McNair was an American Army officer who served during World War I and World War II. He was killed by friendly fire when a USAAF Eighth Air Force bomb landed in his foxhole near Saint-Lô during Operation Cobra as part of the Battle of Normandy.McNair, Frank Maxwell Andrews and... , Ben Lear Ben Lear Benjamin Lear was a United States Army General.Ben Lear was born in Hamilton, Ontario on May 12, 1879. His military service began in 1898, when he enlisted with the 1st Colorado Infantry, USV, for the Spanish-American War as a First Sergeant... ); Leonard T. Gerow Leonard Townsend Gerow was a United States Army general.-Early life:Gerow was born in Petersburg, Virginia. The name Gerow is derived from the French name "Giraud". Gerow attended high school in Petersburg and then attended the Virginia Military Institute. He was three times elected class... , William H. Simpson, Alexander M. Patch); Robert L. Eichelberger Robert Lawrence Eichelberger was a general in the United States Army, who commanded the US Eighth Army in the South West Pacific Area during World War II. His Army was among the very first to engage the Japanese in the Pacific Theater of Operations.-Pre-World War II service:Eichelberger was born... , Simon B. Buckner Jr. Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. was an American lieutenant general during World War II. He served in the Pacific Theater of Operations and commanded the defenses of Alaska early in the war. After that assignment, he was promoted to command 10th Army, which conducted the amphibious assault on... ); John L. DeWitt John Lesesne DeWitt was a general in the United States Army, best known for his vocal support of the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II.... ). |
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| Act of August 7, 1956
[Private Law 84-892] |
Authorized promotion of Hanford MacNider Hanford MacNider Hanford “Jack” MacNider was a United States diplomat and United States Army General, serving in both World War I and World War II. He was a Scottish Rite Freemason.-Biography:... to lieutenant general on the retired list. |
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| Act of May 20, 1958 | Established pay grade O-9 for lieutenant general. | |
See also
- Lieutenant general (United States)Lieutenant General (United States)In the United States Army, the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps, lieutenant general is a three-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-9. Lieutenant general ranks above major general and below general...
- General officers in the United States
- List of American Civil War generals
- List of United States Army four-star generals
- List of major generals in the United States Regular Army before July 1, 1920