Károly Khuen-Héderváry
Encyclopedia
Dragutin Károly Khuen-Héderváry, also known as Károly Count Khuen-Héderváry de Hédervár
, Austrian Silesia
– 16 February 1918, Budapest
), was a Hungarian politician, the ban
of Croatia
in the late nineteenth century. He succeeded the temporary reign of Ban Hermann Ramberg in 1883. Khuen's reign was marked by a strong magyarization
. After a series of riots broke out against him in 1903, Khuen was relieved of his duty and appointed prime minister of Hungary.
came into official use and Hungarian
symbols were brought alongside the national symbols of the Croats. Khuen was forced to deal with many protests, including one during the 1895 visit of King Franz Joseph
. At the opening of the Croatian National Theatre
which the King was attending, a group of students burned the Hungarian flag beneath the statue of Ban Jelačić
.
formed a government. He faced the greatest difficulty on 16 October 1902, when the Minister of Defence, Géza Fejérváry
tabled a bill in the House of Representatives about the conscription of 20 thousands reervists. Against this proposal of the defence minister, the opposition, led by the Independence Party, launched an endless obstruction
under the slogan of "no more soldiers without the introduction of Hungarian as the language service and command".
In the face of opposition, which paralysed the work of the parliament, the Széll government proved impotent and, so on 23 May 1903 King
Francis Joseph authorised Károly Khuen-Héderváry, ban of Croatia, to initiate negotiations among the Hungarian politicians about the prospects of forming a new government. the ban, who had no immediate knowledge of the political conditions at Budapest, briefly acquainted himself with the situation and resigned his commission as he saw his situation utterly hopeless. Consequently, the ruler asked István Tisza
on 16 June to agree as future prime minister with the politicians of the Liberal Party about the composition of the government. But the members of the governing party, fearing that Tisza would eventually break down the obstruction with violent means, refused to assume the ministerial posts offered to them one after the another.
After the failure of Tisza's effort to form a government, the king withdrew the commission of Széll and asked Khuen-Héderváry to initiate negotiations in a wider circle than before about the formation of his government at Budapest. As a result, Khuen-Héderváry made an agreement with the leaders of the Independence Party, promising them that in return for ending the obstruction he would drop the proposition of Fejérváry and would only table a bill for enlisting the regular yearly number of recruits. Yet the Khuen-Héderváry cabinet, which was appointed on 27 June 1903, realised already at the time of its introduction at parliament that a great part of the opposition representatives would continue their obstruction, which made parliamentary work impossible.
The situation of the prime minister further deteriorated after the session of parliament on 29 July, when representatives of the Independence Party announced that László Szapáry, Governor of Fiume, who belonged to the friends of Khuen-Héderváry, had tried to bribe oppositional representatives into suspending their obstruction. Although no direct evidence was found against the prime minister in the case of bribery, the ensuing scandal made even those oppositional representatives return to the camp of obstruction who had so far respected their agreement with Khuen-Héderváry. The latter, who saw no way out of the crisis, handed in his resignation, which was accepted by the ruler on 7 August. Three days later the parliament took cognizance of the government's leave.
.
Hédervár
-Description:The village settled in the Szigetköz in Győr-Moson-Sopron country halfway along the road connecting Győr and Mosonmagyaróvár. Its emergence can be associated with the German Héder – the founder of the Héderváry family – moving to Hungary...
, Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia , officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Empire, from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary...
– 16 February 1918, Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
), was a Hungarian politician, the ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
in the late nineteenth century. He succeeded the temporary reign of Ban Hermann Ramberg in 1883. Khuen's reign was marked by a strong magyarization
Magyarization
Magyarization is a kind of assimilation or acculturation, a process by which non-Magyar elements came to adopt Magyar culture and language due to social pressure .Defiance or appeals to the Nationalities Law, met...
. After a series of riots broke out against him in 1903, Khuen was relieved of his duty and appointed prime minister of Hungary.
Life
Károly Khuen-Héderváry was born as an oldest son of the 7 children between Hungarian magnate Antal Khuen (1817–1886) and his wife Angelika Izdenczi (1823–1894).Ban of Croatia-Slavonia
During his time as ban, the Hungarian languageHungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
came into official use and Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
symbols were brought alongside the national symbols of the Croats. Khuen was forced to deal with many protests, including one during the 1895 visit of King Franz Joseph
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Galicia and Lodomeria and Grand Duke of Cracow from 1848 until his death in 1916.In the December of 1848, Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated the throne as part of...
. At the opening of the Croatian National Theatre
Croatian National Theatre
The Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb , commonly referred to as HNK Zagreb, is a theatre located in Zagreb, owned and operated by the Ministry of Culture. The theatre evolved out of the first city theatre built in 1836 housed in the present-day Old City Hall...
which the King was attending, a group of students burned the Hungarian flag beneath the statue of Ban Jelačić
Josip Jelacic
Count Josip Jelačić of Bužim was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 May 1859...
.
Prime Minister (1903)
At the elections of 1901 the Liberal Party had obtained a considerable majority, and Prime Minister Kálmán SzéllKálmán Széll
Kálmán Széll de Duka et Szentgyörgyvölgy was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1899 to 1903.-Political career:...
formed a government. He faced the greatest difficulty on 16 October 1902, when the Minister of Defence, Géza Fejérváry
Géza Fejérváry
----Géza Baron Fejérváry de Komlós-Keresztes was a Hungarian general who served as the prime minister in a government of bureaucrats appointed by King Franz Joseph during the Hungarian Constitutional Crisis of 1903–1907....
tabled a bill in the House of Representatives about the conscription of 20 thousands reervists. Against this proposal of the defence minister, the opposition, led by the Independence Party, launched an endless obstruction
Obstruction
Obstruction may refer to:* Obstruction theory, in mathematics* Obstruction of justice, the crime of interfering with law enforcement* Obstructing government administration* Propagation path obstruction** Single Vegetative Obstruction Model-Medical:...
under the slogan of "no more soldiers without the introduction of Hungarian as the language service and command".
In the face of opposition, which paralysed the work of the parliament, the Széll government proved impotent and, so on 23 May 1903 King
King of Hungary
The King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...
Francis Joseph authorised Károly Khuen-Héderváry, ban of Croatia, to initiate negotiations among the Hungarian politicians about the prospects of forming a new government. the ban, who had no immediate knowledge of the political conditions at Budapest, briefly acquainted himself with the situation and resigned his commission as he saw his situation utterly hopeless. Consequently, the ruler asked István Tisza
István Tisza
Count István Tisza de Borosjenő et Szeged was a Hungarian politician, prime minister, and member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences....
on 16 June to agree as future prime minister with the politicians of the Liberal Party about the composition of the government. But the members of the governing party, fearing that Tisza would eventually break down the obstruction with violent means, refused to assume the ministerial posts offered to them one after the another.
After the failure of Tisza's effort to form a government, the king withdrew the commission of Széll and asked Khuen-Héderváry to initiate negotiations in a wider circle than before about the formation of his government at Budapest. As a result, Khuen-Héderváry made an agreement with the leaders of the Independence Party, promising them that in return for ending the obstruction he would drop the proposition of Fejérváry and would only table a bill for enlisting the regular yearly number of recruits. Yet the Khuen-Héderváry cabinet, which was appointed on 27 June 1903, realised already at the time of its introduction at parliament that a great part of the opposition representatives would continue their obstruction, which made parliamentary work impossible.
The situation of the prime minister further deteriorated after the session of parliament on 29 July, when representatives of the Independence Party announced that László Szapáry, Governor of Fiume, who belonged to the friends of Khuen-Héderváry, had tried to bribe oppositional representatives into suspending their obstruction. Although no direct evidence was found against the prime minister in the case of bribery, the ensuing scandal made even those oppositional representatives return to the camp of obstruction who had so far respected their agreement with Khuen-Héderváry. The latter, who saw no way out of the crisis, handed in his resignation, which was accepted by the ruler on 7 August. Three days later the parliament took cognizance of the government's leave.
Prime Minister (1910–1912)
He also served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1910 to 1912, before World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.