LB&SCR D1 class
Encyclopedia
The LB&SCR D1 class were powerful 0-4-2
suburban passenger tank locomotives, designed by William Stroudley
of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1873. They were originally known as "D-tanks" but later reclassified as class D1. Members of this very successful class survived in service until 1951.
"Terriers" which had been introduced in 1872. They had larger 5' 6" coupled wheels and a 140 psi (965.3 kPa) boiler pressure. Between November 1873 and March 1887, 125 locomotives of the class were built, 90 of which at Brighton railway works
and the remainder by Neilson & Co. After 1883, new locomotives were given boilers with 150 psi (1,034.2 kPa) pressure, and in 1892 following Stroudley's death, the boiler pressure for replacement boilers was raised to 160 psi (1,103.2 kPa).
's D3 class
0-4-4
tank engines in the mid 1890s. Thereafter they were used on a variety of secondary passenger, and occasionally freight services throughout the railway. The first locomotive was withdrawn in December 1903, but many of the locomotives were still in good condition and popular with the engine crews. Douglas Earle Marsh
therefore sought to rebuild six examples in 1910 with a larger boiler and cylinders. These locomotives were known as D1X class, but although they were more powerful than the originals, they were found to be unsteady at speed and so no further rebuilds were authorised.
of the railways of southern England to form the Southern Railway
. The class continued to find useful work on secondary services throughout the new railway, often in preference to far newer locomotives. During the Second World War six surviving examples were loaned to the London Midland and Scottish Railway and served in the north of Scotland. Nine examples were fitted with water pumps and firefighting equipment and were stationed at the major motive power depot
s in London to deal with incendiary bomb attacks.
in December 1951 and no examples have been preserved.
in Lancashire
acquired number 2357 from the Southern Railway at a cost of £750. It was renamed James Fryers in honour of the Chairman of the Hospital Management Committee. Serious boiler defects in 1956 curtailed its working career and the engine was scrapped that year when it proved beyond economic repair. At that time, it was the sole surviving member of its class.
.
Stroudley produced a tender locomotive version of the design for secondary passenger duties which was later classified D2
, and then went on to build express passenger versions of the 'Richmond'
and B1
classes. Likewise, Billinton extended the design to create his D3
passenger tanks.
During the 1870s Drummond built six 0-4-2 tank locomotives that were almost identical for the North British Railway
after 1875. He too extended the design to produce the first of his several successful 0-4-4T designs for the North British and Caledonian Railway
. Durmmond's successful LSWR M7 class
is also a direct descendant of the D1 class.
0-4-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-2 represents the wheel arrangement with no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle...
suburban passenger tank locomotives, designed by William Stroudley
William Stroudley
William Stroudley was one of Britain's most famous steam locomotive engineers of the nineteenth century, working principally for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway...
of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1873. They were originally known as "D-tanks" but later reclassified as class D1. Members of this very successful class survived in service until 1951.
Background
The D1 class were Stroudley's second tank engine class, intended for heavier tasks than could be undertaken by his A1 classLB&SCR A1 Class
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway A1 Class is an English class of 0-6-0T steam locomotive. Designed by William Stroudley, 50 members of the class were built in 1872 and between 1874 and 1880, all at Brighton Works. The class have received several nicknames, initially being known as...
"Terriers" which had been introduced in 1872. They had larger 5' 6" coupled wheels and a 140 psi (965.3 kPa) boiler pressure. Between November 1873 and March 1887, 125 locomotives of the class were built, 90 of which at Brighton railway works
Brighton railway works
Brighton railway works was one of the earliest railway-owned locomotive repair works, founded in 1840 by the London and Brighton Railway in Brighton, England, and thus pre-dating the more famous railway works at Crewe, Doncaster and Swindon...
and the remainder by Neilson & Co. After 1883, new locomotives were given boilers with 150 psi (1,034.2 kPa) pressure, and in 1892 following Stroudley's death, the boiler pressure for replacement boilers was raised to 160 psi (1,103.2 kPa).
Pre-grouping
For twenty years the class were the mainstay of the LB&SCR outer suburban services, until gradually replaced by R.J. BillintonR. J. Billinton
Robert John Billinton was the Locomotive, Carriage, Wagon and Marine Superintendent of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway from 1890 until his death.-Early career:...
's D3 class
LB&SCR D3 class
LB&SCR D3 class was a 0-4-4T tank locomotive design, by Robert J. Billinton, built for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway between 1892 and 1896...
0-4-4
0-4-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles...
tank engines in the mid 1890s. Thereafter they were used on a variety of secondary passenger, and occasionally freight services throughout the railway. The first locomotive was withdrawn in December 1903, but many of the locomotives were still in good condition and popular with the engine crews. Douglas Earle Marsh
D. E. Marsh
Douglas Earle Marsh was the Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway from November 1904 until his early retirement on health grounds in July 1911.-Early career:...
therefore sought to rebuild six examples in 1910 with a larger boiler and cylinders. These locomotives were known as D1X class, but although they were more powerful than the originals, they were found to be unsteady at speed and so no further rebuilds were authorised.
Post-grouping
There were 84 D1 and D1X locomotives surviving in December 1922 at the groupingRailways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921, also known as the Grouping Act, was an enactment by the British government of David Lloyd George intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, move the railways away from internal competition, and to retain some of the benefits which...
of the railways of southern England to form the Southern Railway
Southern Railway (Great Britain)
The Southern Railway was a British railway company established in the 1923 Grouping. It linked London with the Channel ports, South West England, South coast resorts and Kent...
. The class continued to find useful work on secondary services throughout the new railway, often in preference to far newer locomotives. During the Second World War six surviving examples were loaned to the London Midland and Scottish Railway and served in the north of Scotland. Nine examples were fitted with water pumps and firefighting equipment and were stationed at the major motive power depot
Motive power depot
Motive power depot, usually abbreviated to MPD, is a name given to places where locomotives are stored when not being used, and also repaired and maintained. They were originally known as "running sheds", "engine sheds", or, for short, just sheds. Facilities are provided for refuelling and...
s in London to deal with incendiary bomb attacks.
British Railways
Seventeen members of the class survived the nationalisation of the Southern Railway to form British Railways in January 1948 but many of these had been in storage for several years. The last surviving example in B.R. service was withdrawn from Nine ElmsNine Elms
Nine Elms is a suburb of London, situated in the far north-eastern corner of the London Borough of Wandsworth between Battersea and Vauxhall.It is primarily an industrial area, dominated by Battersea Power Station, Battersea Dogs and Cats Home, railway lines, a major Royal Mail sorting office and...
in December 1951 and no examples have been preserved.
Private ownership
In 1947 the Whittingham Hospital RailwayWhittingham Hospital Railway
The Whittingham Hospital Railway was a private light railway operated by Lancashire County Council to serve their local mental asylum at Whittingham. Opened in 1889, it carried goods and passengers between Grimsargh on the Preston and Longridge Railway and the hospital grounds...
in Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...
acquired number 2357 from the Southern Railway at a cost of £750. It was renamed James Fryers in honour of the Chairman of the Hospital Management Committee. Serious boiler defects in 1956 curtailed its working career and the engine was scrapped that year when it proved beyond economic repair. At that time, it was the sole surviving member of its class.
Descendants
The D1 class had a lasting influence on a number of locomotive classes designed by Stroudley himself, and his two assistants Robert Billinton and Dugald DrummondDugald Drummond
Dugald Drummond was a Scottish steam locomotive engineer. He had a career with the North British Railway, LB&SCR, Caledonian Railway and London and South Western Railway...
.
Stroudley produced a tender locomotive version of the design for secondary passenger duties which was later classified D2
LB&SCR D2 class
The LB&SCR D2 class, 0-4-2 suburban passenger locomotives, were designed by William Stroudley of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1876...
, and then went on to build express passenger versions of the 'Richmond'
LB&SCR Richmond class
The LB&SCR Richmond class, 0-4-2 express passenger locomotives, were designed by William Stroudley of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1877...
and B1
LB&SCR B1 Class
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway B1 Class is a class of 0-4-2 express passenger steam locomotives, known from the name of the first, No. 214, as the "Gladstones".-History:...
classes. Likewise, Billinton extended the design to create his D3
LB&SCR D3 class
LB&SCR D3 class was a 0-4-4T tank locomotive design, by Robert J. Billinton, built for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway between 1892 and 1896...
passenger tanks.
During the 1870s Drummond built six 0-4-2 tank locomotives that were almost identical for the North British Railway
North British Railway
The North British Railway was a Scottish railway company that was absorbed into the London and North Eastern Railway at the Grouping in 1923.-History:...
after 1875. He too extended the design to produce the first of his several successful 0-4-4T designs for the North British and Caledonian Railway
Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century and it was absorbed almost a century later into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, in the 1923 railway grouping, by means of the Railways Act 1921...
. Durmmond's successful LSWR M7 class
LSWR M7 Class
The LSWR M7 class is a class of 0-4-4 passenger tank locomotive built between 1897 and 1911. The class was designed by Dugald Drummond for use on the intensive London network of the London and South Western Railway , and performed well in such tasks. Because of their utility, 105 were built and the...
is also a direct descendant of the D1 class.
Sources
- Worsfold, B.G. (1954) "The Stroudley "D" Tanks", Railway Magazine, 100 (February), p. 92–96