Kazimierz Karwowski
Encyclopedia
Kazimierz Karwowski of Pniejnia coat of arms was a Polish noble and politician. He was marshal of the Sejm in 1740, a deputy to the Crown Tribunal
Crown Tribunal
Crown Tribunal – was the highest appeal court in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom for most cases, exceptions being the cases were a noble landowner was threatened with loss of life and/or property - then he could appeal to the Sejm court .In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the...

, cześnik
Czesnik
Cześnik was a court office in Poland and Lithuania until the end of the 13th century. The holder was responsible for the wine-cellar of the King and for serving him cups with wine at banquets...

 of Wizna
Wizna
Wizna is a village in Łomża County of Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. The Biebrza River flows through town. Wizna is also known for the battle of Wizna which took place in its vicinity during the 1939 Invasion of Poland. At present, farming and food production are the primary...

 from 1703, stolink, łowczy and pisarz of Bielsk
Bielsk
Bielsk may refer to the following places:*Bielsk, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship *Bielsk, Masovian Voivodeship *Bielsk Podlaski in Podlaskie Voivodeship...

, podstarości, podstoli and sędzia grodzki (judge) of Brańsk
Bransk
Brańsk is an Urban Gmina in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is located north-eastern Poland.-Etymology:The name of the town comes from the river Bronka, a nearby tributary of the Nurzec River.-Location:...

. He is best known as an advocate of reform, and as a deputy elected to the Sejm
Sejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....

 (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...

 a record number of times over his four decades as a Sejm deputy.

Biography

He was the firth son on Wojciech Karwowski and Aleksandra Ciszewska. He was married to Regina Sopockowna. They had three sons, Paweł Karwowski.

He has been well educated and versed in law, history and languages. Combined with his renown command of Latin language, he was known as Civis et consul Polonus.

He was first elected as a Sejm
Sejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....

 deputy in 1701. During the Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...

 he was loyal to Augustus II of Poland, and was member of the negotiations in Toruń
Torun
Toruń is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is more than 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus....

 (November 1702) and Malbork
Malbork
Malbork is a town in northern Poland in the Żuławy region , with 38,478 inhabitants . Situated in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously assigned to Elbląg Voivodeship...

 (March-May 1703). In the subsequent years he was elected as a deputy to Sejm
Sejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....

 at least 27 times, which is a record number in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...

. He was renown as a good speaker and debtor.

In 1710 he participated in the General Council of Warsaw and joined the Sandomierz Confederation
Sandomierz Confederation
The Sandomierz Confederation was a confederation formed on May 20, 1704 in defense of the King of Poland, August II the Strong. It was formed in reaction to the Warsaw Confederation. Its marshal was Stanisław Ernest Denhoff. The confederation lasted until 1717, when it was disbanded by the...

. In 1714 he was elected as one of the judges in the Crown Tribunal
Crown Tribunal
Crown Tribunal – was the highest appeal court in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom for most cases, exceptions being the cases were a noble landowner was threatened with loss of life and/or property - then he could appeal to the Sejm court .In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the...

. The following year, he received the judge office in Brańsk
Bransk
Brańsk is an Urban Gmina in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is located north-eastern Poland.-Etymology:The name of the town comes from the river Bronka, a nearby tributary of the Nurzec River.-Location:...

.

On the political scene, he was aligned with the magnate family of Sapieha
Sapieha
The Sapieha is a Polish-Lithuanian princely family descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk. The family acquired great influence in the sixteenth century.-History:...

s as well as with Jan Klemens Branicki
Jan Klemens Branicki
Count Jan Klemens Branicki was a Polish nobleman, magnate and Hetman, Field Crown Hetman of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1735 and 1752, and Great Crown Hetman between 1752 and 1771....

. He was involved in numerous legislation attempts, and repeatedly advocated reforms of Sejm procedures. Most notably, he advocated the establishment of the now seen as disastrous, but in his era as nearly sacrosanct, procedure of liberum veto
Liberum veto
The liberum veto was a parliamentary device in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It allowed any member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session by shouting Nie pozwalam! .From the mid-16th to the late 18th...

. To bypass the Sejms dissolved in 1729, 1730 and 1732 he argued that a confederated sejm
Confederated sejm
Confederated sejm was a form of sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. After 1764, sejms were frequently confederated...

 should be convened. He was also involved in the legislation forming the first permanent salaries for the Sejm deputies, reforming taxation, army's budget, and fleshing out the legislation of the Crown Tribunal. During his last Sejm of 1740 he was elected the Sejm Marshal; that sejm was one of many that was eventually disrupted by the liberum veto.

External links

Kazimierz Karwowski z Karwowa h. Pniejnia (Cwaliny), M.J. Minakowski, Wielka Genealogia Minakowskiego
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