Jean-Paul-François, 5th duc de Noailles
Encyclopedia
Jean-Louis-Paul-François de Noailles, 5th Duke of Noailles (26 October 1739, Paris - 20 October 1824) was a French
nobleman and scientist.
, he was in the army for a period. However, his eminence as a chemist
gained him the election as a member of the Académie des sciences in 1777. He was a Knight of Golden Fleece
.
He became duc d'Ayen in 1766 on his grandfather's death, and duc de Noailles on his father's in 1793. Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France.
His first wife, Henriette-Anne-Louise d'Aguesseau
, bore him eight children:
As a member of the royal military the Duke was away from his estates during much of the French revolution
and was not present for the death of his father, upon which he became the Duc de Noailles
. His absence spared him being arrested along with most of his relatives on orders of Robespierre in May 1794. On 22 July that year his 70 year old mother (the dowager Duchess Françoise de Noailles), his wife (the Duchess Anne-Louise-Henriette), their eldest daughter Louise (the Viscomte d'Ayen [by virtue of marriage to her cousin Marc Antoine de Noaille]), and their second daughter, Adrienne de la Fayette, were condemned to the guillotine
; Adrienne was spared at the last moment (possibly due to American intervention- there is debate) only after her grandmother, mother, and sister were beheaded within her sight. The Duke learned of their deaths weeks later; his family lost many other members including two of his uncles and numerous cousins and in-laws during the Revolution.
The Duke went into self-imposed exile
in Switzerland for the remainder of the War, returning to France and his ravaged estates after Napoleon and the Directory restored some order. Through the efforts of his daughter the Marquise de la Fayette, whose husband's family also suffered greatly in the Revolution, some part of his once immense fortune was restored.
Although the duke remarried in 1796 with Baroness Wilhelmine Justine of Mosheim (Yury Golovkin's mother), he had no further children and was survived by only one of his eight children. Having no sons and having survived his nephews, he was succeeded as duc de Noailles by his grandnephew, Paul.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
nobleman and scientist.
Biography
The son of Louis, 4th duc de NoaillesLouis, 4th duc de Noailles
Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles was a French peer and Marshal of France. He married Catherine de Cossé-Brissac, on 25 February 1737...
, he was in the army for a period. However, his eminence as a chemist
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
gained him the election as a member of the Académie des sciences in 1777. He was a Knight of Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
.
He became duc d'Ayen in 1766 on his grandfather's death, and duc de Noailles on his father's in 1793. Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France.
His first wife, Henriette-Anne-Louise d'Aguesseau
Henriette-Anne-Louise d'Aguesseau
Henriette Anne Louise d'Aguesseau, Duchess of Noailles, Princess of Tingry , was the heiress of her grandfather, Henri François d'Aguesseau, and wife of Jean Paul François de Noailles, Count and Duke of Ayen.-Family:...
, bore him eight children:
- Adrien Paul Louis (17 September 1756 - 7 September 1757).
- Anne Jeanne Baptiste Louise (11 November 1758 - 22 July 1794), who married her cousin the Viscomte d'Ayen.
- Marie-Adrienne-FrançoiseAdrienne de La FayetteMarie Adrienne Françoise de Noailles, marquise de La Fayette , the daughter of Jean de Noailles, and Henriette Anne Louise d'Aguesseau, married Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette....
(2 November 1759 - 24 December 1807), wife of Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de La Fayette. - A daughter (born and died 11 December 1760).
- Françoise Antoinette Louise (3 September 1763 - 3 August 1788), Comtesse de Thezan du Pourjol.
- Anne Paule Dominique (22 June 1766 - 29 January 1839), Marquise de Pouzols, Marquise de Montagu.
- Angélique Françoise d'Assise Rosalie (1 August 1767 - 16 February 1833), Marquise de Grammont.
- Louis Gabriel (19 August 1768 - 26 July 1770).
As a member of the royal military the Duke was away from his estates during much of the French revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
and was not present for the death of his father, upon which he became the Duc de Noailles
Duke of Noailles
The title of Duke of Noailles was a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne of Noailles, count of Ayen.The second, third and fourth dukes were all marshals of France...
. His absence spared him being arrested along with most of his relatives on orders of Robespierre in May 1794. On 22 July that year his 70 year old mother (the dowager Duchess Françoise de Noailles), his wife (the Duchess Anne-Louise-Henriette), their eldest daughter Louise (the Viscomte d'Ayen [by virtue of marriage to her cousin Marc Antoine de Noaille]), and their second daughter, Adrienne de la Fayette, were condemned to the guillotine
Guillotine
The guillotine is a device used for carrying out :executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which an angled blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body...
; Adrienne was spared at the last moment (possibly due to American intervention- there is debate) only after her grandmother, mother, and sister were beheaded within her sight. The Duke learned of their deaths weeks later; his family lost many other members including two of his uncles and numerous cousins and in-laws during the Revolution.
The Duke went into self-imposed exile
Exile
Exile means to be away from one's home , while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return...
in Switzerland for the remainder of the War, returning to France and his ravaged estates after Napoleon and the Directory restored some order. Through the efforts of his daughter the Marquise de la Fayette, whose husband's family also suffered greatly in the Revolution, some part of his once immense fortune was restored.
Although the duke remarried in 1796 with Baroness Wilhelmine Justine of Mosheim (Yury Golovkin's mother), he had no further children and was survived by only one of his eight children. Having no sons and having survived his nephews, he was succeeded as duc de Noailles by his grandnephew, Paul.