Jakubinskij's law
Encyclopedia
Jakubinskij's law, or Meyer-Jakubinskij's law, is a sound law that operated in Croatian
Čakavian dialect area in the 12th-13th century, named after Lav Jakubinski who discovered it in 1925, and sometimes also after K.H, Meyer who expanded and refined the rule in 1926.
Law governs the distribution of the mixed Ikavian-Ekavian reflexes of Common Slavic yat phoneme, occurring the in Middle Čakavian
area.
In the South Čakavian Ikavian area, yat */ě/ was reflected as /i/, and became merged with the reflexes of Common Slavic */y/ and */i/. In the northwest, however, according to the Meyer-Jakubinskij's law, */ě/ > /e/ before dental consonants {d, t, s, z, n, l, r} which were followed by one of the back vowels {a, o, u, y, ъ}, and elsewhere */ě/ > /i/. This /e/ has thus merged the reflexes of Common Slavic */e/ and */ę/.
Compare tȇlo 'body' as opposed to bīžéć 'fleeing'.
The effect of Jakubinskij's rule has been levelled out in paradigmatic alternations and derivational morphology, by the analogical influence of nominative form onto the oblique cases, infinitive on other verbal forms, word stem onto derivations etc. Thus no or extremely little alternation occurs throughout the inflectional paradigm. For example, Common Slavic *město 'place, position' would yield N
sg
mesto, but L
pl is mestih, not **mistih. L
sg of mera (< Comm Slavic *měra 'measure') is meri not **miri etc.
Though initially applied only to Čakavian Ikavian-Ekavian speeches, this rule is also valid for some Kajkavian Ikavian-Ekavian speeches of Duga Resa
, Ogulin
, Karlovac
and Žumberak
.
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
Čakavian dialect area in the 12th-13th century, named after Lav Jakubinski who discovered it in 1925, and sometimes also after K.H, Meyer who expanded and refined the rule in 1926.
Law governs the distribution of the mixed Ikavian-Ekavian reflexes of Common Slavic yat phoneme, occurring the in Middle Čakavian
Middle Cakavian
Middle Čakavian is one of the dialects of the Čakavian Croatian dialect system.It is spoken on the territory lying between the Northern Čakavian and Southern Čakavian dialect: it covers the islands of Dugi otok, Kornati, Lošinj, Krk, Rab, Pag, and on the land the cities of Vinodol, Ogulin, Brinje,...
area.
In the South Čakavian Ikavian area, yat */ě/ was reflected as /i/, and became merged with the reflexes of Common Slavic */y/ and */i/. In the northwest, however, according to the Meyer-Jakubinskij's law, */ě/ > /e/ before dental consonants {d, t, s, z, n, l, r} which were followed by one of the back vowels {a, o, u, y, ъ}, and elsewhere */ě/ > /i/. This /e/ has thus merged the reflexes of Common Slavic */e/ and */ę/.
Compare tȇlo 'body' as opposed to bīžéć 'fleeing'.
The effect of Jakubinskij's rule has been levelled out in paradigmatic alternations and derivational morphology, by the analogical influence of nominative form onto the oblique cases, infinitive on other verbal forms, word stem onto derivations etc. Thus no or extremely little alternation occurs throughout the inflectional paradigm. For example, Common Slavic *město 'place, position' would yield N
Nominative case
The nominative case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments...
sg
Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions ....
mesto, but L
Locative case
Locative is a grammatical case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by"...
pl is mestih, not **mistih. L
Locative case
Locative is a grammatical case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by"...
sg of mera (< Comm Slavic *měra 'measure') is meri not **miri etc.
Though initially applied only to Čakavian Ikavian-Ekavian speeches, this rule is also valid for some Kajkavian Ikavian-Ekavian speeches of Duga Resa
Duga Resa
Duga Resa is a town in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located east of Rijeka.-Name:The earliest reference to Duga Resa is from the year 1380...
, Ogulin
Ogulin
Ogulin is a town in north-western Croatia, in Karlovac County. It has a population of 8,712 , and a total municipal population of 15,054...
, Karlovac
Karlovac
Karlovac is a city and municipality in central Croatia. The city proper has a population of 49,082, while the municipality has a population of 59,395 inhabitants .Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County...
and Žumberak
Žumberak
Žumberak or Gorjanci is a range of mountains or hills between Croatia and Slovenia. The highest peak is Sveta Gera on the border between Croatia and Slovenia, being tall....
.